Robert Hall McCormick (June 8, 1780 – July 4, 1846) was an American inventor who invented numerous devices including a version of the reaper which his eldest son Cyrus McCormick patented in 1834 and became the foundation of the International Harvester Company. Although he lived his life in rural Virginia, he was patriarch of the McCormick family that became influential throughout the world, especially in large cities such as Chicago, Washington, D.C., and New York City.[1]
Robert McCormick Jr. | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | June 8, 1780 |
| Died | July 4, 1846 (aged 66) Spottswood, Augusta County, Virginia, USA |
| Spouse |
Mary Ann Hall
(m. 1808) |
| Children |
|
| Parent(s) | Robert McCormick Sr. Martha Sanderson |
| Relatives | McCormick family |
| Signature | |
.png){kind=small} | |
Early life
editMcCormick was born June 8, 1780, on the family estate of Walnut Grove in Rockbridge County, Virginia, in the Shenandoah Valley on the western side of the Blue Ridge Mountains. His parents were Revolutionary War veteran Robert McCormick Sr. and Martha (née Sanderson) McCormick. Robert Jr. had five elder siblings: George, Martha, Elizabeth, William, and James.[2]
McCormick's maternal grandparents were Scottish immigrants, George Sanderson and Catharine (née Ross) Sanderson.[2]: 117 His paternal grandparents were Thomas (1702–1762) and Elizabeth (née Carruth) McCormick, Presbyterian immigrants born in County Londonderry and County Antrim, Ireland respectively who married in 1728 and settled in Cumberland County, Pennsylvania in 1735.[list 1]
Career
editMcCormick and his wife Polly raised their eight children on the farm who grew up helping in the shop and the mill. He frequently busied himself with small gadgets and inventions around the farm.[5] By 1809, McCormick had constructed a partially completed reaper. He eventually decided to formalize some of his work when he applied for a patent in 1830 for a "hemp-break", a device for breaking hemp and flax. He also produced a threshing machine, a clover sheller of stone, a blacksmith's bellows and a hill-side plow.[6]
By 1831, he had completed a reaper.[7] He was encouraged by Polly to give it to their assertive and business-minded son Cyrus, who was able to improve and patent it in 1834 and establish the McCormick Harvesting Machine Company which led to the great wealth the family accumulated.[5]
Personal life
editOn February 11, 1808, McCormick was married to Mary Ann McChesney "Polly" Hall (1780–1853), a daughter of Patrick Hall and Susan (née McChesney) Hall,[7] and was granted ownership of Walnut Grove, the family estate, in 1810.[8]: 82 Together, Robert and Polly were the parents of eight children:[2]
- Cyrus Hall McCormick (1809–1884), who moved to Chicago and married Nettie Fowler in 1858.[2]
- Robert Hall McCormick (1810–1826).[2]
- Susan Jane McCormick (1813–1826).[2]
- William Sanderson McCormick (1815–1865), who joined Cyrus in Chicago and married Mary Ann Grigsby in 1848.[2]
- Mary Caroline McCormick (1817–1888), who married Rev. James Shields IV in 1847.[2]
- Leander James McCormick (1819–1900), who also joined Cyrus in Chicago and married Henrietta Maria Hamilton in 1845.[2][9]
- John Prestly McCormick (1820–1849).[2]
- Amanda Joanna McCormick (1822–1891), who married Hugh Adams in 1845.[2]
He died on July 4, 1846. He and his wife were buried in the cemetery of the Old Providence Stone Church just north of the estate.
Legacy
editIn 2002, Robert Jr. and his three surviving sons had a variety of wheat named after them, for "inventing, perfecting, manufacturing, and marketing of the mechanical grain reaper [which] ushered in the era of modern agriculture and wrought one of the greatest advancements in agricultural history." McCormick is a soft red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) developed and released in May 2002 by the Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station.[10]
Family tree
edit|
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Notes:
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
References
edit- ^ "McCormick Reaper Centennial Source Material -- 1954" (PDF) (Booklet). Wisconsin Historical Society. 1954.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Leander James McCormick (1896). Family record and biography. L.J. McCormick. pp. 300–303.
- ^ McCormick, Leander James (1896). Family Record and Biography. L.J. McCormick. p. 15.
- ^ Morrison, Heather S. (2015). Inventors of Food and Agriculture Technology. Cavendish Square Publishing, LLC. p. 103. ISBN 9781502606648. Retrieved May 4, 2019.
- ^ a b Norbert Lyons (1955). The McCormick reaper legend: the true story of a great invention. New York: Exposition Press.
- ^ Inventors and Inventions. Marshall Cavendish. 2008. p. 1040. ISBN 9780761477679. Retrieved May 4, 2019.
- ^ a b International Harvester World. International Harvester Company of America. 1921. p. 36. Retrieved May 4, 2019.
- ^ Herbert Newton Casson (2009) [1909]. Cyrus Hall Mccormick: His Life and Work. BiblioBazaar, LLC. ISBN 978-1-110-23294-9.
- ^ McCormick, Leander J. (1896). Family Record and Biography. L.J. McCormick. ISBN 9780608317670. Retrieved May 4, 2019.
- ^ Registration of 'McCormick' Wheat, by C. Griffey, et al., Crop Science, 45: 417-419 (July 31, 2005)
Bundled references