Wikipedia

Parasite (comics)

(Redirected from Raymond Maxwell Jensen)
For the manga series, see Parasyte.

Parasite is the name of several supervillains appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. Each iteration of the character has the ability to temporarily absorb the life force, attributes, memories, and superpowers of anyone through physical touch.[2] The most well-known and recurring incarnation is Rudy Jones, who has become one of Superman's most enduring enemies and belongs to the collective of adversaries that make up his rogues gallery. In 2009, Parasite was ranked as IGN's 61st Greatest Comic Book Villain of All Time.[3]

Parasite
The Rudy Jones version of Parasite as seen on the cover of Superman #684.
Art by Alex Ross.
Publication information
PublisherDC Comics
First appearance
Created by
In-story information
Alter ego
  • Raymond Maxwell Jensen
  • Rudolph "Rudy" Jones
  • Alex & Alexandra Allston
  • Joshua Michael Allen
SpeciesMetahuman
Team affiliations
Abilities(All):

(Jones):

The Rudy Jones incarnation of the Parasite has been substantially adapted from the comics into multiple forms of media, most notably in the DC Animated Universe's Superman: The Animated Series and Justice League as well as the live-action TV series Smallville and Supergirl, portrayed by Brendan Fletcher and William Mapother respectively. Additionally, Raymond Jensen and Alexandra Allston, Ally Allston, appear in Supergirl and Superman & Lois, portrayed by Anthony Konechny and Rya Kihlstedt respectively.

Publication history

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The Raymond Maxwell Jenson version of the Parasite first appeared in Action Comics #340 (August 1966) and was created by Jim Shooter.[4]

Shooter, who began working for DC at age 13, says that his inspiration for the villain was learning about parasites in his ninth-grade biology class.[5]

The Rudy Jones version of the Parasite first appeared in Firestorm (vol. 2) #58 and was created by John Ostrander and Joe Brozowski.

The Alex and Andrea Allston versions of the Parasite first appeared in The Adventures of Superman #633 and were created by Greg Rucka, Matthew Clark, and Andrew Lanning.

The Joshua Allen version of the New 52 Parasite first appeared in Superman (vol. 3) #23.4 and was created by Aaron Kuder.

Fictional character biography

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Raymond Jensen

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Cover to Action Comics #340, art by Curt Swan

In the Pre-Crisis, Raymond Maxwell Jensen was a lowlife who got a job as a plant worker for a research center.[6] Wrongly believing that the company payrolls were hidden in storage containers, Jensen opened one and was bombarded with energies from biohazard materials (which was actually waste collected by Superman when he traveled into outer space), which transformed him into a purple-skinned, parasitic entity, and thus he became the Parasite.[7] Any time he touched someone, he could absorb their physical and mental properties. Touching Superman would instantly absorb a sizable fraction of his superhuman powers (it was established early on that he is not capable of acquiring the whole of Superman's powers).[8] On one occasion, while attempting to absorb a greater portion of his adversary's powers than previously, his body disintegrated for a period of time due to the pressure in his cells. Despite these abilities, the Parasite became depressed because he could no longer embrace his wife and children.[9] The Parasite made a number of reappearances before the Crisis, yet he never successfully found a means to permanently defeat Superman.[10] Despite this, he had knowledge of his foe's alter ego and often used this to attack Clark Kent. Gaining sizable intellect from his multiple encounters with Superman, the Parasite devised the means to reanimate dormant plant remains left behind from the Earth-Two supervillain Solomon Grundy, creating a newer and stronger version of the creature to plague his adversary. On another occasion, the Parasite devised the means to transfer the powers of the hero Air Wave to the young hero's adversary Casey Jones temporarily.[11]

The eventual fate of the Pre-Crisis version of the Parasite is briefly mentioned in the beginning of Superman: Whatever Happened to the Man of Tomorrow?, where Lois Lane talks about the fates of the various Superman villains. The Parasite is dead, having died while fighting his occasional partner-in-crime Terra-Man in what Lane refers to a "clash of egos". Terra-Man is killed in the battle as well.

