The Boot Heel volcanic field is located in the Bootheel region of southwest New Mexico, adjacent areas of southeastern Arizona, and northwest Mexico. The field covers an area of more than 24,000 km2.[2] The field includes nine volcanic calderas ranging in age from 26.9 to 35.3 Ma. Extrusive products include rhyolitic ignimbrites along with basalt, andesite, and rhyolite lava flows. The major ash flow tuff sheets produced, range in volume from 35 to 650 km3.[2]
| Boot Heel volcanic field | |
|---|---|
.JPG) Volcanic vent at the head of the lava flow west of Animas, New Mexico at the base of the Peloncillo Mountains. | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 2,300 m (7,500 ft)[1] |
| Coordinates | 32°30′N 109°15′W / 32.5°N 109.25°W[1] |
| Geography | |
 | |
| Location | Mexico–United States border |
| Geology | |
| Rock age | 3.2 to 0.3 million years[1] |
| Mountain type | volcanic field |
Activity throughout most of the Boot Heel volcanic field paused between 33 and 28 million years ago. The earlier pulse of activity involved less evolved magmas, while the later pulse was relatively depleted in volatiles.[3] The pause in activity has been interpreted as a period of tectonic reorganization along the west coast of North America, including the birth of the San Andreas Fault, that temporarily shifted volcanism to the east.[4]
The field includes the Geronimo-Animas volcanic field and the Palomas volcanic field.[5][6]
Geronimo volcanic field
editThe Geronimo volcanic field (also known as the San Bernardino volcanic field) is a monogenetic volcanic field and a sub-section of the Boot Heel volcanic field in southeastern Arizona, US.[1]
Calderas
editThe calderas of the Boot Heel field and their associated ignimbrites include:[2][7]
- Pyramid Mountains
- Muir caldera 35.3 Ma (tuff of Woodhall Canyon)
- Peloncillo Mountains
- Steins caldera 34.4 Ma (tuff of Steins)
- Animas Mountains
- Juniper caldera 33.5 Ma (Oak Creek Tuff)
- Animas Peak caldera 33.5 Ma (tuff of Black Bill Canyon)
- Tullous caldera 35.1 Ma (Bluff Creek Tuff)
- Chiricahua Mountains[4]
- Geronimo Trail caldera 32.7 Ma (Gillespie Tuff)
- Clanton Draw caldera 27.4 Ma (Park Tuff)
- Portal caldera 27.6 Ma (tuff of Horseshoe Canyon)
- Turkey Creek caldera 26.9 Ma (Rhyolite Canyon Tuff)
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b c d Wood, Charles A.; Jürgen Kienle (1993). Volcanoes of North America. Cambridge University Press. pp. 287–289. ISBN 0-521-43811-X.
- ^ a b c Baldridge, W. Scott, Geology of the American Southwest, Cambridge, 2004, pp. 219-223 ISBN 978-0-521-01666-7
- ^ McIntosh, Wiliam C.; Bryan, Charles (2000). "Chronology and geochemistry of the Boot Heel volcanic field, New Mexico" (PDF). New Mexico Geological Society Field Conference Series. 51: 157–174. Retrieved 11 August 2021.
- ^ a b du Bray, Edward A.; Pallister, John S.; Snee, Lawrence W. (2004). "Geochemistry and Geochronology of Middle Tertiary Volcanic Rocks of the Central Chiricahua Mountains, Southeast Arizona". United States Geological Survey Professional Paper. 1684. doi:10.3133/pp1684. hdl:2027/osu.32435071403786.
- ^ Chapin, C.E.; Wilks, M.; McIntosh, W.C. (2004). "Space-time patterns of Late Cretaceous to present magmatism in New Mexico—comparison with Andean volcanism and potential for future volcanism" (PDF). New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources Bulletin. 160: 13–40. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-06-09. Retrieved 2010-04-29.
- ^ "Volcanoes of New Mexico". New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science. New Mexico Department of Cultural Affairs. Archived from the original on 2007-05-01. Retrieved 2007-06-14.
- ^ McIntosh & Bryan 2000, p. 158.