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Idaho Republican Party

(Redirected from Republican Party of Idaho)

The Idaho Republican Party (IDGOP) is the Idaho state affiliate of the United States Republican Party, headquartered in Boise. It is currently the dominant party in the state, controlling both of Idaho's U.S. House seats, both U.S. Senate seats, the governorship, and has supermajorities in both houses of the state legislature.

Idaho Republican Party
ChairpersonDorothy Moon
Senate leaderChuck Winder
House leaderMike Moyle
Founded1860s
Headquarters101 South Capitol Blvd. Suite 302, Boise, Idaho 83702
Membership (2024)Increase 601,829[1]
IdeologyConservatism[2]
National affiliationRepublican Party
Colors  Red
Seats in the U.S. Senate
2 / 2
Seats in the United States House of Representatives
2 / 2
Statewide officers
7 / 7
Seats in the Idaho Senate
28 / 35
Seats in the Idaho House of Representatives
59 / 70
Website
idgop.org

History

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By the time of the 1889 Constitutional Convention, the Republican Party had become a prominent Party in Idaho, and made up the majority of the representatives at the Constitutional Convention for statehood. Republicans and Democrats had equal influence in Idaho until the 1960s when the Republican Party emerged as the dominant political Party.[3] The Republican Party has held the governorship since 1995, both US Senate seats since 1981, and both US House seats since 2010.

As of 2022, Idaho has the second largest percentage of Republicans in a state legislature. Republicans control all constitutional offices in the state and maintain supermajorities in the House and Senate.

The party had been reported to have a growing faction of far-right political activists, with a concentration in Koontenai County.[4] In 2021, the Koontenai County Republican Central Committee endorsed Dave Reilly, a political activist from Pennsylvania who attended the 2017 Unite the Right rally[5] and has gained notoriety for antisemitic public statements, for candidacy in a Post Falls school board election.[6] The KCRCC has also made public statements in support of Austrian neo-nazi activist Martin Sellner[7] and the anti-communist John Birch Society.[8] Outside of Koonetai County, within the Idaho Legislature, Rep. Chad Christensen identifies himself as being a member of both the far-right militia Oath Keepers and the John Birch Society.[9]

Governing body

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  • State Central Committee: The governing body of the Idaho Republican Party is the Republican State Central Committee, which is made up of elected members from each legislative district and county. It establishes the rules and functions of the Idaho Republican Party on the state level.[10]
  • Chairman and executive committee: The current chairman of the Idaho Republican Party is Dorothy Moon.[11] Moon was elected in July 2022, defeating incumbent Tom Luna. She is considered a far-right conservative.[11][12]

The executive committee consists of a first and second vice chair, secretary, treasurer, finance chair, region chairs from each of Idaho's ten regions, and the presidents of the affiliated clubs; Young Republicans, College Republicans, and Republican Women. Members of the executive committee who are not Region Chairs are elected at the State Convention, held bi-annually.[10]

Executive Committee Members[13][14]
Voting Members
Chairman Dorothy Moon
1st Vice Chair Mark Fuller
2nd Vice Chair Viki Purdy
National Committeeman Bryan Smith[15]
National Committeewoman Vicki Keen
Secretary Maria Nate
Treasurer Steve Bender
Region 1 Scott Herndon
Region 2 Bjorn Handeen
Region 3 Nick Woods
Region 4 Machele Hamilton
Region 5 Mark Johnson
Region 6 Jean Mollenkopf-Moore
Region 7 Mike Mathews
Region 8 Trent Clark
Region 9 Steve Pinther
Region 10 Andrew Mickelsen
Ex-Officio Members
Finance Chair TBD
Young Republicans Chair Tyler Kelly
IFRW President Tracey Wasden
College Republicans Chair Farhana Hibbert

Meetings

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Meetings of both the State Central Committee and the State Executive Committee are usually held every six months, including those held in proximity to State Conventions.[16]

