The Red River mudpuppy (Necturus maculosus louisianensis), also called Louisiana waterdog or Red River waterdog, is a subspecies of aquatic salamander in the family Proteidae.
| Red River mudpuppy | |
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Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Amphibia |
| Order: | Urodela |
| Family: | Proteidae |
| Genus: | Necturus |
| Species: | N. maculosus
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| Binomial name | |
| Necturus maculosus Viosca, 1938
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| Synonyms | |
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Necturus louisianensis | |
Taxonomy
editMost taxonomic authorities currently consider this salamander to be a subspecies of the common mudpuppy (N. maculosus): N. maculosus louisianensis, or the Red River mudpuppy. The Red River waterdog was proposed as a separate species from the common mudpuppy by Collins in 1991,[1] but supporting data was lacking. Petranka (1998)[2] and Crother (2017)[3] both treated this fully aquatic salamander as a subspecies. Phylogenetic and morphological analyses conducted by Chabbaria et al. 2018,[4] suggested two distinct lineages of N. maculosus in the Great Lakes and Mississippi River, and similar results were obtained from analyses of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) samples from the upper Midwest, Great Lakes, and New England by Greenwald et al. 2020.[5]
Geographic range
editIt is found in southeastern Kansas, southern Missouri, northeastern Oklahoma, Arkansas, and northcentral Louisiana. It lives only in the Red River and adjacent drainage systems.[6]
Description
editDiffers in appearance from the common mudpuppy, which is gray to brown, with round blue-black spots. The Red River mudpuppy is light yellowish brown with a white stripe on either side of the middorsal area.[6]
Diet and behavior
editIt eats mainly small underwater animals. Its feathery gills mean that it can breathe only underwater not on land. It and many other mudpuppies can still go on land, but not for a very long time. They go on land only if the water is too dirty so they can find cleaner water in another part of the river.
References
edit- ^ Collins, Joseph (1991). "Viewpoint: a new taxonomic arrangement for some North American amphibians and reptiles" (PDF). Herpetological Review. 22 (2): 42–43.
- ^ Petranka, James (1998). Salamanders of the United States and Canada (1 ed.). Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press. pp. 425–429. ISBN 1-56098-828-2.
- ^ Crother, Brian (2017). Scientific and standard English names of amphibians and reptiles of North America north of Mexico, with comments regarding confidence in our understanding (PDF) (8th ed.). Shoreview, MN: Society of the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles. p. 33. ISBN 978-1-946681-00-3. Retrieved 20 May 2024.
- ^ Chabarria, Ryan; Murray, Christopher; Moler, Paul; Bart, Jr., Henry; Crother, Brian; Guyer, Craig (2018). "Evolutionary insights into the North American Necturus beyeri complex (Amphibia: Caudata) based on molecular genetic and morphological analyses". Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research. 56 (3): 352–363. doi:10.1111/jzs.12203. Retrieved 20 May 2024.
- ^ Greenwald, Katherine; Stedman, Amber; Mifsud, David; Stapleton, Maegan; Larson, Krista; Chellman, Isaac; Parrish, Donna; Kilpatrick, C. William (2020). "Phylogeographic analysis of Mudpuppies (Necturus maculosus)". Journal of Herpetology. 54 (1): 78–86. doi:10.1670/19-070. Retrieved 20 May 2024.
- ^ a b Conant, Roger (1975). A Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of Eastern and Central North America, 2nd edition. Houghton Mifflin. Boston.