Riyad Farid Hijab (Arabic: رياض فريد حجاب, romanized: Riyāḍ Farīd Ḥijāb; born 1966) is a Syrian politician. He was Prime Minister of Syria from June to August 2012, serving under President Bashar al-Assad. From 2011 to 2012, he was Minister of Agriculture.
Riyad Farid Hijab | |
|---|---|
| رياض فريد حجاب | |
.jpg) Hijab at the 2016 Munich Security Conference | |
| Prime Minister of Syria | |
| In office 23 June 2012 – 6 August 2012 | |
| President | Bashar al-Assad |
| Preceded by | Adel Safar |
| Succeeded by | Omar Ibrahim Ghalawanji (Acting) |
| Minister of Agriculture and Agrarian Reform | |
| In office 14 April 2011 – 6 August 2012 | |
| Prime Minister | Adel Safar |
| Preceded by | Adel Safar |
| Succeeded by | Subhi Ahmad al-Abdullah |
| Governor of Latakia | |
| In office February 2011 – April 2011 | |
| Governor of Quneitra | |
| In office 2008–2011 | |
| Secretary of the branch of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party in Deir ez-Zor | |
| In office 2004–2008 | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 1966 (age 57–58) Deir ez-Zor, Syria |
| Political party | Ba'ath Party (until 7 August 2012) |
| Other political affiliations | National Progressive Front (before 2012) |
On 6 August 2012, the Syrian government released a statement saying that Hijab had been dismissed.[citation needed] Shortly thereafter, a man describing himself as Hijab's spokesman and several news organizations stated he had defected to the side of the Syrian opposition involved in the Syrian revolution.[1] Hijab managed to escape to Jordan with 45 members of his family, with the help of a large number of members of the Free Syrian Army.[2]
Early life and education
editHijab was born into a Sunni Muslim family of the city of Deir ez-Zor in Deir ez-Zor Governorate in 1966.[3] He holds a doctorate (PhD) in agricultural engineering.[4]
Career
editHijab was the president of the Azzour branch of the National Union of Syrian Students from 1989 to 1998, and [citation needed] he was a member of the leadership of the Ba'ath Party Branch from 1998 to 2004. In 2004, Hijab became secretary of the Deir ez-Zor branch of the Ba'ath Party, a post which he retained until 2008.[4]
Hijab was appointed governor of Quneitra Governorate in 2008, and on 22 February 2011, he was appointed governor of Latakia Governorate.[5] His appointment occurred at the initial phase of the Syrian civil war.[6] He was also named as the head of the security committee in the province to monitor and suppress the opposition activities.[6] He was appointed minister of agriculture and agrarian reform on 14 April 2011, replacing Adel Safar who had been named Prime Minister of Syria.[4]
On 6 June 2012, after a parliamentary election, which was boycotted by the rebels, Hijab was named by President Bashar al-Assad as Prime Minister of Syria. BBC News described him as "a staunch Assad loyalist and a key member of the ruling Ba'ath Party." The appointment reportedly surprised experts, as al-Assad had been expected to give his government more credibility by naming a non-Ba'athist.[5] Shortly after his appointment as prime minister, the US Treasury sanctioned him.[3]
Defection
editAccording to Hijab's former spokesman Mohammad Otari, Hijab resigned, and he and his family defected to Jordan on 6 August 2012.[7] Syrian state TV reported that Hijab had been "sacked" and that Deputy PM Omar Ibrahim Ghalawanji would become the head of a new caretaker government.[citation needed] Hijab released a statement through Otari criticizing the current Syrian government, calling it a "terrorist regime". The statement declared "I am from today a soldier in this blessed revolution". According to Otari, Hijab had been planning his defection for months with the help of the Free Syrian Army.[7][8][9][10] Hijab was reportedly heading for Qatar, an active supporter of the Syrian rebels.[11] Speaking in Amman, Jordan, on 14 August 2012, Hijab alleged that Assad's current government was collapsing "morally, financially and militarily", allegedly only controlling a mere 30% of the entire country still. He called on the Syrian Arab Army and its officers to join the rebellion against president Assad and the Ba'ath party government and for the opposition forces to unite.[12] On 17 August, Hijab held meetings in Doha, Qatar, to discuss Assad's toppling and to attempt unification of Syrian opposition forces.[13]
According to his spokesman Otari on 6 August, Hijab also encouraged other officials to defect,[7] and opposition sources claimed that three other ministers as well as three army generals defected on the same day. However, one of the ministers named by the opposition, Treasurer of Syria Mohamad Gillati appeared on Syrian television later in the day to deny the rumors of his defection to the rebellion.[citation needed]
Though Hijab was not considered a member of Assad's inner circle,[7] BBC News described his departure as the "highest-profile defection since the uprising began in March 2011" and "a stunning blow to President Assad".[8] Guardian writer Ian Black called it "a propaganda coup for the opposition" but not a "fatal blow".[11] The United States government stated that the "defection" showed Assad's government was "crumbling from within". The Barack Obama administration again called for al-Assad's resignation.[14]
Hijab's duties were fulfilled ad-interim by Syrian minister Omar Ibrahim Ghalawanji, who on 9 August 2012 transferred his duties to newly appointed Prime Minister of Syria Dr. Wael Nader al-Halqi, formerly Syrian Minister of Public Health, a Jasim-born Sunni Ba'ath Party official and professor of medical science. President al-Assad rated Hijab's defection as rather positive by stating that it was "self-cleansing of the government firstly, and the country generally".[15] According to Der Spiegel, Hijab and other prominent Syrian defectors were bribed by the French secret services inside the country as well as by Qatar.[16]
Moussa al-Omar conveyed his concerns over the medical treatment and health of Hijab in a tweet.[17]
Role in Syrian opposition
editHijab was selected in Riyadh in December 2015 by Syrian opposition as a head of the Supreme Negotiations Committee (also called Higher Negotiation Committee) which selected the negotiation delegation for the Geneva III negotiation process.[18] In 2017 he resigned as head of the group following Saudi pressure.[19]
Political positions
editHijab has said that he is against federalism in Syria.[20][21]
Personal life
editHijab is married and has four children[5] and is a Sunni Muslim.[22]
References
edit- ^ "Syrian Prime Minister defects". RTÉ. 6 August 2012. Archived from the original on 29 September 2012. Retrieved 17 August 2012.
