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Roberta Rudnick

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Roberta L. Rudnick (born 1958)[2] is an American earth scientist and professor of geology at the University of California, Santa Barbara. She was elected a member of the National Academy of Sciences in 2010 and was awarded the Dana Medal by the Mineralogical Society of America. Rudnick is a world expert in the continental crust and lithosphere.[1][3]

Roberta Rudnick
Born
Roberta L. Rudnick

(1958-08-23) August 23, 1958 (age 66)[2]
Alma materPortland State University (BS)
Sul Ross State University (MS)
Australian National University (PhD)
SpouseWilliam F. McDonough
AwardsDana Medal (2012)
Harry H. Hess Medal (2017)
Scientific career
Fields
Institutions
ThesisThe Nature of the lower continental crust (1987)
Doctoral advisorStuart Ross Taylor
Websitewww.geol.ucsb.edu/people/roberta-rudnick

Early life and education

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Rudnick grew up in Portland, Oregon.[4] She completed her undergraduate studies in earth sciences at Portland State University in 1980.[2][5] She was only fifty miles from the eruption of Mount St. Helens.[4] After graduating, Rudnick moved to Sul Ross State University for her master's degree, specialising in geology.[2][6] She worked on the geochemistry of metamorphic rocks in Van Horn, Texas.[4][7] Her master's thesis was titled the Petrography, Geochemistry and Tectonic Affinities of Meta-Igneous Rocks from the Precambrian Carrizo Mountain Group.[8] In 1988, Rudnick earned her PhD at the Australian National University.[2][9] Her supervisor, Stuart Ross Taylor, studied the upper continental crust.[4] Rudnick was inspired to study the deep crust below, and chose to investigate granulites.[4] She worked out the chemical composition and depths of xenoliths.[10] Whilst she was a student she used the Sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) to date ancient zircons.[11] She identified that granulites were depleted in soluble elements.[12]

Research and career

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Rudnick was appointed a von Humboldt postdoctoral fellow at the Max Planck Institute for Chemistry in 1987.[2] She returned to the Australian National University as a research fellow in 1989.[2] She worked with Ian Jackson and Dave Fountain on the lower continental crust.[4][13] In 1994 Rudnick joined Harvard University as assistant professor, before being promoted to Associate in 1997.[2] Her work on the evolution of the continental crust has been cited over one thousand times.[14] It explored the andesitic composition of continental crust that cannot be produced by basaltic magmatism - the building blocks of the continental crust do not match the edifice.[14] There were several theories that explained the depletion; that the foundering of the magnesium and iron-rich lower crust occurs when tectonic plates force the deep crust to recrystallise, that exposure to air and water causes chemical weathering and that the basaltic oceanic crusts melts when it is subducted.[4] Rudnick believes all three theories could explain the paradox of the composition of the crust.[4] During subduction, ocean crust drops down, producing a series of volcanoes that are basaltic at first and later become non-basalt like.[4] High magnesium rocks concentrate at the bottom.[4]

She joined the University of Maryland, College Park, in 2000.[4] When she arrived at Maryland she began to consider the use of lithium isotopes to study near-surface continental processes.[15] She used lithium isotopes to explore the influence of weathering on the composition of the continental crust.[16] Lithium isotopes allowed her to trace recycling in crusts and other diffusional processes in earth.[17] She demonstrated that reactive transport causes kinetic isotope fractionation.[18][19] She studied ancient glacial tills and demonstrated that ancient continents were rich in iron and magnesium.[20] She also worked on geoneutrinos, helping physicists at the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory and USArray identify whether neutrinos come from the core, mantle or crust of earth.[4]

Rudnick has served as editor-in-chief of Chemical Geology from 2000 to 2010.[21] In 2012 she was made Department Chair.[4] In 2015 Rudnick joined University of California, Santa Barbara as a Professor of Earth Sciences.[22] There she continued work on using isotope fractionation to understand how chemical weathering of the continental crust has evolved alongside changing atmospheric chemistry.[23] She is working on the concentration of heat producing elements (potassium, thorium and uranium) in the continental crust to estimate the Moho temperature.[24]

Awards and honors

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Rudnick is a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and a foreign member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.[17] She has received several large grants from the National Science Foundation.[25] Other awards include:

