Wikipedia

Railway speed record

(Redirected from Rail speed record)

The world record for a conventional wheeled passenger train is held by a modified French TGV high-speed (with standard equipment) code named V150, set in 2007 when it reached 574.8 km/h (357.2 mph) on a 140 km (87 mi) section of track.[1] Japan's experimental maglev train L0 Series achieved 603 km/h (375 mph) on a 42.8 km (26.6 mi) magnetic levitation track in 2015.[2]

An L0 Series trainset, holding the non-conventional train world speed record of 603 km/h (375 mph)
TGV 4402 (operation V150) reaching 574.8 km/h (357 mph)

Under commercial traffic and practical conditions where trains carry passengers across from one station to another, the world records for top operating speeds of maglev and single-phase trains are held respectively by China's Shanghai Maglev Train with a top speed of 431 km/h (268 mph) and CR400 Fuxing Hao at 350 km/h (220 mph). They are followed by France's TGV Duplex and Japan's E5 Series Shinkansen which both have maximum operating speeds of 320 km/h (200 mph) for commercial services.[3]

World speed records

edit

Legend:

Arr (Arrangement)
Disposition and number of elements forming the train.
Loc
One locomotive pulling one or more cars.
Multi
Multiple motorized elements on a single train.
Single
Single rail vehicle (i.e. railbus)
Power
DC, DC 3rd rail, AC, Single phase, Triphase, Diesel-elec., Gas, Steam, Diesel-hydraulic, Propeller, Rocket, Jet
State
  • "Proto." (Prototype)
  • "Unmod." (Unmodified from vehicles in service)
  • "Tuned" (Modified at some level for a better performance)
  • "Unknown"

All passenger trains

edit

The following is a partial list of absolute world speed records for all trains designed to carry passengers, regardless of gauge, propulsion or type of rail.

Speed Date Line Country Train Arr Power State Comments
603 km/h (375 mph) 2015-04-21 Yamanashi Test Track Japan L0 Series Multi AC (Maglev) Proto. Seven-car train set, manned[2]
590 km/h (367 mph) 2015-04-16 Yamanashi Test Track Japan L0 Series Multi AC (Maglev) Proto. Seven-car train set, manned[4]
581 km/h (361 mph) 2003-12-02 Yamanashi Test Track Japan MLX01 Multi AC (Maglev) Proto. Three-car train set. Guinness Book of Records authenticated.[5]
574.8 km/h (357 mph) 2007-04-03 LGV Est France SNCF TGV POS Set No. 4402 Multi AC Tuned Set formed of 5 cars.[6] Current world record on steel rails.
568 km/h (353 mph) 2007-04-01 LGV Est France SNCF TGV POS Set No. 4402 Multi AC Tuned Set formed of 5 cars.[7]
515.3 km/h (320 mph) 1990-05-18 LGV Atlantique France SNCF TGV Atlantique Set No. 325 Multi AC Tuned Extensive modifications.
510.6 km/h (317 mph) 1990-05-09 LGV Atlantique France SNCF TGV Atlantique Set No. 325 Multi AC Tuned Extensive modifications.[8]
501 km/h (311 mph) 2003-11-12 Shanghai Maglev Train China Transrapid SMT Multi AC (Maglev) Unmod. Recorded in 2003 at a test run before the commercial operation in 2004[9]
487.3 km/h (303 mph) 2010-12-03 Beijing–Shanghai HSR China CRH380BL Multi Single phase Unmod. 16-car trainset[10]
486.1 km/h (302 mph) 2010-12-03 Beijing–Shanghai HSR China CRH380AL Multi Single phase Unmod. 16-car trainset, near Sùzhōu[11]
482.4 km/h (300 mph) 1990-12-05 LGV Atlantique France SNCF TGV Atlantique Set No. 325 Multi AC Tuned Extensive modifications.[12]

443.0 km/h (275.3 mph)