The party convened in July 2022 to consider a resolution declaring that Joe Biden had not been legitimately elected president of the United States.[17]

Idaho Freedom Caucus

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See also: Factions in the Republican Party (United States)
Idaho Freedom Caucus
FoundedMarch 2017
Key people
Scott Herndon Director

Brian Lenney Vice Chair

Tammy Nichols, Heather Scott Co-Chairs

The Idaho Freedom Caucus is a caucus within the Idaho Legislature, associated with the State Freedom Caucus Network and the Freedom Caucus

The original Idaho Freedom Caucus was founded by Rep. Mike Kingsley and Rep. Bryan Zollinger in 2017.[18] That effort stalled in 2017 when conservatives failed to find consensus on a path forward[19] but was picked up again in 2022. The Idaho Freedom Caucus hired Scott Herndon as its executive director on July 17, 2024.[20] Prior to the 2024 legislative session, three members of the Idaho Freedom Caucus were rebuked by the Senate president pro tempore Chuck Winder for their criticisms of other legislators online.[21]

Regions

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Regions of the IDGOP are groups of Idaho Counties defined by Article III, Section 1 of the State Rules.[16]

Region Counties
Region 1 Boundary, Bonner, Kootenai, Benewah, Shoshone
Region 2 Latah, Nez Perce, Lewis, Clearwater, Idaho
Region 3 Valley, Adams, Washington, Payette, Canyon, Gem, Elmore, Owyhee, Boise
Region 4 Ada
Region 5 Gooding, Jerome, Minidoka, Lincoln, Cassia, Twin Falls, Camas, Blaine
Region 6 Bannock, Power, Oneida, Caribou, Bear Lake, Bingham, Franklin
Region 7 Bonneville, Butte, Madison, Jefferson, Fremont, Clark, Custer, Lemhi, Teton

Current Republican officeholders

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Members of Congress

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U.S. Senate

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U.S. House of Representatives

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District Member Photo
1st Russ Fulcher
 
2nd Mike Simpson
 

Constitutional Offices

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Office Official Photo
Governor Brad Little
 
Lieutenant Governor Scott Bedke
 
Secretary of State Phil McGrane
Attorney General Raúl Labrador
 
State Treasurer Julie Ellsworth
State Controller Brandon Woolf
Superintendent of Public Instruction Debbie Critchfield
 

State legislators

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Idaho Senate

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Republicans currently hold 28 out of 35 seats in the Idaho Senate.[22]

Legislative District Senator County
LD-1 Scott Herndon Boundary/Bonner
LD-2 Phil Hart Kootenai
LD-3 Doug Okuniewicz Kootenai
LD-4 Ben Toews Kootenai
LD-5 Carl Bjerke Benewah/Latah
LD-6 Dan Foreman Lewis/Nez Perce
LD-7 Cindy Carlson Idaho/Clearwater/Shoshone/Bonner
LD-8 Geoff Schroeder Valley/Gem/Boise/Custer/Lemhi
LD-9 Abby Lee Washington/Payette/Canyon
LD-10 Tammy Nichols Canyon
LD-11 Chris Trakel Canyon
LD-12 Ben Adams Canyon
LD-13 Brian Lenney Canyon
LD-14 C. Scott Grow Ada
LD-20 Chuck Winder Ada
LD-21 Treg Bernt Ada
LD-22 Lori Den Hartog Ada
LD-23 Todd Lakey Elmore/Owyhee/Twin Falls
LD-24 Glenneda Zuiderveld Twin Falls
LD-25 Linda Wright Hartgen Twin Falls/Jerome
LD-27 Kelly Anthon Minidoka/Cassia
LD-28 Jim Guthrie Power/Bannock
LD-30 Julie VanOrden Bonneville
LD-31 Van Burtenshaw Bingham
LD-32 Kevin Cook Bear Lake/Caribou/Franklin/Oneida/Bonneville/Teton
LD-33 Dave Lent Bonneville
LD-34 Doug Ricks Madison/Bonneville
LD-35 Mark Harris Butte/Jefferson/Fremont/Clark

