Anglo-American Freemasonry (also self-described as Regular Freemasonry[1][2]) is a loose network of overlapping chains of mutually recognized Grand Lodges, forming a Regular Masonic jurisdiction.[3][4][5] For the most part these trace their descent from one of "original" British Grand Lodges, with mutual recognition based on adherence to certain core values, rules and membership requirements (known as Landmarks).[6]
Different branches of Freemasonry
editFreemasonry is often said to consist of two branches not in mutual regular amity:
- Anglo-American style, or Regular Freemasonry
- Continental style, or Liberal Freemasonry
The majority of Masonic jurisdictions around the world follow the Anglo-American style. The United Grand Lodge of England lists 194 Grand Lodges which it considers to be Regular[7] and the Grand Lodge of New York lists 202 which it considers to be Regular,[8] while the umbrella organisation for Liberal Freemasonry, CLIPSAS, lists 90 members.[9] The Anglo-American style is especially dominant in the United States, and the countries that once formed the British Empire. It has a minority presence in France and most Latin American countries. The Anglo-American branch has several noteworthy sub-branches, most notably Prince Hall Freemasonry (a legacy of past racial segregation in the United States, and so predominantly found in that country). The Swedish Rite (which is exclusively open for confessors of the Christian faith, and has a significant presence in Scandinavia), although recognised by this branch of masonry, is best viewed as a separate rite.[10]
The Continental Style dominates in France, and has a majority presence in several European countries and in most Latin American [citation needed] countries. It has a minority presence in other parts of the world.
There are three core issues that separate the Anglo-American Branch and the Continental Branch of Freemasonry:
| Issue | Anglo-American | Continental |
|---|---|---|
| Belief in Deity | Requires its members to express a belief in Deity as a condition of membership. | Not a requirement, allowing atheists to join. |
| Female membership | Does not admit women as members. There are associated organisations in American Freemasonry which are open to women, but unrecognised in England or Ireland. | Open to female membership by means of mixed lodges, women-only lodges or amity with women-only bodies. |
| Political involvement | Strict ban of the discussion of politics in a lodge setting, and its Grand Lodges will not comment on political matters. | Allows political discussion, and its Grand Orients will often issue statements on political issues. |
References
edit- ^ Provincial Grand Lodge of Somerset website Archived 27 September 2013 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ The hedgemason, Masonic blog
- ^ Initiating the Enlightenment?: Recent Scholarship on European Freemasonry, David Stephenson
- ^ Freemasonry and the Anti-Christian Movement, E Cahill, SJ
- ^ English and American Brotherhood, The Builder Magazine
- ^ The British Grand Lodges include the Premier Grand Lodge of England, the Antients Grand Lodge of England, the Grand Lodge of Scotland, and the Grand Lodge of Ireland.
- ^ UGLE UGLE Archived 22 October 2013 at the Wayback Machine Foreign Grand Lodges Recognised by the United Grand Lodge of England retrieved 10 June 2013
- ^ 2013 List of Lodges Masonic, by Grand Lodge of New York, Panatgraphy publishers, Bloomington, IL., 2013
- ^ CLIPSAS Members List, retrieved 10 June 2013
- ^ The Swedish Constitution, Nordic Esotericism in Baroque Splendour, "It would therefore be fair to describe it as a major system, and one that differs greatly from the Anglo-American forms we are accustomed to", retrieved on 10 June 2013.
External links
edit- The Web of Hiram at Bradford University, an electronic database of historic Masonic material for Great Britain held in the university's Special Collections