1996-07-26 Tōkaidō Shinkansen Japan Class 955 Shinkansen Multi AC Proto
421.4 km/h (262 mph) 2013-03-28 Gyeongbu high-speed railway South Korea Hyundai Rotem HEMU-430X Multi AC Proto six-car train set, maximum speed test[13]
411.5 km/h (256 mph) 1974-08-14 High Speed Ground Test Center United States LIMRV[14] Loc Gas turbine Proto
408.4 km/h (254 mph) 1988 LGV Sud-Est France SNCF TGV Sud-Est Set No. 88 Multi AC [15]
406.9 km/h (253 mph) 1988-05-01 Hanover–Würzburg high-speed railway Germany Intercity Experimental (ICE V) Multi AC Proto Reached over 400 km/h in a tunnel[16]
403.7 km/h (251 mph) 2006-07-16 Madrid-Barcelona HSL Spain Renfe Class 103 Multi AC Unmod. Currently holds the record of the fastest unmodified AC trainset (non-Maglev) in the world.
400 km/h (250 mph) 2019-12-14 Tohoku Shinkansen Japan Class E956 "ALFA-X" Multi AC Proto
393.8 km/h (245 mph) 2016-02-26 AV Milano-Torino Italy ETR 1000 Multi AC Unmod.
380 km/h (236 mph) 2007-04-03 LGV Est France SNCF TGV POS Set No. 4404 Multi AC unmod Set formed of 10 cars -The 4404 train opens the way at 380 km/h for record breaker Tgv 4402 V150 train.[17]
380 km/h (236 mph) 1981-02-26 LGV Sud-Est France SNCF TGV Sud-Est Set No. 16 Multi AC Tuned Line voltage increased from 25 kV to 29 kV, wheels of a larger diameter, and gear ratios between motors and wheels increased.
362 km/h (225 mph) 2009-02-04 Monte Bibele tunnel (Bologna-Firenze HSL) Italy ETR 500-Y Multi AC Tuned World record in tunnel.[18]
352.4 km/h (219 mph) 2004-12-16 Gyeongbu high-speed railway South Korea Hyundai Rotem HSR-350x Multi AC Proto
334.7 km/h (208 mph) 2003-07-30 High Speed 1 United Kingdom Alstom Eurostar Tgv 3313/4, British Rail Class 373 Multi AC Unmod The speed of 334.7 km/h was recorded at Nashenden Valley, just outside Rochester.[19]
331 km/h (206 mph) 1955-03-29 "Les Landes", between Bordeaux and Dax France Jeumont-Schneider SNCF BB 9003-9004 Loc DC Tuned Pulling 3 cars. Train was specially modified for the test. The track was badly damaged by the test.[20][21]
318 km/h (198 mph) 1974-12-08 "Les Landes", between Bordeaux and Dax France TGV001 Multi AC proto TGV first prototype[22]
303 km/h (188 mph) 2007-09-14 Ankara-Istanbul high-speed railway between Ankara and Eskişehir. Turkey ETR 500 Y2 Multi AC Unmod. Turkish railway speed record. Record set during testing of the high-speed railway, 18 months before revenue service began.[23]
243 km/h (151 mph) 1954-02-21 France SNCF CC 7107 Loc DC unmod [24]
303 km/h (188 mph) 2008-09-14 Western Main Line Sweden Bombardier Regina Multi AC Proto. Swedish national speed record.
275 km/h (171 mph) 1967-12-20 Northeast Corridor between Trenton and New Brunswick, New Jersey United States UAC TurboTrain GTEL -- Unmod. --
271 km/h (168 mph) 1993-10-05 Saint Petersburg — Moscow Russia TEP80 Loc Diesel-elec Proto. Claimed,[25] but no verification from an independent witness[26]
256 km/h (159 mph) 2002-06-12, 2002-07-10 Madrid - Barcelona, Olmedo-Medina del Campo Spain Talgo XXI Multi Diesel-elec Proto. Claimed by the company for both dates.[27][28]
245 km/h (152 mph) 1980 Rosslyn to De Wildt South Africa South Africa South African Class 6E Loc DC Proto. High speed pantographs was tested for British rail on locomotive number E1525. The idea was abandoned thereafter.
238 km/h (148 mph) 1987-11-01 East Coast Main Line United Kingdom Class 43 (HST) Multi Diesel-elec Modified Current official diesel speed record listed in 2006 Guinness Book of Records[29]
230.4 km/h (143 mph) 1973-06-12 East Coast Main Line United Kingdom HST prototype Multi Diesel-elec Proto. [30]
205 km/h (127 mph) 1936-02-17 Germany DRG SVT 137 233-234 "Bauart Leipzig" Multi Diesel-elec Unmod. First diesel train faster than 200 km/h (124 mph)[31][32]
203 km/h (126 mph) 1938-20-07 Bologna-Milano line between Pontenure and Piacenza Italy FS Class ETR 200 Loc DC Unmod.
202.58 km/h (126 mph) 1938-03-07 East Coast Main Line between Peterborough and Grantham United Kingdom LNER Class A4 4468 Mallard Loc Steam Unmod. Authenticated speed. World Steam Speed Record Holder to this day. Analysis of the original dynamometer rolls in 2018 however points to several issues with the original authentication and a sustained maximum speed of 199.36 km/h (124 mph).[33]
166.6 km/h (104 mph) 1934-07-20 United States Milwaukee Road class F6 #6402 Loc Steam Unmod A point between Oakwood, Illinois and Lake, Wisconsin. Also averaged 75.5 mph (122 km/h) on 85 miles (137 km) from Chicago, Illinois to Milwaukee, and 89.92 mph (145 km/h) for a 68.9 miles (110.9 km) stretch[34]
161 km/h (100 mph) 1934-11-30 East Coast Main Line United Kingdom LNER Class A3 4472 Flying Scotsman Loc Steam Unmod. In 1934, Flying Scotsman achieved the first authenticated 100 mph (161 km/h) by a steam locomotive.[35]
48 km/h (30 mph) 1829 Rainhill Trials United Kingdom Stephenson's Rocket Loc Steam Unmod. [36]

Conventional wheeled

edit

The following is a list of verified absolute world speed records for conventional wheeled rail vehicles.

Speed Date Line Country Train Arr. Power State Comments
574.8 km/h (357 mph) 2007-04-03 LGV Est France SNCF TGV POS Set No. 4402 Multi AC Tuned Set formed of 2 power cars + 3 trailers.[6] Current world record on steel rails.
515.3 km/h (320 mph) 1990-05-18 LGV Atlantique France SNCF TGV Atlantique Set No. 325 Multi AC Tuned Extensive modifications.
487.3 km/h (303 mph) 2010-12-03 Beijing–Shanghai HSR China CRH380BL Multi Single phase Unmod. 16-car trainset[37]
486.1 km/h (302 mph) 2010-12-03 Beijing–Shanghai HSR China CRH380AL Multi Single phase Unmod. 16-car trainset, near Sùzhōu[38]
482.4 km/h (300 mph) 1989-12-05 LGV Atlantique France SNCF TGV Atlantique Set No. 325 Multi AC Tuned Extensive modifications.
421.4 km/h (262 mph) 2013-03-28 Gyeongbu high-speed railway South Korea Hyundai Rotem HEMU-430X Multi AC Proto six-car train set. maximum speed test.
380 km/h (236 mph) 1981-02-26 LGV Sud-Est France SNCF TGV Sud-Est Set No. 16 Multi AC Tuned Line voltage increased from 25 kV to 29 kV, wheels of a larger diameter, and gear ratios between motors and wheels increased.
352.4 km/h (219 mph) 2004-12-16 Gyeongbu high-speed railway South Korea Hyundai Rotem HSR-350x Multi AC Proto
334.7 km/h (208 mph) 2003-07-30 High Speed 1 United Kingdom Eurostar 3313/4, British Rail Class 373 Multi AC Unmod The speed of 334.7 km/h was recorded at Nashenden Valley, just outside Rochester.[19]
331 km/h (206 mph) 1955-03-29 "Les Landes", between Bordeaux and Dax France Jeumont-Schneider SNCF BB 9003-9004 Loc DC Tuned Pulling 3 cars. Train was specially modified for the test. The track was badly damaged by the test.[20][21]
271 km/h (168 mph) 1993-10-05 Saint Petersburg — Moscow Russia TEP80 Loc Diesel-elec Proto. Claimed,[25] but no verification from an independent witness[26]
238 km/h (148 mph) 1987-11-01 East Coast Main Line United Kingdom Class 43 (HST) Multi Diesel-elec Modified Current official diesel speed record listed in 2006 Guinness Book of Records[29]
230.4 km/h (143 mph) 1973-06-12 East Coast Main Line United Kingdom HST prototype Multi Diesel-elec Proto. [30]
205 km/h (127 mph) 1936-02-17 Germany DRG SVT 137 233-234 "Bauart Leipzig" Multi Diesel-elec Unmod. World speed record. First diesel train faster than 200 km/h (124 mph)[31][32]
202.6 km/h (126 mph) 1938-07-03 United Kingdom LNER Class A4 No. 4468 Mallard Loc Steam unknown [39][40] Downhill grade. Data indicates peak speed 202.6 km/h (126 mph), mean speed (half-mile) 201.2 km/h (125 mph). Mallard suffered an overheated crankpin during the run, but was repaired and returned to traffic within 9 days.[41] This is the standing record for a steam locomotive. Analysis of the original dynamometer rolls in 2018 however points to several issues with the original authentication and a sustained maximum speed of 199.36 km/h (124 mph).[42]
166.6 km/h (104 mph) 1934-07-20 United States Milwaukee Road class F6 #6402 Loc Steam Unmod A point between Oakwood, Illinois and Lake, Wisconsin. Also averaged 75.5 mph (122 km/h) on 85 miles (137 km) from Chicago, Illinois to Milwaukee, and 89.92 mph (145 km/h) for a 68.9 miles (110.9 km) stretch[34]
161 km/h (100 mph) 1934-11-30 East Coast Main Line United Kingdom LNER Class A3 4472 Flying Scotsman Loc Steam Unmod. In 1934, Flying Scotsman achieved the first authenticated 100 mph (161 km/h) by a steam locomotive.[35]
48 km/h (30 mph) 1829 Rainhill Trials United Kingdom Stephenson's Rocket Loc Steam Unmod. [36]

