Raphia frater

Raphia frater, the brother moth or simply the brother, is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is found from Nova Scotia west, across the forested regions of Canada to British Columbia, south to Mississippi in the east. The southern limits in the west are uncertain due to confusion with several closely related species or forms.

Raphia frater
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Lepidoptera
Superfamily:	Noctuoidea
Family:	Noctuidae
Genus:	Raphia
Species:	R. frater
Binomial name
Raphia frater Grote, 1864
Synonyms
Raphia personata (Walker, 1865) Certila flexuosa Walker, 1865 Raphia frater var. coloradensis Putnam-Cramer, 1886 Raphia pallula H. Edwards, 1886 Raphia cinderella Smith, 1903 Raphia elbea Smith, 1908 Raphia piazzi Hill, 1927

Geographic distribution and phenotypic variation of Raphia frater subspecies: green – subsp. piazzi; pink – subsp. abrupta; black – subsp. frater; blue – subsp. coloradensis; yellow – subsp. cinderella. Multi-coloured circles indicate transitional populations and/or phenotypically intermediate specimens between respective subspecies. a R. f. piazzi; b R. f. abrupta; c R. f. abrupta; d R. f. abrupta; e R. f. abrupta; f, g R. f. frater; h R. f. abrupta – frater intermediate i R. f. abrupta – frater – coloradensis intermediate from highly variable population in Cherry Co., NE; j R. f. coloradensis; k R. f. coloradensis; l R. f. coloradensis; m R. f. coloradensis; n R. f. cinderella; o, p R. f. coloradensis – frater intermediates; q R. f. elbea; r R. f. elbea; s R. f. elbea. All specimens are males.

The wingspan is 38–44 mm. Adults are on wing from April or May to August. There is one or two generations per year.

The larvae mainly feed on aspen, but have also been recorded from alder, birch, cottonwood, and willow.

Subspecies

• Raphia frater frater (Prairie Provinces, in the east south of the Great Lakes region into Pennsylvania, Ohio and Indiana; In the West, it occurs south along mid-elevation mountain ranges of the Pacific Northwest into Washington, and southward along the Rocky Mountains. Specimens from high elevations in Colorado and New Mexico)
• Raphia frater abrupta Grote, 1864 (Maryland, Oklahoma and Texas)
• Raphia frater cinderella Smith, 1903 (central and southern California west of the Sierra Nevada)
• Raphia frater coloradensis Putnam-Cramer, 1886 (from British Columbia, south in the mountains to at least Colorado and Utah and northeast to southern Alberta)
• Raphia frater elbea Smith, 1908 (from south-eastern Utah and western New Mexico southward through Arizona into northern Mexico)
• Raphia frater piazzi Hill, 1927 (central and southern Texas)

External links

• Images
• Robinson, E. & Schmidt, B. C. "Species Details Raphia frater". University of Alberta Museums. E.H. Strickland Entomological Museum. Retrieved November 9, 2020.