Rudy Jones

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Originally a menial slacker in the Post-Crisis, Rudolph "Rudy" Jones was transformed into the Parasite while working as a janitor at a Pittsburgh S.T.A.R. Labs facility. Unknown to anyone at the scene, the Lord of Apokolips, Darkseid, remembered the Pre-Crisis Parasite and manipulated Jones to become the modern version. He made Rudy think that a waste container might have held something valuable. He opened it and was exposed to strange radiation that changed his body into the hairless, purple-skinned villain. Jones now had the ability to absorb the life energy of other people, leaving behind smoldering skeletons. This power was necessary for his survival, as his own body is in a constant state of hunger for energy that it cannot sustain on its own. During this time, Martin Stein, one half of the Firestorm Matrix (Ronnie Raymond being the other half) learned he was dying and decided to destroy all the nuclear weapons in the world. This did not sit well with Earth's governments, particularly the United States, who sent the Suicide Squad to Times Square where Firestorm was holding a press conference. Things quickly got out of control as the Squad and the Justice League, both intent on subduing Firestorm, fought one another, and the Parasite (who was brought on the mission against the protests of both Amanda Waller and Colonel Rick Flag Jr.) is released. He goes on a rampage and apparently kills Multiplex, only being brought under control by the cooperation of both teams. Later, he attacked the new Firestorm who easily subdued him and left him near death.

During one of his stints at Belle Reve Prison, doctors attempted to make him human again. Despite their intentions, the doctors only managed to change his skin color to the more familiar purple and also inadvertently increased his absorption power, enabling him to feed on other forms of energy, such as electricity and heat.[12] After a number of years, the Parasite became involved in the plot to save Superman from overloading on solar energy. Rudy and Superman battled on the moon where Superman uncontrollably unleashed an immense blast of heat vision that the Parasite absorbed, causing him to mutate even further into a huge, hulking monster with teeth resembling a leech's.[13] This mutation again increased Rudy's draining abilities, allowing him to absorb fast-moving objects' inertia, as well as making him impervious to telepathic attack to an unknown extent, since he could now drain energy through a mental link as he displayed when Dubbilex telepathically attacked him. His extra size and power did have a downside, however; he needed to absorb more energy more frequently to stay alive.[14]

 
Cover to Action Comics#715, art by Kieron Dwyer

Unfortunately for a scientist who was tending to Rudy during one of his terms of imprisonment, he was tricked by Lex Luthor and somehow absorbed into the Parasite. This joining was different from Rudy's others as, apparently due to unspecified modifications to Rudy's physiology during this stint at S.T.A.R. Labs (although some sources speculate that the scientist's strength of character contributed to his 'survival'), he actually retained the scientist, Dr. Torval Freeman, as a part of his own mind. This combined intelligence made the Parasite even more menacing, given Freeman's superior intellect; however, just as the Parasite was about to finish off Superman (who he had drained almost to death), Superman was taken by the Tribunal and Dr. Freeman's wife intervened, convincing the Dr. Freeman persona to leave the Parasite (along with Dr. Freeman's body); after this, Rudy Jones' personality was back in control.[15] He is later recruited by Morgan Edge to be part of the second Superman Revenge Squad. After Superman's powers were converted into energy-based ones, the Parasite returned to see what he could absorb from the Man of Steel. At this point in time, Superman was not in full control of what was happening with his powers and nearly killed the Parasite.[16] Later, the Parasite returned once again to make trouble for Superman, but found himself facing off against Supergirl instead, absorbing some of her new angelic powers and nearly killing himself due to the 'divine judgment' of Supergirl's new 'wings'.