Electric

edit

The following is a list of speed records for rail vehicles with electric traction motors and powered by electricity transferred to the train.

Speed records of electric locomotive and electric multiple unit trains
Speed Date Line Country Train Arr. Power State Comments
574.8 km/h (357 mph) 2007-04-03 LGV Est France SNCF TGV POS Set No. 4402 Multi Single phase Tuned Set formed of 2 power cars + 3 trailers.[6] Current world record.
487.3 km/h (303 mph) 2010-12-03 Beijing–Shanghai HSR China CRH380BL Multi Single phase Unmod. 16-car trainset[37]
486.1 km/h (302 mph) 2010-12-03 Beijing–Shanghai HSR China CRH380AL Multi Single phase Unmod. 16-car trainset, near Sùzhōu[38]
443.0 km/h (275 mph) 1996-07-26 Tōkaidō Shinkansen Japan Class 955 Shinkansen Multi Single phase Proto
425.0 km/h (264 mph) 1993-12-21 Jōetsu Shinkansen Japan Class 952/953 Shinkansen Multi Single phase Proto
421.4 km/h (262 mph) 2013-03-28 Gyeongbu high-speed railway South Korea Hyundai Rotem HEMU-430X Multi Single phase Proto six-car train set. maximum speed test.[13]
416.6 km/h (259 mph) 2010-09-28 Shanghai–Hangzhou HSR China CRH380A Multi Single phase Unmod. [43]
403.7 km/h (251 mph) 2006-07-15 Madrid–Barcelona HSR between Guadalajara and Calatayud Spain Siemens Velaro E (AVE S-103) Multi Single phase Unmod. 15–16 July [44][45]
362 km/h (225 mph) 2009-02-03 Bologna–Florence high-speed railway Italy ETR 500 Y1 Multi Single phase Tuned Indoor Italian speed record, in the Monte Bibele tunnel on the high speed line between Florence and Bologna.[46][47]
357 km/h (222 mph) 2006-09-02 Nuremberg–Ingolstadt high-speed railway Germany Siemens EuroSprinter ES64U4 No. 1216 050-5 Loc AC Unmod. On Nuremberg–Ingolstadt high-speed railway, locomotive owned by ÖBB, pulling one car.[20][48]
334.7 km/h (208 mph) 2003-07-30 High Speed 1 United Kingdom Eurostar 3313/4, British Rail Class 373 Multi AC Unmod The speed of 334.7 km/h was recorded at Nashenden Valley, just outside Rochester.[19]
331 km/h (206 mph) 1955-03-29 "Les Landes", between Bordeaux and Dax France Jeumont-Schneider SNCF BB 9003-9004 Loc DC Tuned Pulling 3 cars. Train was specially modified for the test. The track was badly damaged by the test.[20][21]
319 km/h (198 mph) 1979-12-07 Oyama test track Japan Class 961 Shinkansen Multi Single phase Proto. test track, now part of Tōhoku Shinkansen[49]
286 km/h (178 mph) 1972-02-24 Sanyō Shinkansen Japan Class 951 Shinkansen Multi Single phase Proto. [49]
256 km/h (159 mph) 1963-03-30 Odawara test track Japan Class 1000 Shinkansen Multi Single phase Proto. Test track now part of Tōkaidō Shinkansen[49]
210.2 km/h (131 mph) 1903-10-28 Royal Prussian Military Railway between Marienfelde and Zossen Germany AEG Experimental three-phase railcar Multi Triphase Proto. Many sources say 27 October.[50][51][52]
203 km/h (126 mph) 1939-20-07 Florence–Bologna "direttissima" and Bologna-Milan lines Italy ETR 200 Multi DC Unmod. Record average speed between Bologna and Milan[53]
203 km/h (126 mph) 1903-10-06 Royal Prussian Military Railway between Marienfelde and Zossen Germany Siemens & Halske Experimental three-phase railcar Multi Triphase Proto. Some sources say 7 October, others say 200.99 km/h (125 mph) or an improbable 231 km/h (144 mph).[50][54][55]
180 km/h (112 mph) 1941 Chicago North Shore and Milwaukee Railroad United States Electroliner Multi DC. It used its OHEL system, not its 3rd rail system for the record run.[56] Unmod. When the sets were received in 1941, during one test run the traction motors were allowed full field shunt to determine absolute maximum speed. It reached just over 110 mph (180 km/h), but at that speed the train reached highway crossings before the crossing gates fully closed, a dangerous situation. Thereafter, the sets were limited to 90 mph (140 km/h).[57]
175 km/h (109 mph) or 108 mph (174 km/h) 1988-04-11 Somwere on the Waterloo to Weymouth route United Kingdom British Rail Class 442 N/A DC 3rd rail Unmod. World speed record for a 750 DC 3rd rail train.[58][59]
162.5 km/h (101 mph) 1901 Royal Prussian Military Railway between Marienfelde and Zossen Germany Siemens & Halske Experimental three-phase railcar Multi Triphase Proto. Some sources say 160 km/h (99 mph) or 162 km/h (101 mph).[60]
161 km/h (100 mph) 1934-08 Northeast Corridor United States Pennsylvania Railroad class GG1 Loc Single Phase Unmod. First streamlined electric passenger train in the world, pulling 14 coaches at sustained speeds of 161 km/h.
156 km/h (97 mph) 1930 Cincinnati and Lake Erie Railroad United States Red Devil (interurban) Single DC Unmod. Defeated a plane in a race for publicity.[61]
141.22 km/h (87.75 mph) 1972-01-31 LIRR Main Line between Woodside and Jamaica United States R44 (New York City Subway car) Multi DC Unmod. World speed record for a subway train. When half the motors were disabled to simulate the weight of a rush-hour crowd, it still reached 124 km/h (77 mph). The cars were capable of even higher speeds, as the consist was still accelerating as it approached the end of the designated test track.[62][63]