Idaho House of Representatives

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Republicans currently hold 58 out of 70 seats in the Idaho House of Representatives.[23]

Legislative District Representative County
LD-1 Heather Scott Boundary/Bonner
LD-1 Sage Dixon Boundary/Bonner
LD-2 Vito Barbieri Kootenai
LD-2 Doug Okuniewicz Kootenai
LD-3 Don Cheatham Kootenai
LD-3 Ron Mendive Kootenai
LD-4 Paul Amador Kootenai
LD-4 Jim Addis Kootenai
LD-5 Caroline Nilsson Troy Benewah/Latah
LD-6 Lori McCann Lewis/Nez Perce
LD-6 Mike Kingsley Lewis/Nez Perce
LD-7 Priscilla Giddings Idaho/Clearwater/Shoshone/Bonner
LD-7 Paul Shepherd Idaho/Clearwater/Shoshone/Bonner
LD-8 Dorothy Moon Vally/Gem/Boise/Custer/Lemhi
LD-8 Terry Gestrin Vally/Gem/Boise/Custer/Lemhi
LD-9 Judy Boyle Washington/Payette/Canyon
LD-9 Jacyn Gallagher Washington/Payette/Canyon
LD-10 Gregory Chaney Canyon
LD-10 Julie Yamamoto Canyon
LD-11 Scott Syme Canyon
LD-11 Tammy Nichols Canyon
LD-12 Robert Anderst Canyon
LD-12 Rick Youngblood Canyon
LD-13 Ben Adams Canyon
LD-13 Brent Crane Canyon
LD-14 Gayann DeMordaunt Ada
LD-14 Mike Moyle Ada
LD-15 Steve Berch Ada
LD-15 Codi Galloway Ada
LD-20 James Holtzclaw Ada
LD-20 Joe Palmer Ada
LD-21 Greg Ferch Ada
LD-21 Steven Harris Ada
LD-22 Jason Monks Ada
LD-22 John Vander Woude Ada
LD-23 Megan Blanksma Elmore/Owyhee/Twin Falls
LD-23 Christy Zito Elmore/Owyhee/Twin Falls
LD-24 Lance Clow Twin Falls
LD-24 Linda Wright Hartgen Twin Falls
LD-25 Laurie Lickley Twin Falls/Jerome
LD-25 Clark Kauffman Twin Falls/Jerome
LD-26 Steve Miller Blaine/Camas/Gooding/Lincoln
LD-27 Fred Wood Minidoka/Cassia
LD-27 Scott Bedke Minidoka/Cassia
LD-28 Randy Armstrong Power/Bannock
LD-28 Kevin Andrus Power/Bannock
LD-29 Dustin Manwaring Bannock
LD-30 Gary Marshall Bonneville
LD-30 Wendy Horman Bonneville
LD-31 David Cannon Bingham
LD-31 Julie VanOrden Bingham
LD-32 Marc Gibbs Bear Lake/Caribou/Franklin/Oneida/Bonneville/Teton
LD-32 Chad Christensen Bear Lake/Caribou/Franklin/Oneida/Bonneville/Teton
LD-33 Barbara Ehardt Bonneville
LD-33 Marco Erickson Bonneville
LD-34 Ronald Nate Madison/Bonneville
LD-34 Jon Weber Madison/Bonneville
LD-35 Rod Furniss Butte/Jefferson/Fremont/Clark
LD-35 Karen Hanks Butte/Jefferson/Fremont/Clark

