"Rasa Sayang" (pronounced [ˈrasa 'sajaŋ], literally "loving feeling") is a folk song from the Malay Archipelago,[1][2][3][4] popular in Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore. The basis of "Rasa Sayang" is similar to Dondang Sayang and Malay folk songs, which take their form from the pantun, a traditional ethnic Malay poetic form.[5]
| "Rasa Sayang" | |
|---|---|
| Song | |
| Language | Malay |
| English title | Rasa Sayang |
| Genre | |
Lyrics
edit| Malay lyrics[6][7][8] | English translation | Poetic English Translation |
|---|---|---|
|
Rasa sayang, hey! Buah cempedak di luar pagar, Pulau pandan jauh ke tengah, Dua tiga kucing berlari, Pisang emas dibawa berlayar, |
I've got that loving feeling, hey! The cempedak fruit is outside the fence, Pandan Island far in midst, Two or three cats are running around, Pisang emas brought on a sailing trip, |
I've got that loving feeling, hey! Where cempedak tree grows without the fence, The Pandan Island is far from land, Two or three cats are running around, With golden plantains sail away, |
Because this song is in pantun form, for each quatrain, there is no relevance of the first two lines to the message conveyed by the last two except to provide the rhyming scheme. There are a number of versions of the lyrics of "Rasa Sayang", but it usually starts with this refrain:
- Rasa sayang, hey!
- Rasa sayang-sayang hey,
- Lihat nona dari jauh,
- Rasa sayang-sayang, hey
The refrain is then followed by a wide variety of popular Malay pantun.
- Malay version
Rasa sayang hey
Rasa sayang sayang hey
Hey lihat nona jauh,
Rasa sayang sayang
Kalau ada sumur di ladang
Boleh kita menumpang mandi
Kalau ada umur yang panjang
Boleh kita bertemu lagi
Controversy
editControversy over the song's provenance came to a head in 2007 when the Malaysian Tourism Board released the Rasa Sayang Commercial, an advertisement used as part of Malaysia's "Truly Asia" tourism campaign.[9] Some Indonesians have accused Malaysia of heritage theft. Indonesian news sites reported that it is a song of the Maluku Islands, that it has appeared in early Indonesian films and recordings,[10] and that the songwriter was a Moluccan teacher born in 1907 by the name of Paulus Pea.[11] Around a thousand Indonesians demonstrated outside the Malaysian embassy in Jakarta in November 2007 to protest the use of "Rasa Sayang" and other cultural items such as Reog Ponorogo in such adverts.[12] In order to prevent what they considered cultural appropriation, the Indonesian government started making an inventory of such songs as cultural properties of the country.[10]
Malaysia in turn argued that the song is widely sung throughout the Malay Archipelago, and that it belongs to people of archipelago, Malaysians and Indonesians alike.[13] In cases where people have been migrating, trading and intermingling for centuries in a region, it may be difficult to make claim of cultural property.[14] Malaysian Tourism Minister Adnan Mansor stated, "It is a folk song from the Nusantara (Malay Archipelago) and we are part of the Nusantara.".[9] The Malaysian Minister of Culture, Arts and Heritage, Rais Yatim, recognize that Rasa Sayange is a shared property, between Indonesia and Malaysia.[15]
Early recordings and uses
editIndonesian media reported on November 11, 2007 that an early recording of the song has been found.[16] "Rasa Sayange" is known to have been recorded in 1962 by the Lokananta Solo record company. It was one of the Indonesian folk songs included in an LP distributed as souvenir to participants of the 4th Asian Games in 1962 held in Jakarta, along with other Indonesian ethnic songs such as Cheers for Joy, O Ina ni Keke, and Sengko Dainang.[17][16]
The song was used in a number of films before 1962. In 1959, a comedy film in Malay language titled Rasa Sayang Eh was produced by Cathay Keris in Singapore.[18] The song also appeared in the 1943 Japanese film Marai no Tora, which depicted the exploits of a Japanese secret agent Tani Yutaka in Malaya during the World War II.[19]
In 1954 and 1950, "Rasa Sayange" was used in the soundtracks of Indonesian films Lewat Djam Malam and Darah dan Doa directed by Usmar Ismail.[citation needed] This song was also used earlier in a promotional film made about the Dutch East Indies now (Indonesia). This film, titled Insulinde zooals het leeft en werkt (transl. Insulindia as It Lives and Works), used silent footage filmed in the Dutch East Indies in the 1920s by Willy Mullens but with sound added later, was released perhaps in 1941.[20] The tune of "Rasa Sayang" can be heard in the film.[21] The original footage of this film is stored in the Gedung Arsip Nasional, Jakarta and other museums.[10] A further film also existed under the title Insulinde (1925) which was directed by Max Hauschild, but it is described as a silent film.[22][better source needed]
In 1959, the Cantonese version of this song came out as a song from the film The Merdeka Bridge featuring Patricia Lam Fung (林鳳), but was actually sung by Chan Wai-ling 陳慧玲(also known as Chan Fung-sin 陳鳯仙), namely 任你抱我 (You Can Hug Me Whenever You Want); the lyricist was Ng Yat-siu 吳一嘯. In 1970, the song recorded in Mandarin but retains "Rasa Sayange" (traditional Chinese: 拉薩薩喲; simplified Chinese: 拉萨萨哟; pinyin: Lāsà Sàyō) by Taiwanese singer Teresa Teng.[23]
The song "Rasa Sayang" was chosen as one of the background songs for a British documentary film in Malaya in 1938, known as FIVE FACES." This is the earliest recorded version of the song "Rasa Sayang."[24][25]
See also
edit
References
edit- ^ Jonathan H. X. Lee & Kathleen M. Nadeau (2010). Encyclopedia of Asian American Folklore and Folklife. ABC-CLIO. pp. 769. ISBN 978-0-313-35066-5.