Fuel-electric

edit

The following is a list of speed records for rail vehicles with on-board fuel to generate electricity for traction motors such as diesel-electric locomotive, diesel electric multiple unit and gas turbine-electric locomotive trains.

Speed record of fuel-electric rail vehicles
Speed Date Line Country Train Arr. Power State Comments
271 km/h (168 mph) 1993-10-05 Saint Petersburg — Moscow Russia TEP80 Loc Diesel-elec Proto. Has documentation and record of the speed,[25] but no verification from an independent witness.[26]
256 km/h (159 mph) 2002-06-12, 2002-07-10 Madrid - Barcelona, Olmedo-Medina del Campo Spain Talgo XXI Multi Diesel-elec Proto. Claimed by the company for both dates.[27][28]
238 km/h (148 mph) 1987-11-01 East Coast Main Line United Kingdom Class 43 (HST) Multi Diesel-elec Modified Current official diesel speed record listed in 2006 Guinness Book of Records[29]
230.4 km/h (143 mph) 1973-06-12 East Coast Main Line United Kingdom HST prototype Multi Diesel-elec Proto. [30]
205 km/h (127 mph) 1936-02-17 Germany DRG SVT 137 233-234 "Bauart Leipzig" Multi Diesel-elec Unmod. World speed record. First diesel train faster than 200 km/h (124 mph)[31][32]
181 km/h (112 mph) 1934-05-26 United States Pioneer Zephyr Multi Diesel-elec Unmod. World speed record. First streamlined diesel-electric train and the first multi-coach passenger train to reach a 181 km/h top speed.
177 km/h (110 mph) 1934-02-12 United States M-10000 Multi Gasoline-elec Unmod. World speed record. First streamlined gasoline-electric train and the first multi-coach passenger train to reach a 177 km/h top speed.

Fuel-mechanic

edit

The following is a list of speed records for rail vehicles with on-board fuel to mechanical energy to drive vehicle's wheels such as diesel-hydraulic trains and gas turbine locomotive trains that use mechanical transmission to power the drive wheels.

Speed record of fuel-mechanic rail vehicles
Speed Date Line Country Train Arr. Power State Comments
275 km/h (171 mph) 1967-12-20 Northeast Corridor United States UAC TurboTrain Multi Gas unknown [64]
129 km/h (80 mph) 1905 Union Pacific and Southern Pacific United States McKeen railmotor Single Railcar Gasoline Engine unknown First streamlined train in history with 152 units sold and used by Union Pacific and other railroad companies from 1905-1934.

Steam

edit

The following is a list of speed records for steam locomotives.

Note: All records with a faster speed than 202.6 km/h (126 mph) (the record set by Mallard) are claimed and have not been officially verified (compare rival claims section).

Speed record of steam rail vehicles
Speed Date Line Country Train Arr. Power State Comments
202.6 km/h (126 mph) 1938-07-03 East Coast Main Line United Kingdom LNER Class A4 No. 4468 Mallard Loc Steam Unmod. [65][40] Downhill grade. Data indicates peak speed 202.6 km/h (126 mph), mean speed (half-mile) 201.2 km/h (125 mph). Mallard suffered an overheated center big end bearing (or crankpin) during the run, but was repaired and returned to traffic within 9 days.[41] Mallard's record is the standing world speed record for a steam locomotive.
200.4 km/h (125 mph) 1936-05-11 Germany Borsig DRG series 05 002 Loc Steam Unmod. Level grade.[66]
198 km/h (123 mph) 1934-12-27 New York Central Railroad (also B&A, THB, MC, CCC&StL) United States New York Central Hudson "Commodore Vanderbilt" Loc Steam Unmod. This was the first streamlined coal-fired steam train in history.
181.1 km/h (113 mph) 1935-04-05 United States Milwaukee Road class A #2 Loc Steam unknown This was the first streamlined oil-fired steam train in history. Claimed to have sustained 112.5 mph (181 km/h) for 14 miles (23 km). Average speed for 136 miles (219 km) between Milwaukee and New Lisbon, Wisconsin was 74.9 mph (121 km/h).[34]
166.6 km/h (104 mph) 1934-07-20 United States Milwaukee Road class F6 #6402 Loc Steam Unmod. A point between Oakwood, Illinois and Lake, Wisconsin. Also averaged 75.5 mph (122 km/h) on 85 miles (137 km) from Chicago, Illinois to Milwaukee, and 89.92 mph (145 km/h) for a 68.9 miles (110.9 km) stretch.[34] This trip was a test run for the feasibility of a new planned high speed passenger train service between Chicago and Minneapolis-St. Paul via Milwaukee, which came to fruition the next year as the Hiawatha.
161 km/h (100 mph) 1934-11-30 East Coast Main Line United Kingdom LNER Class A3 4472 Flying Scotsman Loc Steam Unmod. In 1934, Flying Scotsman achieved the first authenticated 100 mph (161 km/h) by a steam locomotive.[35][note 1]
165 km/h (102.3 mph) 1904-05-4 Exeter to Bristol Line United Kingdom GWR 3700 Class 3440 City of Truro Loc Steam Unmod. This was the first independently measured and published 100 mph (161 km/h) by a steam locomotive.[67][note 2]
149 km/h (92.3 mph) 1895-10-24 Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railway United States Brooks-built ten-wheeler and train Loc Steam Unmod. The engineer was presented with a memorial watch from the Webb C. Ball Company in a ceremony at the Brooks Locomotive Works offices on April 17, 1896.[68]
145 km/h (90 mph) 1895 London and North Western Railway United Kingdom LNWR Improved Precedent Class No. 790 Hardwicke Loc Steam unknown [69]
160.9 km/h (100 mph) 1893-05-10 United States Empire State Express No. 999 Loc Steam Unmod. 112 mph (180 km/h) claimed, which would make it the first wheeled vehicle to exceed 100 mph (161 km/h).[70][71] Unauthenticated and dubious.
129 km/h (80 mph) 1840s Great Western Main Line United Kingdom GWR Iron Duke class Iron Duke Loc Steam unknown [69]
64 km/h (40 mph) 1830-09 Liverpool and Manchester Railway United Kingdom Northumbrian Loc Steam unknown [69]
48 km/h (30 mph) 1829 Rainhill Trials United Kingdom Stephenson's Rocket Loc Steam Unmod. [36]
8 km/h (5 mph)
[citation needed] 		1804-02-21 Merthyr Tramroad United Kingdom Richard Trevithick:
World's first railway steam locomotive 		Loc Steam Unmod. On 21 February 1804 it successfully carried 11.24 tons of coal, five wagons and 70 men over the full distance, in 4 hours and 5 minutes, at an average speed of 2.4 mph (3.9 km/h).[72][73]