Legislative leadership

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Senate

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House

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Chairs of IDGOP

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Chairman Term
Dorothy Moon July 2022[11]
Tom Luna June 2020 – July 2022[11]
Raúl Labrador June 2019 – June 2020
Jennifer Locke (acting) February 2019 – June 2019
Jonathan Parker June 2017 – February 2019
Stephen Yates August 2014 – June 2017
Vacant June 2014 – August 2014
Barry Peterson June 2012 – June 2014
Norm Semanko June 2008 – June 2012
J. Kirk Sullivan June 2004 – June 2008
John Sandy 2002 – June 2004
Trent Clark 1999–2002
Ron McMurray 1996–1999
N. Randy Smith 1993–1996
Phil Batt 1991–1993
Randy Ayre 1989–1991
Blake Hall 1985–1989
Dennis Olsen 1977–1985
Vern Ravenscroft 1975–1977
Robert "Bob" Linville 1974–1975
Marge Miner 1972–1974
Roland Wilber 1968–1972
John O. McMurray June 1961 – 1968
Ray Robbins 1958 – June 1961
Wallace C. Burns 1955–1958
William S. Campbell 1952–1955
Milton L. Horsley 1950–1952
Ezra B. Hinshaw 1948–1950
T.W. "Tom" Smith 1946–1948
S.L. "Vern" Thorpe 1944–1946
Reilly Atkinson Sr 1942–1944
Thomas "Tom" Heath[24][25][26] 1938–1942
C. A. Bottolfsen 1936–1938
R.P. Perry 1931–1936
R. B. Scatterday 1930–1931
John McMurray 1924–1930
I. H. Nash 1922–1924
John Thomas 1918–1922
S.D. Taylor 1918–1918
Evan Evans July 1915[27]-1918
George A. Day September 1912[28]- July 1915[27]
C.L. Heitman September 1910[29]- September 1912[28]
B.F. O'Neil September 1908[30]- September 1910[31]
James H. Brady August 1904[32]– September 1908[30]
Frank R. Gooding 1900 – August 1904[32]
George H. Stewart August 1896[33]
J.H. Richards August 1894–?
Edgar Wilson May 1892[34][35]- August 1894
William Borah February 1892 – May 1892
Joe Pinkham August 1890[36]-February 1892[37]
James H. Beatty September 1888[38]-?
I.W. Garrett ?- September 1888[38]

Election results

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Presidential

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Idaho Republican Party presidential election results
Election Presidential Ticket Votes Vote % Electoral votes Result
1892 Benjamin Harrison/Whitelaw Reid 8,599 44.31%
0 / 3
 Lost
1896 William McKinley/Garret Hobart 6,314 21.32%
0 / 3
 Won
1900 William McKinley/Theodore Roosevelt 27,198 46.96%
0 / 3
 Won
1904 Theodore Roosevelt/Charles W. Fairbanks 47,783 65.84%
3 / 3
 Won
1908 William Howard Taft/James S. Sherman 52,621 54.09%
3 / 3
 Won
1912 William Howard Taft/Nicholas M. Butler 32,810 31.02%
0 / 4
 Lost
1916 Charles E. Hughes/Charles W. Fairbanks 55,368 41.13%
0 / 4
 Lost
1920 Warren G. Harding/Calvin Coolidge 88,975 65.60%
4 / 4
 Won
1924 Calvin Coolidge/Charles G. Dawes 69,879 47.12%
4 / 4
 Won
1928 Herbert Hoover/Charles Curtis 97,322 64.22%
4 / 4
 Won
1932 Herbert Hoover/Charles Curtis 71,417 38.27%
0 / 4
 Lost
1936 Alf Landon/Frank Knox 66,256 33.19%
0 / 4
 Lost
1940 Wendell Willkie/Charles L. McNary 106,553 45.31%
0 / 4
 Lost
1944 Thomas E. Dewey/John W. Bricker 100,137 48.07%
0 / 4
 Lost
1948 Thomas E. Dewey/Earl Warren 101,514 47.26%
0 / 4
 Lost
1952 Dwight D. Eisenhower/Richard Nixon 180,707 65.42%
4 / 4
 Won
1956 Dwight D. Eisenhower/Richard Nixon 166,979 61.17%
4 / 4
 Won
1960 Richard Nixon/Henry Cabot Lodge Jr. 161,597 53.78%
4 / 4
 Lost
1964 Barry Goldwater/William E. Miller 143,557 49.08%
0 / 4
 Lost
1968 Richard Nixon/Spiro Agnew 165,369 56.79%
4 / 4
 Won
1972 Richard Nixon/Spiro Agnew 199,384 64.24%
4 / 4
 Won
1976 Gerald Ford/Bob Dole 204,151 59.88%
4 / 4
 Lost
1980 Ronald Reagan/George H. W. Bush 290,699 66.46%
4 / 4
 Won
1984 Ronald Reagan/George H. W. Bush 297,523 72.36%
4 / 4
 Won
1988 George H. W. Bush/Dan Quayle 253,881 62.08%
4 / 4
 Won
1992 George H. W. Bush/Dan Quayle 202,645 42.03%
4 / 4
 Lost
1996 Bob Dole/Jack Kemp 256,595 52.18%
4 / 4
 Lost
2000 George W. Bush/Dick Cheney 336,937 67.17%
4 / 4
 Won
2004 George W. Bush/Dick Cheney 409,235 68.38%
4 / 4
 Won
2008 John McCain/Sarah Palin 403,012 61.21%
4 / 4
 Lost
2012 Mitt Romney/Paul Ryan 420,911 64.09%
4 / 4
 Lost
2016 Donald Trump/Mike Pence 409,055 59.25%
4 / 4
 Won
2020 Donald Trump/Mike Pence 554,119 63.84%
4 / 4
 Lost

