The slender antbird (Rhopornis ardesiacus) is an Endangered species of bird in subfamily Thamnophilinae of family Thamnophilidae, the "typical antbirds". It is endemic to Brazil.[1][2]
| Slender antbird | |
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Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Family: | Thamnophilidae |
| Genus: | Rhopornis Richmond, 1902 |
| Species: | R. ardesiacus
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| Binomial name | |
| Rhopornis ardesiacus (Wied, 1831)
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Taxonomy and systematics
editThe slender antbird was described in 1831 as Myiothera ardesiaca.[3] Its current genus Rhopornis was erected in 1902.[4] The slender antbird is the only member of its genus and has no subspecies.[2]
Description
editThe slender antbird is 18 to 19 cm (7.1 to 7.5 in) long and weighs 23 to 28 g (0.81 to 0.99 oz). Adults of both sexes have bright red irises. Males have gray crown and upperparts. Their wings and tail are blackish gray with white edges on the tips of the wing coverts. Their face is mostly gray with a paler "moustache". Their throat is black and their underparts mostly pale gray that is darker on their flanks and crissum. Females have a russet crown and nape, a white throat, and paler underparts than males. Their upperparts, wings, and tail are like the male's.[5][6]
Distribution and habitat
editThe slender antbird is found discontinuously in southeastern Bahia and northeastern Minas Gerais states of eastern Brazil. It primarily inhabits the understorey of dry forest known locally as mata-de-cipó, which is characterized by a somewhat open understorey with large patches of terrestrial bromeliads. It also is found in the ecotones between that biome and both more humid forest and caatinga scrublands. In elevation it occurs between 100 and 1,000 m (300 and 3,300 ft) above sea level.[5][6][7]
Behavior
editMovement
editThe slender antbird is a year-round resident throughout its range.[5]
Feeding
editThe slender antbird feeds on a variety of insects and spiders. It typically forages singly, in pairs, or in family groups in dense vegetation, mostly on the ground and within about 4 m (13 ft) above it but occasionally as high as 7 m (23 ft). It hops between short feeding stops, pumping its tail. It captures prey by gleaning, reaching, jumping (upward and to the ground), lunging from a perch, and by searching leaf litter in bromeliads.[5]
Breeding
editThe slender antbird's breeding season is thought to span from October to February.[5] Its one known nest was a low cup made of dry leaves and vines resting on a leaf that drooped to the ground. It contained two red-spotted pale pink eggs. Both parents incubated the clutch; the incubation period was at least 13 days. The time to fledging was not determined because the nest was empty, apparently predated, six days after the young hatched.[8]
Vocalization
editThe slender antbird's song is a "very high, loud, increasing series of 7-9 rather sharp 'peer' notes without intervals".[6] Both sexes sing it, with the female starting during the male's song bout. The species' calls include "an abrupt, indistinct compound note sounding like 'brrt', a sharp upslurred 'seep', soft chatters, and [a] short (e.g. 0·9 seconds) chattering rattle that decelerates".[5]
Status
editThe IUCN originally in 1988 assessed the slender antbird as Threatened but since 1994 as Endangered. It has "a very small and severely fragmented range [with] records from few locations". Its estimated population of between 600 and 1700 mature individuals is believed to be decreasing. "Dry forest in east Bahia has been reduced to scattered fragments by rapid and continuing clearance for cattle pasture as well as clearance for firewood by local communities [and] much of what remains is apparently unsuitable for the species since many woodlots are highly disturbed by livestock."[1] Though its nominal total range covers about 20,000 km2 (7,700 sq mi), it actually inhabits areas totaling less than 500 km2 (190 sq mi).[9] It does occur in Boa Nova National Park but "[f]urther protected areas are needed, particularly in remnant forests of Minas Gerais".[5]
References
edit
- ^ a b c BirdLife International (2016). "Slender Antbird Rhopornis ardesiacus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22701706A93845408. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22701706A93845408.en. Retrieved 18 August 2024.
- ^ a b Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (January 2024). "Antbirds". IOC World Bird List. v 14.1. Retrieved 4 January 2024.
- ^ Weid, Maximilia, Prinzen zu (1831). Beiträge zur Naturgeschichte von Brasilien (in German). Vol. Zweite Abtheilung. Weimar. pp. 1055–1057.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Richmond, Charles W. (1902). "Note on the name Rhopocichla". Proc.Biol.Soc.Wash. XV: 35. Retrieved August 18, 2024.
- ^ a b c d e f g Zimmer, K., M.L. Isler, and C. J. Sharpe (2020). Slender Antbird (Rhopornis ardesiacus), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.sleant1.01 retrieved August 18, 2024
- ^ a b c van Perlo, Ber (2009). A Field Guide to the Birds of Brazil. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 254–255. ISBN 978-0-19-530155-7.
- ^ Ribon, R. and Maldonado-Coelho, M. (2001). Range extension for Slender Antbird Rhopornis ardesiaca with comments on external morphology of adults. Cotinga 16: 52–56.
- ^ Luiz, E.R. (2008). Reproductive notes on the Slender Antbird Rhopornis ardesiacus. Cotinga. 30: 65–67.
- ^ Luiz, E.R., dos Santos, S.S., Flores, F.M., Zorzin, G., Ferreira, H.M., Camurugi, E., de Carvalho, H.D.S. and Ribon, R.R. (2015). Geographic distribution, population size, conservation status and type locality of Slender Antbird Rhopornis ardesiacus. Cotinga. 37: 101–106.