- ^ Lim, Shirley Geok-lin; Smith, Larry E.; Dissanayake, Wimal, eds. (1999). Transnational Asia Pacific: Gender, Culture, and the Public Sphere. University of Illinois Press. p. 122. ISBN 978-0-252-06809-6.
- ^ Iwabuchi, Koichi; Muecke, Stephen; Thomas, Mandy, eds. (2004). Rogue Flows: Trans-Asian Cultural Traffic. University of Washington Press. p. 105. ISBN 978-962-209-699-8.
- ^ Gerwyn Elidor David Lewis (1992). Out East in the Malay Peninsula. OUP South East Asia. p. 142. ISBN 978-967-65-1594-0.
- ^ Brakel, L.F.; Balfas, M.; Bin Osman, M. Taib; Gonda, J.; Rangkuti, B.; Lumbera, B.; Kahler, H. (1976). Handbuch der Orientalistik: Literaturen, Abschn. 1. Leiden, Netherlands: Brill Academic Publishers. p. 135. ISBN 90-04-04331-4.
- ^ "The Rasa Sayang Song". Rasa Sayang USA. Archived from the original on 2010-04-08. Retrieved 2010-08-20.
- ^ "Koleksi Lirik Lagu Rakyat". Imnogman. Retrieved 2016-05-30.
- ^ "Pantun Rumpun Melayu". Retrieved 2016-05-30.
- ^ a b "Folk song sparks row between Indonesia, Malaysia." Tourism Indonesia. 3 October 2007.
- ^ a b c "Malaysia Merebut Kekayaan Indonesia". Liputan6.com (in Indonesian). 2007-10-28. Retrieved 2020-07-11.
- ^ "Paulus Pea Diyakini Pencipta Lagu Rasa Sayange". detiknews (in Indonesian). 2007-10-04. Retrieved 2023-12-30.
- ^ Ying Chan Ho (2018). Special Relationship in the Malay World. ISEAS Yusof Ishak Institute. p. 357. ISBN 9789814818179 – via Google Books.
- ^ "'Rasa Sayang' belongs to everybody, says minister". The Star. 12 January 2008. Retrieved 21 January 2008.
- ^ Gillespie, John; Peerenboom, Randall (2009). Regulation in Asia: Pushing Back on Globalization. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 9781135249144 – via Google Books.
- ^ "Malaysia Akhirnya Akui Rasa Sayange Milik Bersama". antaranews.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2020-07-11.
- ^ a b "Ditemukan Bukti Lagu "Rasa Sayange" Asli Indonesia". Tempo.co (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2020-07-08.
- ^ "Pemusik Maluku Bahas Lagu Rasa Sayange dengan Gubenur". Detik.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2020-05-20.
- ^ Rasa Sayang Eh, Singapore Film Locations Archive, 7 February 2015, retrieved 2020-07-11
- ^ "Tiger of Malaya": The Body Remembers What the Archive Cannot, Asian Arts Media Roundtable, 27 September 2018, retrieved 2020-07-11
- ^ Insulinde zoals het leeft en werkt. Eye Filmmuseum. Event occurs at 05:00–05:40 – via YouTube.
- ^ Rasa sayang sayange dalam film Belanda.
- ^ "Insulinde (1925) - IMDb". IMDb. Retrieved 14 August 2020.
- ^ "鄧麗君* – 花的夢 談情時候". Retrieved 2024-01-01.
- ^ The oldest Lagu Rasa Sayang recorded (1938)
- ^ FIVE FACES OF MALAYA