Gubernatorial

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Idaho Republican Party gubernatorial election results
Election Gubernatorial candidate Votes Vote % Result
1890
1892 William J. McConnell 8,178 40.74% Won  Y
1894 William J. McConnell 10,208 41.51% Won  Y
1896 David H. Budlong 6,441 22.38% Lost  N
1898 Albert B. Moss 13,794 34.71% Lost  N
1900 D. W. Standrod 26,468 47.04% Lost  N
1902 John T. Morrison 31,874 52.90% Won  Y
1904 Frank R. Gooding 41,877 58.74% Won  Y
1906 Frank R. Gooding 38,386 52.18% Won  Y
1908 James H. Brady 47,864 49.61% Won  Y
1910 James H. Brady 39,961 46.38% Lost  N
1912 John M. Haines 35,074 33.24% Won  Y
1914 John M. Haines 40,349 37.39% Lost  N
1916 D. W. Davis 63,305 47.07% Lost  N
1918 D. W. Davis 57,626 59.95% Won  Y
1920 D. W. Davis 75,748 52.97% Won  Y
1922 Charles C. Moore 50,538 39.53% Won  Y
1924 Charles C. Moore 65,508 43.94% Won  Y
1926 H. C. Baldridge 61,575 51.05% Won  Y
1928 H. C. Baldridge 87,681 57.82% Won  Y
1930 John McMurray 58,002 43.98% Lost  N
1932 Byron Defenbach 68,863 36.44% Lost  N
1934 Frank L. Stephan 75,659 44.26% Lost  N
1936 Frank L. Stephan 83,430 41.46% Lost  N
1938 C. A. Bottolfsen 106,268 57.30% Won  Y
1940 C. A. Bottolfsen 118,117 49.52% Lost  N
1942 C. A. Bottolfsen 72,260 50.15% Won  Y
1944 W. H. Detweiler 98,532 47.36% Lost  N
1946 C. A. Robins 102,233 56.37% Won  Y
1950 Leonard B. Jordan 107,642 52.56% Won  Y
1954 Robert E. Smylie 124,038 54.24% Won  Y
1958 Robert E. Smylie 121,810 50.96% Won  Y
1962 Robert E. Smylie 139,578 54.64% Won  Y
1966 Don Samuelson 104,586 41.41% Won  Y
1970 Don Samuelson 117,108 47.78% Lost  N
1974 Jack Murphy 68,731 26.47% Lost  N
1978 Allan Larsen 114,149 39.56% Lost  N
1982 Phil Batt 161,157 49.36% Lost  N
1986 David H. Leroy 189,794 49.0% Lost  N
1990 Roger Fairchild 101,937 31.79% Lost  N
1994 Phil Batt 216,123 52.29% Won  Y
1998 Dirk Kempthorne 258,095 67.70% Won  Y
2002 Dirk Kempthorne 231,566 56.28% Won  Y
2006 Butch Otter 237,437 52.67% Won  Y
2010 Butch Otter 267,483 59.11% Won  Y
2014 Butch Otter 235,405 53.52% Won  Y
2018 Brad Little 361,661 59.76% Won  Y
2022 Brad Little 358,585 60.05% Won  Y