Note:

  1. ^ The speed was measured and recorded using a mechanical device. The record was available for public inspection.
  2. ^ This was recorded by Charles Rous-Marten, a highly experienced railway journalist who subsequently published his notebook. But since the times were recorded using a stopwatch they must remain unauthenticated. His stated figure of 102.3 mph comes from a single quarter-mile taking 8.8 seconds on a stopwatch with a 0.2 second minimum interval; the next step, 9.0 seconds, would equate to 100 mph.

Air propulsion

edit

The following is a list of speed records for rail vehicles that use air propulsion to move rail vehicles while the wheels are rolling along the track.

Speed record of air propulsion rail vehicles
Speed Date Line Country Train Arr. Power State Comments
411.5 km/h (256 mph) 1974-08-14 High Speed Ground Test Center United States LIMRV[14] Loc Gas turbine Proto
295.72 km/h (184 mph) 1966-07-23 Butler, Indiana to Stryker, Ohio United States New York Central Budd RDC-3 M-497 Loc Jet Proto. Jet aero engines (retrofitted to roof)
280 km/h (174 mph) 1928-06-23 Germany Opel RAK III Loc Rocket Proto. Unmanned. Some sources say 254 km/h (158 mph) or 290 km/h (180 mph). See:[74][75][76][77][78]
140 km/h (87 mph) 1921-07-24 Moscow-Tula Soviet Union Aerowagon Single Propeller Proto. Propeller-driven railcar with a gasoline (petrol) aero engine.

Using an air cushion and a monorail, the Aérotrain set on 5 March 1974 a mean speed of 417.6 km/h (259.5 mph) and a peak speed of 430.4 km/h (267.4 mph).

Conventional wheeled – Narrow gauge

edit
Speed Date Line Country Train Arr Power State Comments
245 km/h (152 mph) 1978-10-31 Between Westonaria and Midway South Africa SAR Class 6E1 (No. E1525) Loc Single phase unknown 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) [79][80][81] Scheffel bogie
210 km/h (130 mph) 1999 Queensland Rail North Coast Line Australia Electric Tilt Train Multi AC Unmod. 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) Tilting train[82]
175 km/h (109 mph) 1960-11-21 JNR Tōkaidō Main Line Japan JNR KuMoYa93 test car Multi DC Proto. 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) [83]
163 km/h (101 mph) 1959-07-31 JNR Tōkaidō Main Line Japan JNR 151 series Multi DC unknown 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) [83]
145 km/h (90 mph) 1957-09-27 JNR Tōkaidō Main Line Japan Odakyū 3000 series SE Romancecar Multi DC unknown 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) [84]
136 km/h (85 mph) 1914 South-West Africa OMEG Rail motor coach No. «Kronprinz» Single Gasoline unknown 600 mm (1 ft 11+5⁄8 in) Summer 1914.[84]
129 km/h (80 mph) 1954-12-15 JNR Tokaido Main Line Japan JNR Class C62 No. C62 17 Loc Steam unknown 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) [85]
127 km/h (79 mph) 1914 Indonesia Staatsspoorwegen SS Class 700 Single Steam Unmod. 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm)[86]

Maglev trains

edit
Speed Date Line Country Train Arr Power State Comments
603 km/h (375 mph) 2015-04-21 Yamanashi Test Track Japan L0 Series Multi AC Proto. Seven-car train set, manned[2]
590 km/h (367 mph) 2015-04-16 Yamanashi Test Track Japan L0 Series Multi AC Proto. Seven-car train set, manned[4]
581 km/h (361 mph) 2003-12-02 Yamanashi Test Track Japan MLX01 Multi AC Proto. Three-car train set. Guinness Book of Records authenticated.[5]
552 km/h (343 mph) 1999-04-14 Yamanashi Test Track Japan MLX01 Multi AC Proto. Five-car train set. Guinness Book of Records authenticated.[citation needed]
501 km/h (311 mph) 2003-11-12 Shanghai Maglev Train China Transrapid SMT Multi AC Unmod. Recorded in 2003 at a test run before the commercial operation in 2004[9]
411.5 km/h (256 mph) 1974-08-14 High Speed Ground Test Center United States LIMRV[14] Single Cable Proto

World fastest point-to-point average speeds in commercial operations

edit

The following are the lists of world record average operating speeds between two stations. The average speeds are measured by the total time and the distance between the two stations.