- ^ قصة انشقاق حجاب وخروجه من سوريا [The story of Hijab's defection and his exit from Syria]. الجزيرة (in Arabic). 6 August 2012.
- ^ a b "Syria Designations; Non-proliferation Designations". US Department of the Treasury. 18 July 2012. Archived from the original on 31 January 2019. Retrieved 15 March 2013.
- ^ a b c "Profile: Riad Farid Hijab". Al Jazeera. 6 August 2012. Archived from the original on 3 August 2018. Retrieved 6 August 2012.
- ^ a b c "Syria's Assad names Riad Hijab as new prime minister". BBC News. 6 June 2012. Archived from the original on 8 May 2019. Retrieved 1 July 2012.
- ^ a b "Syria's new PM's violent past". Asharq Alawsat. 7 June 2012. Archived from the original on 10 June 2015. Retrieved 5 April 2013.
- ^ a b c d "Syrian prime minister joins opposition". Al Jazeera. 6 August 2012. Archived from the original on 30 November 2016. Retrieved 6 August 2012.
- ^ a b "Syria PM Riad Hijab defects to Jordan". BBC News. 6 August 2012. Archived from the original on 4 April 2019. Retrieved 6 August 2012.
- ^ Razzouk, Nayla; Carey, Glen (6 August 2012). "Syria Dismisses Prime Minister Hijab Amid Defection Reports". Bloomberg. Retrieved 6 August 2012.
- ^ "Syrian prime minister defects, flees to Jordan". The Leader. Associated Press. 6 August 2012. Archived from the original on 5 January 2013. Retrieved 10 August 2012.
- ^ a b Black, Ian (6 August 2012). "Syria's latest defection: prime minister's move is PR defeat rather than fatal blow". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 29 August 2024. Retrieved 6 August 2012.
- ^ "Syria's ex-PM Riad Hijab says regime is collapsing". BBC News. 14 August 2012. Archived from the original on 14 April 2019. Retrieved 14 August 2012.
- ^ "Former Syrian PM in Qatar to discuss toppling Assad". Chicago Tribune. Reuters. 17 August 2012. Archived from the original on 1 August 2013. Retrieved 18 August 2012.
- ^ "Defection of Syrian PM shows Assad 'crumbling from within:' White House". Al Arabiya. 6 December 2012. Archived from the original on 7 August 2012. Retrieved 6 August 2012.
- ^ "Assad says military 'needs time to win battle'". The Daily Star. 29 August 2012. Retrieved 29 August 2012.
- ^ "EU-Staaten sollen syrische Überläufer bezahlt haben" [EU countries are said to have paid Syrian defectors]. Der Spiegel (in German). 21 August 2012. Archived from the original on 23 September 2012. Retrieved 18 September 2012.
- ^ al-Omar, Moussa [@MousaAlomar] (24 February 2017). نتمنى السلامة للدكتور رياض حجاب ( ابو خالد ) في ظرفه الصحي حيث يتلقى العلاج في الولايات المتحدة منذ أيام ، لا بأس [We wish Dr. Riad Hijab (Abu Khaled) good health, as he has been receiving treatment in the United States for days. He is fine.] (Tweet) – via Twitter.
- ^ "Assad Regime Dissidents to Head Opposition Negotiations Team". Syrian Observer. Zaman al-Wasl. 16 December 2015. Archived from the original on 1 February 2016. Retrieved 4 January 2016.
- ^ "America's neglect and confusion aggravate problems in the Arab world". The Economist. 2 December 2017. Archived from the original on 3 December 2017. Retrieved 3 December 2017.
- ^ Goudsouzian, Tanya; Fatah, Lara (17 March 2016). "Why Syria's Kurds want federalism, and who opposes it". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 17 March 2016. Retrieved 30 July 2016.
- ^ Arafat, Hisham (5 April 2016). "Syrian opposition apologizes for insulting Kurds". Kurdistan 24. Archived from the original on 21 May 2019. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
- ^ "Syria's Assad appoints new prime minister". Al Jazeera. 9 August 2012. Archived from the original on 11 May 2019. Retrieved 22 May 2013.