At one point, Rudy was contracted to help drain off a being named the Strange Visitor's excess electromagnetic energy, as she could not fully control it. This exposure to the Strange Visitor's power caused the Parasite to mutate again, giving him the ability to fully and permanently retain the intellects of all of his victims and also allowed him to maintain any stolen energy for up to 24 hours. Like Torval Freeman, Rudy also absorbed an unknown shapeshifter into his biology, granting him the permanent power to mimic the exact genetic makeup and appearance of his victims.[17]

After he later escaped from S.T.A.R. Labs in the early 2000s, the Parasite began to form a plan to get back at Superman. He began stalking Lois Lane and Jimmy Olsen in an attempt to get to those closest to Superman. The Parasite had taken the form of one of his previous victims, an old man, and was run down in the pandemonium that evening when Lois came to his aid. Not realizing that she was actually in contact with the Parasite, a simple touch was all Rudy needed to get her knowledge of Superman. Rudy was surprised to learn from Lois Superman's secret identity. A new plan formed when he realized how close Superman actually was to Lois; the Parasite decided to take her place and tear him down emotionally by pretending to be a scorned Lois Lane, apparently even having an affair with Luthor in the process. When Clark attempted to confront Lois about her recent distance from him, in a fit of rage uncharacteristic of Lois Lane, Rudy punched Clark out of their apartment and into the streets of Metropolis. Shortly after this display, Superman got the Parasite to reveal himself in the guise of Lois Lane. Rudy could not handle the fact that anyone other than himself as the Parasite took down the Man of Steel. Just as the Parasite was about to lay the final blow to an exhausted Superman, Rudy drops, completely crippled by Kryptonite poisoning he had drained from Superman, unbeknownst to either Rudy or Clark. Superman finally realized the reason he has felt so weak recently was because he was being constantly drained by the Parasite and also the victim of the mysterious Kryptonite poisoning. When he asked Rudy how long he had pretended to be Lois, the Parasite related his story to the Man of Steel. In his final moments, he tells Superman that he still needed to have contact with Lois once every 24 hours to maintain his charade, confirming that she is still alive. He also told him that Lois loves him more deeply than he could ever know, and loves him in a way that nobody ever loved the Parasite. The Parasite died before he could tell Superman where Lois was imprisoned (Superman (vol. 2) #157). Although Superman initially tried to investigate himself, his efforts were hampered by a bout of Kryptonite poisoning, and Steel was forced to contact Batman to help in the investigation. Accompanied by Superman, Batman tracked a spree of recent disappearances to the Parasite's hiding place, during which Superman gained a new insight into Batman's methods and actions, and Lois was soon found alive by the two heroes. Lex Luthor, with whom it is implied the Parasite had engaged in amorous, "extramarital" activity while in Lois' form,[18] was infuriated when he learned of the Parasite's schemes. As such, Luthor went to great efforts to obtain the Parasite's remains.

In Justice League of America (vol. 2) #2, the Parasite is found to be holed up in St. Roch, Louisiana, where he uses his power-absorbing abilities to temporarily neutralize the powers of villains for a fee so they might evade detection during the course of criminal efforts.

In Action Comics Annual #10, a headshot of the Parasite was seen as part of "Superman's Top 10 Most Wanted" that bore a resemblance to the version seen in Justice. This version of the Parasite later appeared in Action Comics #759 wearing the Superman: The Animated Series-inspired costume the Parasite wore circa 2000, and is later seen as a member of the new Injustice League. It has not yet been revealed if this Parasite is the same that appeared in Justice League of America (vol. 2) #2, but he has been revealed to be a resurrected Rudy Jones by Lex Luthor in Superman: Last Son.

He can be seen as a member of Libra's Secret Society of Super Villains.

In the New Krypton storyline where 100,000 Kryptonian refugees are freed from the bottle city of Kandor, the Kandorians decide to take it upon themselves to eliminate Superman's enemies. A group of Kandorians break the Parasite out of prison, killing several prison guards in the process and imprison the Parasite in the Phantom Zone.[19] Superman freed the Parasite so he could be taken to Belle Reve, but the Parasite escaped.[20]

The 2009-10 miniseries Superman: Secret Origin redefines the Parasite's origin. In this version, Rudy Jones is a janitor at the Daily Planet. One day, Lex Luthor chooses Rudy as part of a daily "LexCorp Lottery" in which he selects one person from the crowd formed outside the LexCorp building to provide them with a new life. Inside LexCorp, Rudy eats a donut which had been accidentally spilled with a purple toxic material (revealed in issue #5 to have been produced by extracting the radiation from Kryptonite). This transforms him into the Parasite, subsequently going on a rampage in Metropolis until he is stopped by Superman. He was last seen in issue #5 to be in a holding cell in LexCorp tower, having been seen by both Lex and Lois Lane's father, General Sam Lane.