References

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  1. ^ "Voter Registration Totals". Ballot Access News. Retrieved July 22, 2024.
  2. ^ "How Idaho Became A One Party State". Boise State Public Radio. May 13, 2014.
  3. ^ Cotterell, Adam. "How Idaho Became A One Party State". Retrieved 2018-05-15.
  4. ^ "Living With The Far-Right Insurgency In Idaho". HuffPost. 2022-05-17. Retrieved 2022-05-31.
  5. ^ "Bloomsburg Radio Personality Involved in Alt-Right March in Charlottesville". wnep.com. August 15, 2017. Retrieved 2022-05-31.
  6. ^ "He has a history of antisemitic tweets — and now a GOP endorsement for school board". The Forward. 2021-10-28. Retrieved 2022-05-31.
  7. ^ "Kootenai County GOP urges feds to let Austrian nationalist into U.S. to marry alt-right YouTube pundit | The Spokesman-Review". www.spokesman.com. Retrieved 2022-05-31.
  8. ^ "Resolution supporting the John Birch Society". Kootenai County GOP. Retrieved 2022-05-31.
  9. ^ "Rep. Chad Christensen – Idaho State Legislature". Retrieved 2022-05-31.
  10. ^ a b "Executive Committee | Idaho GOP". Archived from the original on 2014-10-24. Retrieved 2017-04-15.
  11. ^ a b c d "Dorothy Moon Defeats Tom Luna to Become Idaho Republican Party Chair". Idaho Dispatch. 2022-07-16. Retrieved 2022-07-16.
  12. ^ Moseley-Morris, Kelcie (July 16, 2022). "Rep. Dorothy Moon becomes new chairwoman of Idaho Republican Party". Idaho Capital Sun.
  13. ^ "Executive Board & Staff". Republican Party of Idaho. Retrieved 2023-01-08.
  14. ^ Corbin, Clark (2024-06-15). "Dorothy Moon reelected as chairwoman of the Idaho Republican Party • Idaho Capital Sun". Idaho Capital Sun. Retrieved 2024-06-20.
  15. ^ GOP, Idaho (2023-07-30). "PRESS RELEASE: IDGOP Announces New National Committeeman". Republican Party of Idaho. Retrieved 2023-08-05.
  16. ^ a b "Idaho Republican Party State Rules" (PDF). 2020-01-05. Retrieved 2020-02-01.
  17. ^ Ridler, Keith (July 14, 2022). "Idaho Republicans poised to reject 2020 election results". Associated Press.
  18. ^ "GOP lawmakers to launch Idaho Freedom Caucus". AP News. 2017-03-27. Retrieved 2024-08-01.
  19. ^ Spence, William (October 5, 2017). "Lack of far-right consensus puts Idaho Freedom Caucus on hold, lawmaker says". Idaho Statesman.
  20. ^ "Herndon given Idaho Freedom Caucus position". 9B News. 2024-07-17. Retrieved 2024-08-01.
  21. ^ Stevenson, Ian Max (November 15, 2023). "'Degrading and disrespectful': Boise Republican rebukes Freedom Caucus lawmakers". Idaho Statesman. Retrieved August 2, 2024.
  22. ^ "Senate Membership – Idaho State Legislature". Retrieved 2021-08-09.
  23. ^ "House Membership – Idaho State Legislature". Retrieved 2021-08-09.