All commercially operated trains

edit
World record average operating speeds of trains in commercial traffic
Average speed Top speed Train Type Location From To Distance Duration Date from Date to Comments
316.7 km/h (197 mph) 350 km/h (217 mph) Fuxing Hao Single phase China Beijing Nanjing 1,018.6 km (633 mi) 193 min 2018 On Beijing-Shanghai High-Speed Railway[87]
283.7 km/h (176 mph) 300 km/h (310 km/h with +10 tolerance) CRH380A Single phase China Shijiazhuang Zhengzhou 383.0 km (238 mi) 81 min 2010 On Wuhan-Guangzhou High-Speed Railway[88]
279.3 km/h (174 mph) 320 km/h (199 mph) TGV Duplex Single phase France Lorraine TGV Champagne-Ardenne

TGV

167.6 km (104 mi) 36 min 2007 2010 On the LGV Est[89]
263.4 km/h (164 mph) 320 km/h (199 mph) E5 series shinkansen Single phase Japan Ōmiya Sendai 294.1 km (183 mi) 67 min 2011 2017 With the Hayabusa service on the Tohoku Shinkansen line[90]
263.3 km/h (164 mph) 320 km/h (199 mph) TGV Duplex Single phase France Lyon–Saint-Exupéry Airport Aix-en-Provence 289.6 km (180 mi) 66 min 2005 2007 On the LGV Méditerranée[91]
261.8 km/h (163 mph) 300 km/h (186 mph) Nozomi Shinkansen Single phase Japan Hiroshima Kokura 192.0 km (119 mi) 44 min 1997 2005 Operated by 500 Series Shinkansen[91]
249.5 km/h (155 mph) 431 km/h (268 mph) Shanghai Maglev Train AC (Maglev) China Longyang Road Pudong International Airport 29 km (18 mi) 7 minutes 20 seconds 2003 Average and maximum speeds during peak operation 09:00–10:45 and 15:00–15:45[92]
235.8 km/h (147 mph) 310 km/h (193 mph) AVE S-103 Single phase Spain Madrid-Atocha Barcelona-Sants 620.9 km (386 mi) 158 min 2008 On Madrid–Barcelona high-speed rail line
232.4 km/h (144 mph) 300 km/h (186 mph) ICE 3 Single phase Germany Frankfurt Airport Siegburg/Bonn 143.3 km (89 mi) 37 min 2006 On Cologne–Frankfurt high-speed rail line[93]
223.2 km/h (139 mph) 320 km/h (199 mph) Al Boraq Single phase Morocco Tanger-Ville Kenitra-Ville 186 km (116 mi) 50 min 2018 On Casablanca–Tangier high-speed rail line
219.9 km/h (137 mph) 320 km/h (199 mph) Eurostar e300/e320 Single phase United Kingdom, France London St Pancras Paris Gare du Nord 491 km (305 mi) 134 min 2007 On High Speed 1, Channel Tunnel, LGV Nord. On a trip 2007 the train took 124 min, which equals an average of 238.3 km/h (148 mph).[94]
210.8 km/h (131 mph) 300 km/h (186 mph) ETR500, Frecciarossa 1000, ETR575 "Italo" Single phase Italy Milano Centrale Bologna Centrale 214.7 km (133 mi) 61 min 2008 On Milan-Bologna high speed railway
254.3 km/h (158 mph) 300 km/h (186 mph) TGV Single phase France Gare de Lille Europe Charles de Gaulle Airport 203.4 km (126 mi) 48 min 1995 1997 On LGV Interconnexion Est and LGV Nord.[95] Historical
130.4 km/h (81 mph) 161 km/h (100 mph) Morning Hiawatha Steam United States Sparta, Wisconsin Portage, Wisconsin 126.0 km (78 mi) 58 min 1939 1971 78.3 miles (126.0 km) in 58 minutes,[34] Milwaukee Road class F7. Historical
114.8 km/h (71 mph) 148.7 km/h (92 mph) Cheltenham Spa Express Steam United Kingdom Swindon London 124.3 km (77 mi) 65 min 1932 1933 77.25 miles (124.32 km) in 65 minutes. Claimed by the Great Western Railway at the time to be the world's fastest train. Now operated by GWR in 49 minutes with Class 800 Hitachi Intercity Express Train.[96] Historical