In 2016, DC Comics implemented another relaunch of its books called "DC Rebirth", which restored its continuity to a form much as it was prior to "The New 52". Parasite was seen sucking electricity from the power station until Superman arrives. Not wanting Superman's help, Parasite loses his power after the power station explodes and gets away. Parasite later tries to drain the energy from the hospital generators. Superman was able to subdue Parasite on the Moon.[21]

Parasite was shown to have befriended Metallo at some point.[22]

During the "Dark Nights: Death Metal" storyline, Parasite was with the other Superman villains when they witnessed the rampage of a version of Superman called Last Sun.[23] He later joins the Suicide Squad.[24]

During the "Dawn of DC" event, Parasite reforms, gets a job at Supercorp, and is given a special wristband that supplies him with energy. He also develops the ability to create progressively smaller duplicates of himself and adopts one of them as a pet.[25]

Alex and Alexandra Allston

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Cover to The Adventures of Superman #635, art by J.H. Williams III

After the villain Ruin (who was secretly Professor Hamilton) performed some experiments, two new Parasites debuted, one purple, the other green. The two new Parasites were teenagers named Alex (the green Parasite) and Alexandra (the purple Parasite) who wanted to seek vengeance on the people who made their lives difficult. They were soon subdued by Superman after a battle.[26]

After attempting to escape from a metahuman prison, Alex was killed by an OMAC while his sister Alexandra escaped and joined the Secret Society of Super Villains under Alexander Luthor Jr. (who was posing as Lex Luthor).[27]

She is later one of the villains sent to retrieve the Get Out of Hell Free card from the Secret Six.[28]

Joshua Allen

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In 2011, The New 52 rebooted the DC Comics universe. Joshua Michael Allen was a misanthropic delivery boy who was caught in the middle of a battle between Superman and a giant parasite. Allen snapped and attacked the creature, electrocuting it and himself with a live wire. While at Star Labs to check his health from the encounter, their testing transformed him into a creature who constantly feels hunger for energy he obtains from people, leaving their molded skeletons. Tired of this kind of life, he tried to commit suicide and was rescued by Superman, from whom Allen absorbed energy like never before. This eased the pain and hunger he experienced, until his energy was depleted. Allen was imprisoned in Belle Reve.[29][30]

During the "Forever Evil" storyline, Allen escaped and joined the Crime Syndicate of America's version of the Secret Society of Super Villains.[31] The Parasite is defeated by an overload of energy.[32]

Allen was later forced into the Suicide Squad.[33]

Powers and abilities

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All incarnations of the Parasite have the ability to temporarily absorb the life energy, superpowers, and knowledge of their victims through physical contact, and are also able to drain virtually any other form of energy and use it as a power source.

In particular, Rudy Jones is granted enhanced strength, intelligence, agility, durability, and reflexes by absorbing the energy of other beings. When Jones drains other superpowered individuals, he gains their abilities for a limited period of time until he "runs out of life-energy" and must seek a new victim to "feed on". He is shown to have a heightened sense of perception that allows him to detect the life force and power within other beings.[34] While drawing the energy of ordinary humans is almost instantaneous, it takes a notably longer time in the case of immensely powerful beings, which gives the victim more time to react and free themselves from the Parasite's grip. Following an encounter with the Strange Visitor, however, the Parasite's powers were enhanced and enable him to retain the energy he takes for longer as well as granting Jones the ability to shapeshift; he can now physically morph into his victims right down to their DNA, being able to access their memories, gain their natural abilities, and mimic their voices. The Parasite's biggest weakness is that he also absorbs the weaknesses of his victims and cannot counter such susceptibilities even when he has other abilities that should do so; when he absorbed both Superman and Livewire's powers, he retained the latter's vulnerability to water despite possessing the former's near-invulnerability. The Parasite also maintains Superman's weaknesses, like kryptonite, even when the Parasite in addition already absorbed the powers of non-Kryptonians.