  24. ^ "The Ogden Standard-Examiner from Ogden, Utah on October 16, 1940 · Page 3". Newspapers.com. Retrieved 2017-09-20.
  25. ^ "The Post-Register from Idaho Falls, Idaho on April 10, 1941 · Page 1". Newspapers.com. Retrieved 2017-09-20.
  26. ^ "The Ogden Standard-Examiner from Ogden, Utah on November 14, 1938 · Page 3". Newspapers.com. Retrieved 2017-09-20.
  27. ^ a b Humanities, National Endowment for the (1915-07-09). "The Twin Falls times. [volume] (Twin Falls, Idaho) 1905–1916, July 09, 1915, Image 1". The Twin Falls Times. ISSN 2637-7322. Retrieved 2020-08-16.
  28. ^ a b Humanities, National Endowment for the (1912-09-13). "Montpelier examiner. [volume] (Montpelier, Idaho) 1895–1937, September 13, 1912, Image 4". Montpelier Examiner. ISSN 2572-035X. Retrieved 2020-08-16.
  29. ^ Humanities, National Endowment for the (1910-09-22). "The Emmett index. [volume] (Emmett, Idaho) 1893–1925, September 22, 1910, Image 1". Retrieved 2020-08-16.
  30. ^ a b Humanities, National Endowment for the (1908-09-03). "Lewiston evening teller. [volume] (Lewiston, Idaho) 1903–1911, September 03, 1908, Image 1". Lewiston Evening Teller. ISSN 2381-2966. Retrieved 2020-08-15.
  31. ^ Humanities, National Endowment for the (1910-09-30). "The Rathdrum tribune. (Rathdrum, Idaho) 1903–1963, September 30, 1910, Image 1". The Rathdrum Tribune. ISSN 2575-0755. Retrieved 2020-08-16.
  32. ^ a b “Proceedings of Convention.” Boise Public Library – Proxy Login, infoweb-newsbank-com.proxy.boisepubliclibrary.org/apps/news/document-view?p=WORLDNEWS.
  33. ^ Humanities, National Endowment for the (1896-08-12). "Elmore bulletin. [volume] (Rocky Bar, Idaho) 1889–1906, August 12, 1896, Image 3". Elmore Bulletin. ISSN 2574-8831. Retrieved 2020-07-29.
  34. ^ Humanities, National Endowment for the (1892-05-10). "Idaho semi-weekly world. [volume] (Idaho City, Idaho Territory) 1875–1908, May 10, 1892, Image 1". Idaho Semi-Weekly World. ISSN 2381-1897. Retrieved 2020-07-29.
  35. ^ Humanities, National Endowment for the (1892-05-07). "Blackfoot news. (Blackfoot, Idaho) 1891–1902, May 07, 1892, Image 1". Blackfoot News. ISSN 2574-7088. Retrieved 2020-07-29.
  36. ^ "25 Aug 1890, Page 1 - The Salt Lake Tribune at Newspapers.com". Newspapers.com.
  37. ^ Humanities, National Endowment for the (1892-05-14). "The Caldwell tribune. [volume] (Caldwell, Idaho Territory [Idaho]) 1883–1928, May 14, 1892, Image 5". The Caldwell Tribune. ISSN 2377-5955. Retrieved 2020-07-29.
  38. ^ a b Humanities, National Endowment for the (1888-09-26). "Wood River times. [volume] (Hailey, Idaho) 1882–1915, September 26, 1888, Image 3". Wood River Times. ISSN 2381-3040. Retrieved 2020-07-31.
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