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Energy in Angola describes energy and electricity production, consumption and export from Angola. The energy policy of Angola reflects energy policy and the politics of Angola.
Biomass accounts for 58% of the country's energy consumption; oil accounts for 35%, gas 4% and hydroelectric power 3%.
Primary energy use in 2009 in Angola was 138 TWh and 7 TWh per million persons.[1]
Angolans used to suffer frequent daily blackouts. In 2012, days before the election, the government announced $17B US in planned energy investment, designed to alleviate the paucity of available energy.[2]
The International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) reports that Angola's renewable energy usage increased from 50% of the total energy supply in 2015 to 63% in 2020. Within this sector, bioenergy represents 85% of Angola's renewable energy supply as of 2020. This shift in Angola's energy strategy indicates a move towards sustainable resources, reducing the country's previous dependence on conventional fuels like oil and gas.[3]
Overview
edit| Energy in Angola[4] | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capita | Prim. energy | Production | Import | Electricity | CO2-emission | |
| Million | TWh | TWh | TWh | TWh | Mt | |
| 2004 | 15.49 | 110 | 667 | 547 | 1.92 | 7.81 |
| 2007 | 17.02 | 124 | 1,104 | 979 | 3.24 | 10.66 |
| 2008 | 18.02 | 128 | 1,231 | 1,090 | 3.41 | 10.56 |
| 2009 | 18.50 | 138 | 1,174 | 1,033 | 3.75 | 12.92 |
| 2012 | 19.62 | 5.01 | 15.72 | |||
| Change 2004-09 | 19.4% | 25.4% | 76.0% | 88.7% | 95.3% | 65.4% |
| Mtoe = 11.63 TWh, Prim. energy includes energy losses | ||||||
Angolan population has increased 19.4 percent in the five years 2004-2009.
Hydroelectricity
editElectricity is produced by Empresa Nacional de Electricidade de Angola.
Crude oil
editAngola ranks second in crude oil production in sub-Saharan Africa, after Nigeria. In 2022, the country produced an average of 1.165 million barrels of oil per day, according to its National Oil, Gas and Biofuel's Agency (ANPG).[5]
Lobito refinery
editDevelopment has been planned but much delayed, of a new 200,000-barrel-per-day (32,000 m3/d) refinery in the city of Lobito, on the coast. The Angolan state-owned oil company Sonangol would have a 70 percent stake in the Sonaref refinery at Lobito, its then-head Carlos Saturnino said in 2006, and the Chinese oil company Sinopec would retain the remainder.[6]
Oil in the Angolan economy
editAngola's economy was profoundly affected by the sharp drop in oil prices in 2014 and in 2020. This is even though new skyscrapers, appeared in Luanda; offices, shopping centres and apartment buildings proliferated in a "mini-golden age" as leading economist Alves da Rocha called it, from 2003-2008. Yet "probably three quarters" of the population of Luanda live in "tumbledown slums".[7] Two thirds of the 16.5 million people in Angola live on less than $2 a day, according to the World Bank,[8] and the oil industry employs less than one percent of the workforce.[7]
Foreigners, including Chinese construction companies and several hundred thousand Chinese workers, and as many or more Portuguese and Brazilian trade and finance consultants and managers. Oil companies set up shop in Angola.[9]
Oil spills in Angola
editAngola fined Chevron Texaco $2m for causing environmental damage in 2002[10] to fisheries caused by obsolete tubes at the Cabinda oilfield. Chevron promised to spend $108 m replacing the pipes. The company pumps almost three-quarters of Angola's oil, and also reduced crude production about 12%, after a pipeline leak.[11]
Natural gas
editAngola LNG made its first shipment in June 2013. A system failure brought a design flaw to light in 2014, and production resumed only in 2015.[12] In order to maintain the supply of gas to the facility, oil majors in Angola have formed a New Gas Consortium that took a final investment decision (FID) in 2022 on developing the Quiluma and Maboqueiro non-associated gas fields.[13]
See also
edit
References
edit- ^ IEA Key energy statistics 2011 Archived 2011-10-27 at the Wayback Machine Page: Country specific indicator numbers from page 48
- ^ "By hook or by crook". The Economist. 2012-09-01.
- ^ "Energy Profile Angola" (PDF). International Renewable Energy Agency. 2023-08-08.
- ^ IEA Key World Energy Statistics Statistics 2013, 2012 Archived 2013-03-09 at the Wayback Machine, 2011 Archived 2011-10-27 at the Wayback Machine, 2010 Archived 2010-10-11 at the Wayback Machine, 2009 Archived 2013-10-07 at the Wayback Machine, 2006 Archived 2009-10-12 at the Wayback Machine IEA October, crude oil p.11, coal p. 13 gas p. 15
- ^ "Homepage". ANPG (in European Portuguese). Retrieved 2022-08-24.
- ^ "Angola's Sonangol to have 70 percent stake in Lobito refinery". Macauhub. March 22, 2006.
- ^ a b Tom Burgis; David White (July 17, 2012). "Nation dominated by a rich elite: A petro-economy offers opportunities only for the few". Financial Times.
- ^ Carolina Barros (August 25, 2010). "Angola to start building new refinery this year". Reuters.
- ^ "Angola from boom to bust – to breaking point". CMI. Chr. Michelsen Institute for Science and Intellectual Freedom. April 8, 2016.
- ^ "Business | Angola fines Chevron for pollution". BBC News. 2002-07-01. Retrieved 2011-02-16.
- ^ "Angola fines Chevron for pollution". BBC. July 1, 2002.
- ^ "Angola Fact Sheet". Chevron Corporation. May 2015. Archived from the original on 2017-07-10. Retrieved 2016-11-20.
- ^ "Eni announces the completion of negotiations to start up New Gas Consortium in Angola". www.eni.com. Retrieved 2022-08-24.