Other versions

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  • An alternate universe variant of Parasite appears in All-Star Superman. He exploits Superman's rising power levels to absorb his energy and grow into a colossal form before being defeated.[35]
  • An unidentified alternate universe variant of Parasite appears in the JSA: The Liberty Files miniseries JSA: The Unholy Three. This version is a former KGB agent and freelance contract killer.[36]
  • The Raymond Jensen incarnation of Parasite appears in Justice as a member of the Legion of Doom.[37]
  • An alternate universe variant of the Raymond Jensen incarnation of Parasite appears in Kingdom Come. He ruptures Captain Atom's outer shell, causing a massive nuclear explosion that kills them both and irradiates much of Kansas.[38]
  • An original, alternate universe variant of Parasite appears in Just Imagine.... This version is Lucinda Radama, an African-American female serial killer. [39]
  • An alternate universe variant of the Raymond Jensen incarnation of Parasite appears in Superman: Earth One Volume Two.[40] This version has a sister named Theresa Jensen, who believes that he is a consultant with a real estate firm and is unaware of his criminal status.
  • An alternate universe version of Parasite appears in Superman Family Adventures. This version is Otis, who was transformed by a purple alien rock. He attempts to take over Superman's life before his powers eventually wear off.[41]
  • An unidentified alternate universe variant of Parasite appears in Superman: Red Son.[42]
  • An alternate universe variant of the Rudy Jones incarnation of Parasite appears in Superman American Alien.[43]

In other media

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Television

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Live-action

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  • The Rudy Jones incarnation of Parasite appears in the Smallville episode "Injustice", portrayed by Brendan Fletcher.[44] This version was a metahuman prisoner at the Black Creek facility before Tess Mercer stages a prison break and recruits Jones, among other prisoners, into a team in a failed attempt at making them heroes.
    • Additionally, an unrelated character called Eric Summers appears in the episodes "Leech" and "Asylum",[citation needed] portrayed by Shawn Ashmore. Throughout his appearances, he temporarily steals Clark Kent's powers via Kryptonite and electricity on two separate occasions, only to be defeated by him and lose them each time.
  • Two incarnations of Parasite appear in Supergirl. Both versions are the result of humans being possessed by an alien parasite called an Angon:
    • Dr. Rudy Jones appears in the episode "Changing", portrayed by William Mapother.[45] This version is an environmental scientist who is infected by an Angon that had laid dormant in an Arctic wolf's corpse and gains the ability to drain life force through physical contact. While fighting Supergirl, Alex Danvers, and the Martian Manhunter, Jones absorbs Supergirl and Manhunter's powers and transforms into a monster before Supergirl overloads and kills him with plutonium.
    • Raymond Jensen appears in the fourth season, portrayed by Anthony Konechny.[46][47] This version is a Department of Extranormal Operations (DEO) agent who despises aliens for wreaking havoc on National City. Throughout the episodes "American Alien" and "Parasite Lost", he leaves the DEO to join anti-alien activists Otis and Mercy Graves and Agent Liberty. Jensen later volunteers to be exposed to an Angon obtained from the DEO, gaining energy-absorbing abilities in the process, only to eventually end up comatose and taken into DEO custody.
  • A character based on Alexandra Allston named Ally Allston appears in the second season of Superman & Lois, portrayed by Rya Kihlstedt as an adult and by Amber Taylor as a child. This version is a cult leader behind the Inverse Society/Method who took over Bizarro World with help from her Bizarro counterpart (also portrayed by Kihlstedt), who she later merges with, gaining flight and the ability to drain energy. Nonetheless, they are defeated and separated by Superman and incarcerated by the Department of Defense.

