Catunaregam spinosa

Mountain pomegranate
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Asterids
Order:	Gentianales
Family:	Rubiaceae
Genus:	Catunaregam
Species:	C. spinosa
Binomial name
	Catunaregam spinosa; Thunb., Tirveng.
Synonyms
	Canthium chinense Pers.; Canthium coronatum Lam.; Canthium spinosum (Thunb.) J.St.-Hil.; Catunaregam brandisii Kottaim.; Ceriscus malabaricus Gaertn.; Gardenia dumetorum Retz.; Gardenia dumosa Salisb.; Gardenia floribunda Roxb.; Gardenia glabra R.Br. ex Wall.; Gardenia latifolia Schltdl. ex Hook.f.; Gardenia spinosa L.f.; Gardenia spinosa Thunb.; Gardenia stipularis Rottler; Genipa dumetorum (Retz.) Baill.; Narega coduva Raf.; Posoqueria dumetorum (Retz.) Willd. ex Roxb.; Posoqueria floribunda Roxb.; Randia brandisii Gamble; Randia dumetorum (Retz.) Poir.; Randia floribunda (Roxb.) DC.; Randia lachnosiphonium Hochst.; Randia oxypetala Lindl.; Randia rottleri Wight & Arn.; Randia spinosa (Thunb.) Poir.; Randia stipulosa Miq.; Randia tomentosa Wight & Arn.; Randia uniflora Regel; Solena dumetorum (Retz.) D.Dietr.; Solena floribunda (Roxb.) D.Dietr.; Solena longispina D.Dietr.; Solena nutans D.Dietr.; Xeromphis retzii Raf.; Xeromphis spinosa (Thunb.) Keay;

Catunaregam spinosa, the mountain pomegranate, is a flowering plant in the family Rubiaceae, found in South Asia and other Asian countries. Almost all parts of the plant are used as a traditional medicine in Ayurveda and fruits have been reported to be used in medicine as well as in food. Various flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, lignans, terpenoids, and volatile oils have been reported from this plant. Several studies have reported the modern pharmaceutical activities of C. spinosa such as piscicidal, molluscicidal, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic,^[2] and antihyperlipidemic activities ^[3]

Culture

Known as "කුකුරුමාන් - kukuruman" in Sinhala,"karai"(காரை) in Tamil and "Madanphal or Mainphal" in Nepali.
Known as "Manga/Manga Tree"(మంగ/మంగచెట్టు and పిండీతకము) in Telugu speaking regions of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. మంగ used to be a commonly held first name for many women in this region. There were films like Mangamma Sapatham, Mangamma gari Manavaraalu, Mangamma gaari manavadu, ganga manga, and many local plays with the name మంగ given to the female protagonist.
Known as "गेळफळ" (gelphal) or "पहील्या दिवशीचे फळ", translating as "first days flower" (as it appears white at first) and next day when it turns yellow it called "second days flower" (दुसर्या दिवशीचे फळ) in Marathi.
The Lepcha of Sikkim call it rung gaong koong.^[4]

^ "Catunaregam spinosa (Thunb.) Tirveng. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science".
^ Timalsina, Deepak; Bhusal, Deepti; Devkota, Hari; Pokhrel, Krishna; Sharma, Khaga (2021). "α-Amylase Inhibitory Activity of Catunaregam spinosa (Thunb.) Tirveng.: In Vitro and In Silico Studies". Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2021: 1–11. doi:10.1155/2021/4133876. PMC 8687831. PMID 34938807.
^ Timalsina, Deepak; Devkota, Hari; Bhusal, Deepti; Sharma, Khaga (2021). "Catunaregam spinosa (Thunb.) Tirveng: A Review of Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, Pharmacological Activities, and Toxicological Aspects". BioMed Research International. 2021: 1–10. doi:10.1155/2021/3257732. PMC 8413030. PMID 34484388.
^ Tamsang, K.P. (1980). The Lepcha-English Encyclopaedic Dictionary. Kalimpong: Mrs. Mayel Clymit Tamsang. p. 747. ISBN 9632535979.

"Catunaregam spinosa | Species | India Biodiversity Portal". indiabiodiversity.org. Retrieved 2014-08-31.
"Catunaregam spinosa - Mountain Pomegranate". flowersofindia.net. Retrieved 2014-08-31.
"Catunaregam spinosa (Thunb.) Tirveng. — The Plant List". theplantlist.org. Retrieved 2014-08-31.
Kulakkattolickal, Augusthy Thevasia (1989). "Piscicidal plants of Nepal: Ripe fruit of Catunaregam spinosa (Thunb.) (Rubiaceae) and leaves of Polygonum hydropiper L. (Polygonaceae) as fish poisons". Aquaculture. 78 (3–4): 293–301. doi:10.1016/0044-8486(89)90107-5.
Dressler, S.; Schmidt, M. & Zizka, G. (2014). "Catunaregam spinosa". African plants – a Photo Guide. Frankfurt/Main: Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg.

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