Retene

Retene
Names
	Preferred IUPAC name 1-Methyl-7-(propan-2-yl)phenanthrene
	Other names Retene
Identifiers
CAS Number	483-65-8 ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
ChemSpider	9805 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.006.908
EC Number	207-597-9;
PubChem CID	10222;
UNII	0W2D2E1P9Q ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID7058701 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/C18H18/c1-12(2)14-7-10-17-15(11-14)8-9-16-13(3)5-4-6-18(16)17/h4-12H,1-3H3 Key: NXLOLUFNDSBYTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ; InChI=1/C18H18/c1-12(2)14-7-10-17-15(11-14)8-9-16-13(3)5-4-6-18(16)17/h4-12H,1-3H3 Key: NXLOLUFNDSBYTP-UHFFFAOYAL;
	SMILES Cc1cccc3c1ccc2cc(C(C)C)ccc23;
Properties
Chemical formula	C18H18
Molar mass	234.33552
Melting point	98.5 °C (209.3 °F; 371.6 K)
Boiling point	390 °C (734 °F; 663 K)
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). verify (what is ?) Infobox references

Retene, methyl isopropyl phenanthrene or 1-methyl-7-isopropyl phenanthrene, C₁₈H₁₈, is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon present in the coal tar fraction, boiling above 360 °C. It occurs naturally in the tars obtained by the distillation of resinous woods. It crystallizes in large plates, which melt at 98.5 °C and boil at 390 °C. It is readily soluble in warm ether and in hot glacial acetic acid. Sodium and boiling amyl alcohol reduce it to a tetrahydroretene, but if it heated with phosphorus and hydriodic acid to 260 °C, a dodecahydride is formed. Chromic acid oxidizes it to retene quinone, phthalic acid and acetic acid. It forms a picrate that melts at 123-124 °C.

Retene is derived by degradation of specific diterpenoids biologically produced by conifer trees. The presence of traces of retene in the air is an indicator of forest fires; it is a major product of pyrolysis of conifer trees.^[1]^{[failed verification – see discussion]} It is also present in effluents from wood pulp and paper mills.^[2]

Retene, together with cadalene, simonellite and ip-iHMN, is a biomarker of vascular plants, which makes it useful for paleobotanic analysis of rock sediments. The ratio of retene/cadalene in sediments can reveal the ratio of the genus Pinaceae in the biosphere.^[3]

Health effects

A recent study has shown retene, which is a component of the Amazonian organic PM10, is cytotoxic to human lung cells.^[4]

References

^ Simonich, Staci. "Community Outreach and Education Program Presents Unsolved Mysteries of Human Health: How Scientists Study Toxic Chemicals". Oregon State University. Archived from the original on 16 March 2008. The presence of the chemical retene (REE-teen) in the air is a good indication of burning vegetation.
^ J. Koistinen, M. Lehtonena, K. Tukia, M. Soimasuo, M. Lahtiperab and A. Oikari (1998). "Identification of lipophilic pollutants discharged from a finnish pulp and paper mill". Chemosphere. 37 (2): 219–235. Bibcode:1998Chmsp..37..219K. doi:10.1016/S0045-6535(98)00041-1. PMID 9650265.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ Y. Hautevelle, R. Michels, F. Malartre and A. Trouiller (2005). "Vascular plant biomarkers as ancient vegetation proxies and their stratigraphic use for tracing paleoclimatic changes during Jurassic in Western Europe" (abstract). Geophysical Research Abstracts. 7: 10201.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ Nilmara de Oliveira Alves, Alexandre Teixeira Vessoni, Annabel Quinet, Rodrigo Soares Fortunato, Gustavo Satoru Kajitani, Milena Simões Peixoto, Sandra de Souza Hacon, Paulo Artaxo, Paulo Saldiva, Carlos Frederico Martins Menck, Silvia Regina Batistuzzo de Medeiros (September 7, 2017). "Biomass burning in the Amazon region causes DNA damage and cell death in human lung cells". Scientific Reports. 7 (1): 10937. Bibcode:2017NatSR...710937D. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-11024-3. PMC 5589902. PMID 28883446.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Retene". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 23 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 202.

[1] Simonich, Staci. "Community Outreach and Education Program Presents Unsolved Mysteries of Human Health: How Scientists Study Toxic Chemicals". Oregon State University. Archived from the original on 16 March 2008. The presence of the chemical retene (REE-teen) in the air is a good indication of burning vegetation.

[2] J. Koistinen, M. Lehtonena, K. Tukia, M. Soimasuo, M. Lahtiperab and A. Oikari (1998). "Identification of lipophilic pollutants discharged from a finnish pulp and paper mill". Chemosphere. 37 (2): 219–235. Bibcode:1998Chmsp..37..219K. doi:10.1016/S0045-6535(98)00041-1. PMID 9650265.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[3] Y. Hautevelle, R. Michels, F. Malartre and A. Trouiller (2005). "Vascular plant biomarkers as ancient vegetation proxies and their stratigraphic use for tracing paleoclimatic changes during Jurassic in Western Europe" (abstract). Geophysical Research Abstracts. 7: 10201.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[4] Nilmara de Oliveira Alves, Alexandre Teixeira Vessoni, Annabel Quinet, Rodrigo Soares Fortunato, Gustavo Satoru Kajitani, Milena Simões Peixoto, Sandra de Souza Hacon, Paulo Artaxo, Paulo Saldiva, Carlos Frederico Martins Menck, Silvia Regina Batistuzzo de Medeiros (September 7, 2017). "Biomass burning in the Amazon region causes DNA damage and cell death in human lung cells". Scientific Reports. 7 (1): 10937. Bibcode:2017NatSR...710937D. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-11024-3. PMC 5589902. PMID 28883446.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

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