Animation

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  • An original incarnation of Parasite named I.C. Harris appears in The New Adventures of Superman episode "The Pernicious Parasite". This version is a balding thief who specializes in stealing radioactive materials and lacks purple skin.
  • The Raymond Jensen incarnation of Parasite appears in the Young Justice episode "Performance", voiced by Adam Baldwin.[48]
  • The Rudy Jones incarnation of Parasite appears in the Justice League Action episode "Power Outage", voiced by Max Mittelman.[48] This version sports a more monstrous appearance and the additional ability to sprout tentacles from his torso.
  • An unidentified Parasite makes non-speaking cameo appearances in Harley Quinn and Kite Man: Hell Yeah! as a member of the Legion of Doom.
  • An original incarnation of Parasite appears in My Adventures with Superman. This version is a cybernetic armor called the Parasite 1.0, which was created and worn by Dr. Anthony Ivo (voiced by Jake Green) and is capable of growing larger and more monstrous in appearance as it absorbs energy.[49]
DC Animated Universe
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Rudy Jones / Parasite as he appears in the DC Animated Universe.

Two incarnations of Parasite appear in series set in the DC Animated Universe (DCAU):

  • The Rudy Jones incarnation of Parasite appears in Superman: The Animated Series, voiced by Brion James.[48] This version is a S.T.A.R. Labs janitor who gained his abilities from exposure to stolen chemicals that were originally intended to boost the rate of energy absorption in humans. He goes on to battle Superman on two occasions and briefly join forces with Livewire before ending up in a coma and being remanded to Stryker's Island.
  • Jones appears in the Justice League two-part episode "Secret Society", voiced by Brian George.[48] Having recovered from his coma, he is recruited into Gorilla Grodd's Secret Society and fights the Justice League, only to be defeated by Wonder Woman.
  • Jones makes minor, non-speaking appearances in Justice League Unlimited as a member of Grodd's expanded Secret Society. Prior to and during the episode "Alive!", Lex Luthor takes command of the Society, but Grodd mounts a mutiny. Jones sides with the latter, only to be frozen by Killer Frost and killed off-screen by Darkseid along with Grodd's other loyalists.
    • A monstrous, unidentified incarnation of Parasite appears in the episode "Epilogue", voiced by Marc Worden.[48] This version is a member of a future version of the Society called the Iniquity Collective.