See also

edit

References

edit
  1. ^ "French train breaks speed record". CBC News. 3 April 2007. Archived from the original on 4 October 2013. Retrieved 1 October 2013.
  2. ^ a b c "Japan's maglev train breaks world speed record with 600km/h test run". The Guardian. United Kingdom: Guardian News and Media Limited. 21 April 2015. Archived from the original on 6 December 2019. Retrieved 21 April 2015.
  3. ^ Jones, Ben (2021-12-10). "Flying without wings: The world's fastest trains". CNN. Retrieved 2023-09-12.
  4. ^ a b リニア「Ｌ０系」、世界最高の５９０キロ記録 [L0 series maglev sets world speed record of 590 km/h]. Yomiuri Online (in Japanese). Japan: The Yomiuri Shimbunl. 16 April 2015. Archived from the original on 16 April 2015. Retrieved 17 April 2015.
  5. ^ a b リニアが世界最速５９０キロ 長距離走行記録も更新 [Maglev sets new world record of 590 km/h - Also sets new distance record]. Sankei News (in Japanese). Japan: The Sankei Shimbun & Sankei Digital. 16 April 2015. Archived from the original on April 16, 2015. Retrieved 17 April 2015.
  6. ^ a b c "French set new rail speed record". Europe. BBC News. Archived from the original on 19 September 2021. Retrieved 24 April 2015.
  7. ^ à 00h00, Par Marc Lomazzi Le 31 mars 2007 (2007-03-30). "Le TGV bat un nouveau record à 568 km/h". leparisien.fr (in French). Retrieved 2024-08-18.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  8. ^ "TGV Atlantique 325 celebrates the 32nd anniversary of its 515.3 km/h speed record. All you need to know about the record train! | RAILTARGET". www.railtarget.eu. Retrieved 2024-08-18.
  9. ^ a b "Transrapid stellt neuen Weltrekord auf". Handelsblatt. 12 November 2003. Archived from the original on 4 October 2013. Retrieved 8 September 2013.
  10. ^ 柴永強 (2011-01-13). ""唐山造"動車最高速487.3公里 刷新世界紀錄_中國網". Big5.china.com.cn. Archived from the original on 2011-09-27. Retrieved 2012-02-10.
  11. ^ "和谐号CRH380A打破此前的世界铁路最高运营速度纪录_财经频道_新华网". News.xinhuanet.com. 2010-11-30. Archived from the original on December 6, 2010. Retrieved 2012-02-10.
  12. ^ "Avec 482,4 km/h contre 406,4 km/h à son concurrent allemand Le TGV reprend le record du monde" (in French). 1989-12-07. Retrieved 2024-08-18.
  13. ^ a b 강건택. "차세대 고속열차 최고시속 421㎞ 기록". n.news.naver.com (in Korean). Retrieved 2024-08-18.
  14. ^ a b c Johnson, R. D. (1988). "Thoughts at 160 mph". Proceedings of the American Railway Engineering Association. 89: 330–331. Retrieved 2010-09-11.
  15. ^ Willemin, Jean. "30 ans deja!" (PDF). actgv.fr.
  16. ^ Jürgen Hörstel, Marcus Niedt: ICE – Neue Züge für neue Strecken. Orell-Füssli-Verlag, Zürich/ Wiesbaden 1991, ISBN 3-280-01994-X, p. 105–107.
  17. ^ "TGV, quand tu nous tiens!..." fbrisou.free.fr. Retrieved 2024-08-18.
  18. ^ "Due record in prova per il Frecciarossa" (in Italian). Repubblica. 2009-02-04. Archived from the original on 2009-02-06. Retrieved 2009-02-05.
  19. ^ a b c "208mph Eurostar sets UK record". TheGuardian.com. 31 July 2003. Archived from the original on 18 May 2021. Retrieved 18 May 2021.
  20. ^ a b c d "Taurus puts 1955 French speed record holders in the shade". Railway Gazette International. Archived from the original on 14 September 2013. Retrieved 8 September 2013.
  21. ^ a b c "Picture Gallery - Directory: /Pix/Fr/Electric/Dc/9000". Archived from the original on 2020-02-24. Retrieved 2007-06-04.
  22. ^ "Il y a 45 ans, le 1er prototype TGV sortait des ateliers de Belfort". Europe 1 (in French). 2016-10-25. Retrieved 2024-08-18.
  23. ^ "Nuovo record di velocità del treno italiano Etr 500 in Turchia: 303 km/h" (in Italian). Il Sole 24 Ore. 2007-09-14. Archived from the original on 2013-09-27. Retrieved 2012-11-11.
  24. ^ LAMMING, Clive (2023-09-22). "La CC-7121 et son record à 243 km/h et 1954 : les raisons d'un exploit". Train Consultant Clive Lamming (in French). Retrieved 2024-08-18.
  25. ^ a b c Берзин, Артур (2013-11-13). "Обогнавшие судьбу". Гудок. Archived from the original on 2017-12-01. Retrieved 29 October 2015.
  26. ^ a b c Рекордные испытания ТЭП80-0002 05.10.1993.TEP80 world speed record 271 km/h. YouTube. 19 March 2009. Archived from the original on 2021-12-21. Retrieved 24 April 2015.
  27. ^ a b Talgo. "Talgo XXI". talgo.com (in European Spanish). Archived from the original on 2022-10-28. Retrieved 2022-10-28.
  28. ^ a b "Talgo: History". www.talgo.com. Archived from the original on 18 April 2008. Retrieved 2 June 2008.
  29. ^ a b c "Class 43 High-Speed Train, also known as the InterCity 125, is unveiled at National Railway Museum in York". Railway Museum. 11 November 2019. Archived from the original on 11 December 2019. Retrieved 11 December 2019.
  30. ^ a b c "Testing the prototype HST in 1973". traintesting.com. Archived from the original on 15 September 2009. Retrieved 29 April 2009.
  31. ^ a b c Der SVT "Leipzig" 137 234 / 183 251-8" retrieved 21 August 2017.
  32. ^ a b c Ralf Roman Rossberg: Deutsche Eisenbahnfahrzeuge von 1838 bis Heute, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1988, ISBN 978-3-642-95771-0 Seite 128
  33. ^ Andrews, David (2018). "Just How Fast Did Mallard Go?". BackTrack. Vol. 32, no. 8. pp. 472–476.
  34. ^ a b c d e Scribbins, Jim (2007) [1970]. The Hiawatha Story. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press. ISBN 978-0-8166-5003-3.
  35. ^ a b c "Flying Scotsman". Archived from the original on 25 April 2015. Retrieved 24 April 2015.
  36. ^ a b c "Stephenson's 'Rocket' locomotive, 1829". The Science Museum. Archived from the original on 2007-09-18.
  37. ^ a b 柴永強 (2011-01-13). ""唐山造"動車最高速487.3公里 刷新世界紀錄_中國網". Big5.china.com.cn. Archived from the original on 2011-09-27. Retrieved 2012-02-10.
  38. ^ a b "和谐号CRH380A打破此前的世界铁路最高运营速度纪录_财经频道_新华网". News.xinhuanet.com. 2010-11-30. Archived from the original on December 6, 2010. Retrieved 2012-02-10.
  39. ^ "Mallard". Archived from the original on 9 February 1999. Retrieved 24 April 2015.
  40. ^ a b "World Rail Speed Records". Archived from the original on 8 October 2007. Retrieved 24 April 2015.
  41. ^ a b "The Gresley A4 Pacifics". Archived from the original on 20 July 2015. Retrieved 24 April 2015.
  42. ^ Andrews, David (2018). "Just How Fast Did Mallard Go?". Backtrack. 32 (8): 472–476.
  43. ^ "沪杭高铁最高时速再次刷新纪录达416.6公里_新闻中心_新浪网". News.sina.com.cn. Archived from the original on 2012-03-20. Retrieved 2012-02-10.
  44. ^ "First passengers travel on world record train Velaro". Archived from the original on 2007-07-13. Retrieved 2007-07-02.,
  45. ^ "Las pruebas técnicas lograron nuevo récord en España El tren de alta velocidad Velaro E de Siemens superó los 400 km./h". Archived from the original on 2008-09-07. Retrieved 2007-04-17..
