Richard Wayne Snell (May 21, 1930 – April 19, 1995) was an American white supremacist convicted of killing two people, a black police officer and a pawn shop owner whom he mistook for a Jew, in Arkansas between November 3, 1983, and June 30, 1984. Snell was sentenced to death for one of the murders, and executed by lethal injection in 1995.[1]
Richard Snell | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | Richard Wayne Snell May 21, 1930 Oklahoma, U.S. |
| Died | April 19, 1995 (aged 64) |
| Cause of death | Execution by lethal injection |
| Organization | The Covenant, the Sword, and the Arm of the Lord |
| Criminal status | Executed |
| Motive | White supremacy Antisemitism |
| Conviction(s) | Capital murder (2 counts) |
| Criminal penalty | Death |
| Details | |
| Date | November 3, 1983–June 30, 1984 |
| Country | United States |
| Location(s) | Arkansas |
| Killed | William Stumpp, 36 Louis P. Bryant, 37 |
| Weapons | .22 Ruger with silencer .45 Colt Commander .223 Ruger Mini-14 |
Background
editRichard Snell was a member of the white supremacist group The Covenant, The Sword, and the Arm of the Lord (known as the CSA), which was started in 1971 in the small community of Elijah, Missouri, by polygamist James Ellison. He was also a believer in the Christian Identity religion, and frequented Elohim City, a private community located in Oklahoma. The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF) had ongoing investigations into the organization. By the end of their operations, the ATF obtained 155 Krugerrands (gold coins), one live light antitank rocket (LAW), 94 long guns, 30 handguns, 35 sawed-off shotguns and machine guns, one light machine gun (a Japanese copy of the World War I Lewis, in .303 caliber), and three and a half bars of C-4 explosives.[2] Much of this arsenal had been stolen.[2]
Snell was involved in the filming of planes that landed at Mena Intermountain Municipal Airport in Mena, Arkansas, thought of by Snell and many conspiracy theorists to be used in a government-sanctioned operation of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) to smuggle drugs into the United States. Snell had claimed that law enforcement agencies, both state and those local to that area of western Arkansas, were involved in the cover-up of the Mena airport drug smuggling. He had also made claims that he had filmed the then-governor of Arkansas, Bill Clinton, at Mena Intermountain Municipal Airport, but that claim has never been proven. Snell further claimed that one of the Arkansas state troopers assigned to Clinton's security team at that time had beaten Snell's wife in an attempt to force her to reveal the location of the alleged video footage Snell had taken at the airport.[3]
In 1983, Snell, accompanied by fellow CSA members William Thomas and Steven (Stephen) Scott, attempted to dynamite a natural gas pipeline near Fulton, Arkansas, unsuccessfully. Scott was eventually captured and convicted of that crime, while several other CSA members were arrested on various other charges, mostly weapons violations. By 1985, the CSA had essentially fallen into inactivity due to most of its members having been either killed or incarcerated.[4]
Murders and execution
editSnell, known to his friends as "Wayne", was an anomaly amongst the militants of the CSA, in that he operated autonomously, using the CSA compound as his base of operation. Steven Scott, a frequent collaborator with Snell, gave this information in a federal prison holding cell to one of the then members.
On November 3, 1983, Snell, accompanied by Thomas and Scott, shot and killed pawn shop owner William Stumpp, who he mistakenly believed was of Jewish descent, in Arkansas.[5] Thomas waited outside while Scott followed Snell inside.[6]
On June 30, 1984, Snell killed black Arkansas State Trooper Louis P. Bryant near De Queen, Arkansas.[7][8] Snell then left the scene and drove across the Oklahoma state line. A truck driver who witnessed the killing of Officer Bryant followed him and contacted the Broken Bow police department. The police officers there set up a roadblock, where they engaged Snell in a shootout that resulted in Snell being hit six times in the abdomen, knee, and ankle. Snell was then arrested and returned to Arkansas for trial, where he was convicted of murder and sentenced to life in prison for the murder of Bryant and death for the murder of Stumpp. Snell never denied the allegations made against him, or the crimes he was accused of having committed.[citation needed]
In exchange for testimony against Snell, Thomas was allowed to plead guilty to a federal racketeering charge. He was sentenced to 12 years in prison, to run concurrently to other sentences imposed by Missouri and federal courts. In 1987, Scott pleaded guilty to a non-capital charge of first degree murder. He was sentenced to 30 years in prison, with 15 years suspended.[6]
Snell was held at the Tucker Maximum Security Unit until April 15, 1995, when he was transferred to the execution site.[9] Snell's death sentence was carried out on April 19, 1995, at the Cummins Unit in Lincoln County, Arkansas.[10]
Oklahoma City bombing
editHe was executed on the same day that Timothy McVeigh carried out the Oklahoma City bombing, which destroyed the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building. Snell had been accused of plotting to bomb the Murrah Building in 1983. Fort Smith-based federal prosecutor Steven Snyder told the FBI in May 1995 that Snell wanted to blow the Oklahoma City building as revenge for the IRS raiding his home.[11][12] Snell abandoned his plan after the rocket launcher he'd been practicing with exploded in his hands. He took this as a sign that God didn't want him to go ahead with the plan.[13] Snell had repeatedly predicted there would be a bombing on the day of his execution.[12]
Snell watched televised reports of the Oklahoma City bombing on the day of his execution. Reports of his reaction varied, and Snell was either appalled at what he saw or was "smiling and chuckling and nodding."[13][11] One theory holds that Timothy McVeigh committed his bombing in retaliation for Snell's execution. McVeigh, however, said that his primary motivation for the bombing was retaliation against the government for its Waco siege that took place exactly two years prior on April 19, 1993, and the government's handling of the Ruby Ridge crisis. McVeigh never testified as to why he chose the Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City.