Film

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Video games

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Miscellaneous

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Traci Adell, the WWF, Fatale on TV, and the Web of the Snyder – Part 2". Jim Shooter's Blog. 6 January 2012. Retrieved 7 January 2012.
  2. ^ Cowsill, Alan; Irvine, Alex; Manning, Matthew K.; McAvennie, Michael; Wallace, Daniel (2019). DC Comics Year By Year: A Visual Chronicle. DK Publishing. p. 112. ISBN 978-1-4654-8578-6.
  3. ^ Parasite is number 61 Archived 2009-05-10 at the Wayback Machine, IGN.
  4. ^ Cowsill, Alan; Irvine, Alex; Korte, Steve; Manning, Matt; Wiacek, Win; Wilson, Sven (2016). The DC Comics Encyclopedia: The Definitive Guide to the Characters of the DC Universe. DK Publishing. p. 227. ISBN 978-1-4654-5357-0.
  5. ^ Eury, Michael (2006). The Krypton Companion. TwoMorrows Publishing. p. 73. ISBN 9781893905610.
  6. ^ Action Comics #340. DC Comics.
  7. ^ Greenberger, Robert; Pasko, Martin (2010). The Essential Superman Encyclopedia. Del Rey. pp. 304–306. ISBN 978-0-345-50108-0.
  8. ^ Wells, John (2014). American Comic Book Chronicles: 1965-1969. TwoMorrows Publishing. p. 111. ISBN 978-1605490557.
  9. ^ Superman #286. DC Comics.
  10. ^ Action Comics #555. DC Comics.
  11. ^ Action Comics #361. DC Comics.
  12. ^ Adventures of Superman #481, DC Comics.
  13. ^ Adventures of Superman #512, DC Comics.
  14. ^ Superboy (vol. 4) #6, DC Comics.
  15. ^ "The Trial of Superman!"
  16. ^ The Adventures of Superman #552. DC Comics.
  17. ^ Superman (vol. 2) #157, DC Comics.
  18. ^ Superman (vol. 2) #156, DC Comics.
  19. ^ Superman #682
  20. ^ Superman #684
  21. ^ Superman Giant (vol. 2) #1. DC Comics.
  22. ^ Superman: Man of Tomorrow #14. DC Comics.
  23. ^ Dark Nights: Death Metal - The Secret Origin #1. DC Comics.
  24. ^ Suicide Squad (vol. 7) #8. DC Comics.
  25. ^ Superman 2023 Annual (October 2023). DC Comics.
  26. ^ The Adventures of Superman #633. Marvel Comics.
  27. ^ The Adventures of Superman #641. DC Comics.
  28. ^ Secret Six (vol. 3) #5. DC Comics.
  29. ^ DC Comics Encyclopedia: All-New Edition. DC Comics.
  30. ^ Superman (vol. 3) #23.4: Parasite. DC Comics.
  31. ^ Forever Evil #1. DC Comics.
  32. ^ Forever Evil: Rogues Rebellion #6. DC Comics.
  33. ^ New Suicide Squad #9. DC Comics.
  34. ^ All-Star Superman #5
  35. ^ All-Star Superman #5. DC Comics.
  36. ^ JSA: The Liberty Files #1. DC Comics.
  37. ^ Justice #4. Marvel Comics.
  38. ^ Kingdom Come #1. DC Comics.
  39. ^ Just Imagine..." JLA #1. DC Comics.
  40. ^ "Superman: Earth One vol 2 - Parasite". CBR. September 9, 2011. Retrieved October 13, 2014.
  41. ^ Superman Family Adventures #5. DC Comics.
  42. ^ Superman: Red Son #3. DC Comics.
  43. ^ Superman American Alien #5
  44. ^ Al Septien, Turi Meyer (writers) and Tom Welling (director) (2009-05-07). "Injustice". Smallville. Season 8. Episode 21. The CW.
  45. ^ Schedeen, Jesse (November 15, 2016). "Supergirl: "Changing" Review". IGN. Retrieved July 10, 2024.
  46. ^ Petski, Denise (August 24, 2018). "'Supergirl': Anthony Konechny To Recur On Season 4 Of the CW Series". Deadline. Retrieved July 10, 2024.
  47. ^ Morrison, Matt (November 6, 2018). "Supergirl Season 4 Rectifies A Season 2 Villain Mistake". ScreenRant. Retrieved July 10, 2024.
  48. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Parasite Voices (Superman)". Behind the Voice Actors. Retrieved December 15, 2019. A green check mark indicates that a role has been confirmed using a screenshot (or collage of screenshots) of a title's list of voice actors and their respective characters found in its credits or other reliable sources of information.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
  49. ^ Nelson, Samantha (June 26, 2023). "My Adventures With Superman Review". IGN. Retrieved June 27, 2023.
  50. ^ Vejvoda, Jim (April 30, 2020). "Superman: Man of Tomorrow Movie Voice Cast Revealed". IGN. Retrieved July 10, 2024.
  51. ^ Eisen, Andrew (October 2, 2013). "DC Characters and Objects - Scribblenauts Unmasked Guide". IGN. Retrieved July 10, 2024.
  52. ^ Eisen, Andrew (June 9, 2014). "Characters - LEGO Batman 3: Beyond Gotham Guide". IGN. Retrieved July 10, 2024.
  53. ^ Michael, Jon; Veness, John (November 2, 2018). "Characters - LEGO DC Super-Villains Guide". IGN. Retrieved July 10, 2024.
  54. ^ Injustice: Gods Among Us - Year Five #3. DC Comics.
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