  46. ^ "Raggiunto in galleria il record mondiale di velocità di 362 km/h - Notizie - FSNews". Fsnews.it. Archived from the original on 2013-05-14. Retrieved 2012-07-25.
  47. ^ "362km/h Nuovo Record di Velocità Italiano ETR Y1 500 di RFI Alta Velocità FI-BO 3/2/09 (HD)". YouTube. Retrieved 2012-07-25.[dead YouTube link]
  48. ^ "New world record! Siemens locomotive travels 357 kilometers per hour". Archived from the original on 2007-09-30. Retrieved 2007-04-15..
  49. ^ a b c プロトタイプの世界 - Prototype World. Japan: Kōtsū Shimbunsha. December 2005. OCLC 170056962.
  50. ^ a b de:Studiengesellschaft für Elektrische Schnellbahnen
  51. ^ [1] Archived July 15, 2006, at the Wayback Machine
  52. ^ "Transporte Brasileiro - Mobility". Siemens. Archived from the original on 2011-10-02. Retrieved 2012-02-10.
  53. ^ "Gli ETR 200 FS". Interrail.publinet.it. Archived from the original on 2013-02-08. Retrieved 2012-07-25.
  54. ^ "Kein Folientitel" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2012-02-07. Retrieved 2012-02-10.
  55. ^ Hans Dόcker. "Die Geschichte der Elektrolokomotive". E94114.de. Archived from the original on 2021-04-29. Retrieved 2012-02-10.
  56. ^ "Trains_Electroliner2" (PDF). www.mth-railking.com. November 1982. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 28, 2011. Retrieved November 26, 2024.
  57. ^ John D. Horachek (November 1982), "The Electroliner Legend -2 "We have never done better than this"" (PDF), Trains Magazine: 48–58, archived (PDF) from the original on 2011-09-28, retrieved 2023-06-06
  58. ^ "Class 442 Feature - The Early Years". extra.southernelectric.org.uk.
  59. ^ "Maximum speed on 750V DC third rail routes | RailUK Forums".
  60. ^ "Birmingham Centre for Railway Research and Education - University of Birmingham" (PDF). Railway.bham.ac.uk. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2008-09-12. Retrieved 2012-02-10.
  61. ^ Middleton, William D. (1961). The Interurban Era. Milwaukee, WI: Kalmbach Publishing. ISBN 978-0-89024-003-8. OCLC 4357897 – via Archive.org. p.147
  62. ^ "nycsubway.org: R-44 (St. Louis, 1971-1973)". www.nycsubway.org. Retrieved 2023-11-26.
  63. ^ "New York City Transit Facts & Figures: 1979" (PDF). NYCTA-Facts-1979. Metropolitan Transportation Authority, New York City Transit Authority. 1979. p. 18. Retrieved 2023-11-25.
  64. ^ Barry, Keith. "From Simple Steam to Burly Turbines: 150 Years of Great American Trains". WIRED. Retrieved 24 February 2014.
  65. ^ "Mallard". Archived from the original on 9 February 1999. Retrieved 24 April 2015.
  66. ^ "05 002 v Mallard. Notes on the data of the record runs: (1) 05 002". Archived from the original on 2017-12-07. Retrieved 2015-07-15.
  67. ^ Kendall, H G (September 1960). "What Happened Was This...". The Railway Magazine. p. 656.
  68. ^ "The Railway Record". Buffalo Courier. Buffalo, NY. April 18, 1896. p. 7. Archived from the original on November 11, 2019. Retrieved November 11, 2019 – via Newspapers.com. Average speed 72.92 miles an hour. Maximum speed 92.3 miles an hour.  
  69. ^ a b c Green-Hughes, Evan (November 2012). "Record Breakers". Hornby Magazine. No. 65. Hersham: Ian Allan Publishing. pp. 108–111. ISSN 1753-2469. OCLC 226087101.
  70. ^ "Speed". Archived from the original on 2006-07-20. Retrieved 2007-01-28.
  71. ^ "GREAT SPEED Off THE CENTRAL.; Empire State Express Engine Travels at the Rate of 112 1-2 Miles an Hour" (PDF). New York Times. 1893-05-12. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-02-01. Retrieved 2007-12-13.
  72. ^ Rattenbury, Gordon; Lewis, M. J. T. (2004). Merthyr Tydfil Tramroads and their Locomotives. Oxford: Railway & Canal Historical Society. ISBN 0-901461-52-0.
  73. ^ "Devil gets up steam for dirty work". 15 February 2007. Archived from the original on 23 December 2022. Retrieved 23 December 2022.
  74. ^ "Lux's type collection - High Speed Trains - record runs". Boris-lux.de. Archived from the original on 2021-05-11. Retrieved 2012-02-10.
  75. ^ [2] Archived August 14, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
  76. ^ [3] Archived January 15, 2006, at the Wayback Machine
  77. ^ "Opel". Astronautix.com. Archived from the original on 2012-05-03. Retrieved 2012-02-10.
  78. ^ "Opel-RAK". Daviddarling.info. Archived from the original on 2018-10-20. Retrieved 2012-02-10.
  79. ^ "Speed Record Club". Speed Record Club. Archived from the original on 2012-02-11. Retrieved 2012-02-10.
  80. ^ [4] Archived June 15, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
  81. ^ "Pantograph testing in South Africa". Traintesting.com. Archived from the original on 2012-02-09. Retrieved 2012-02-10.
  82. ^ "World's fastest on narrow tracks". The Sydney Morning Herald. 17 November 2004. Archived from the original on 6 December 2018. Retrieved 28 June 2017.
  83. ^ a b YouTube. Retrieved 24 April 2015.[dead YouTube link]
  84. ^ a b Shaw 1958 p.47
  85. ^ Tetsudō Daiya Jōhō magazine, November 2008 issue, p.61
  86. ^ Oegema, J. J. G. (1982). De Stoomtractie op Java en Sumatra. Deventer-Antwerpen: Kluwer Technische Boeken. ISBN 978-90-201-1520-8.
  87. ^ "g17 train schedule | Train times, fares & tickets | Ctrip". english.ctrip.com. Archived from the original on 2018-06-12. Retrieved 2018-05-23.
  88. ^ DVV Media Group GmbH. "World Speed Survey 2013: China sprints out in front". rwg. Archived from the original on 26 June 2018. Retrieved 24 April 2015.
  89. ^ "Railway Gazette International World Speed Survey 2007" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-07-31. Retrieved 2007-09-06.
  90. ^ "Timetable for Tohoku Shinkansen". www.eki-net.com. Archived from the original on 2018-07-26. Retrieved 2018-07-29.
  91. ^ a b "World Speed Survey 2005: France regains rail's blue riband". Railway Gazette. DVV Media. Archived from the original on 2017-07-22. Retrieved 2018-02-15.
  92. ^ Train Info. Archived 2015-02-17 at the Wayback Machine, Shanghai Airport Transportation maglev reference
  93. ^ schedule data from bahn.de
  94. ^ "Premiere Paris-London: Eurostar hat neuen Geschwindigkeits-Rekord aufgestellt". Der Spiegel. 4 September 2007. Archived from the original on 25 November 2022. Retrieved 25 November 2022.
  95. ^ UK, DVV Media. "World Speed Survey 1997". Railway Gazette. Archived from the original on 2018-02-16. Retrieved 2018-02-15.
  96. ^ "GWR timetable transformation means faster journeys, more seats and extra services". Swindon Advertiser. Archived from the original on 2019-10-09. Retrieved 2020-05-19.
edit
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Railway_speed_record&oldid=1259935114"