In his last words before being executed, Snell addressed then-Governor Jim Guy Tucker:
Well, I had a lot to say, but you have me at an inconvenience. My mind is blurred, but I’m going to say a couple of words. Governor Tucker, look over your shoulder; justice is coming. I wouldn't trade places with you or any of your cronies. Hell has victories. I am at peace.[14][15]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "Clipped From Baxter Bulletin". Baxter Bulletin. 1985-07-03. p. 9. Retrieved 2022-04-19.
- ^ a b FBI (May 20, 1985). "The Covenant, The Sword, The Arm of the Lord; Domestic Security/Terrorism" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on December 18, 2008. Retrieved November 4, 2008.
- ^ "Arkansas Business' 25 Cases of Mystery & Mayhem (25th Anniversary)". Arkansas Business. 23 March 2009. Retrieved 2023-03-12.
- ^ Harris, Jim (26 August 2021). "Snell had raging hate in his heart". The Saline Courier. Archived from the original on 12 March 2023. Retrieved 2023-03-12 – via PressReader.
- ^ Martin, Gus (15 June 2011). The SAGE Encyclopedia of Terrorism, Second Edition. SAGE Publications. ISBN 9781452266381. Retrieved 2020-04-24.
- ^ a b "Snell v. Lockhart, 791 F. Supp. 1367 | Casetext Search + Citator". casetext.com. Retrieved 2022-04-19.
- ^ "It's been 35 years since a white supremacist killed an Arkansas state trooper". THV11. July 2019. Retrieved 2020-04-24.
- ^ Trooper Louis P. Bryant Archived 2007-09-30 at the Wayback Machine. The Officer Down Memorial, Inc.. Retrieved on 2007-11-15.
- ^ "Murderer Moved to Death Watch Cell" (Archived 2015-04-02 at the Wayback Machine). Associated Press at The Oklahoman. April 16, 1995. Retrieved on March 13, 2015.
- ^ "White Supremacist Executed For Murdering 2 in Arkansas." The New York Times. April 21, 1995. Retrieved on March 13, 2015. "VARNER, Ark., April 20— Richard Wayne Snell, a white supremacist who expressed no remorse for killing a Jewish businessman and a black police officer, was put to death by lethal injection on Wednesday night,...While insisting they had taken no extraordinary precautions against possible efforts to interfere with the execution, the police were visible at the Cummins Unit of the Arkansas prison system. Mr. Snell was taken to the execution site here on Monday by National Guard helicopter before dawn."
- ^ a b Thomas, Jo; Ronald Smothers (May 20, 1995). "Oklahoma City Building Was Target Of Plot as Early as '83, Official Says". The New York Times. Archived from the original on January 7, 2013.
- ^ a b "The Oklahoma City Bomb Trial: The Denver Post Online". extras.denverpost.com. Retrieved 2022-04-19.
- ^ a b "Jon Ronson on Timothy McVeigh". the Guardian. 2001-05-05. Retrieved 2022-04-19.
- ^ "ExecutedToday.com » 1995: Richard Snell – did he go out with a bang?". 19 April 2008.
- ^ "White Supremacist Put to Death After Killing Pawn Shop Operator". Associated Press.
Further reading
edit- Anti-Defamation League (August 9, 2002). "Elohim City: Extremism in America". ADL.com. Archived from the original on April 10, 2007. Retrieved April 19, 2007.
- Elliott, Jeff (June 10, 2001). "A Short History Of April 19, 1995, 9:02". Albion Monitor.
- Pankratz, Howard (July 29, 1995). "Bombing plotted earlier?". The Denver Post.
- Ronson, Jon (May 4, 2001). "Conspirators". The Guardian.