References

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  1. ^ a b Roberta Rudnick publications indexed by Google Scholar  
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h "Roberta L". geol.umd.edu. Retrieved 2018-08-12.
  3. ^ Roberta Rudnick publications indexed by the Scopus bibliographic database. (subscription required)
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Downey, Philip (2012). "Profile of Roberta L. Rudnick". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 109 (49): 19873–19875. Bibcode:2012PNAS..10919873D. doi:10.1073/pnas.1219069109. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 3523877. PMID 23169649.
  5. ^ "Portland State College of Liberal Arts & Sciences: Department of Geology | Alumni M through Z". pdx.edu. Retrieved 2018-08-12.
  6. ^ "GOOD NEWS: Sul Ross honors athletic standouts, distinguished alumni". Odessa American. Retrieved 2018-08-12.
  7. ^ Rudnick, Roberta L. (1983). "Geochemistry and tectonic affinities of a Proterozoic bimodal igneous suite, west Texas". Geology. 11 (6): 352–355. Bibcode:1983Geo....11..352R. doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1983)11<352:gataoa>2.0.co;2. ISSN 0091-7613.
  8. ^ "Sul Ross State University, Fifty-Eighth Annual Commencement" (PDF). Sul Ross University. 1983-05-13. Retrieved 2018-08-11.
  9. ^ Rudnick, Roberta L. (1987). The nature of the lower continental crust (PhD thesis). Australian National University. OCLC 222186796.
  10. ^ Rudnick, R. L.; Taylor, S. R. (1987). "The composition and petrogenesis of the lower crust: A xenolith study". Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth. 92 (B13): 13981–14005. Bibcode:1987JGR....9213981R. doi:10.1029/jb092ib13p13981. ISSN 0148-0227.
  11. ^ authors, various (1987). "Dating the lower crust by ion microprobe". Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 85 (1–3): 145–161. Bibcode:1987E&PSL..85..145R. doi:10.1016/0012-821X(87)90028-8. ISSN 0012-821X.
  12. ^ authors, Various (1985). "Large ion lithophile elements in rocks from high-pressure granulite facies terrains". Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 49 (7): 1645–1655. Bibcode:1985GeCoA..49.1645R. doi:10.1016/0016-7037(85)90268-6. ISSN 0016-7037.
  13. ^ Rudnick, Roberta L.; Fountain, David M. (1995). "Nature and composition of the continental crust: A lower crustal perspective". Reviews of Geophysics. 33 (3): 267. Bibcode:1995RvGeo..33..267R. doi:10.1029/95rg01302. ISSN 8755-1209.
  14. ^ a b Rudnick, Roberta L. (1995). "Making continental crust". Nature. 378 (6557): 571–578. Bibcode:1995Natur.378..571R. doi:10.1038/378571a0. ISSN 0028-0836. S2CID 4312218.
  15. ^ a b "Roberta Rudnick Receives 2017 Harry H. Hess Medal - Eos". Eos.org. Retrieved 2018-08-12.
  16. ^ Liu, Xiao-Ming; Rudnick, Roberta L. (2011). "Constraints on continental crustal mass loss via chemical weathering using lithium and its isotopes". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 108 (52): 20873–20880. Bibcode:2011PNAS..10820873L. doi:10.1073/pnas.1115671108. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 3248527. PMID 22184221.
  17. ^ a b "Meeting Information". www.aps.org. Retrieved 2018-08-12.
  18. ^ Teng, Fang-Zhen; Watkins, James; Dauphas, Nicolas (2017-03-06). Non-Traditional Stable Isotopes. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. ISBN 9783110545630.
  19. ^ Teng, Fang-Zhen; Yang, Wei; Rudnick, Roberta L.; Hu, Yan (2013). "Heterogeneous magnesium isotopic composition of the lower continental crust: A xenolith perspective". Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems. 14 (9): 3844–3856. Bibcode:2013GGG....14.3844T. doi:10.1002/ggge.20238. ISSN 1525-2027.
  20. ^ Gaschnig, Richard M.; Rudnick, Roberta L.; McDonough, William F.; Kaufman, Alan J.; Valley, John W.; Hu, Zhaochu; Gao, Shan; Beck, Michelle L. (2016-08-01). "Compositional evolution of the upper continental crust through time, as constrained by ancient glacial diamictites" (PDF). Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 186: 316–343. Bibcode:2016GeCoA.186..316G. doi:10.1016/j.gca.2016.03.020. ISSN 0016-7037.
  21. ^ Elsevier. "Editor-In-Chief of Chemical Geology, Professor Roberta Rudnick, Elected to NAS". www.elsevier.com. Retrieved 2018-08-12.
  22. ^ "Robin Matoza and Roberta Rudnick join the Department faculty! | Earth Science - UC Santa Barbara". geol.ucsb.edu. Retrieved 2018-08-12.
  23. ^ Greaney, Allison T.; Rudnick, Roberta L.; Romaniello, Stephen J.; Johnson, Aleisha C.; Gaschnig, Richard M.; Anbar, Ariel D. (2020-03-15). "Molybdenum isotope fractionation in glacial diamictites tracks the onset of oxidative weathering of the continental crust". Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 534: 116083. Bibcode:2020E&PSL.53416083G. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116083. ISSN 0012-821X. S2CID 212932603.
  24. ^ "NSF Award Search: Award#1650260 - U-Pb Thermochronology of Lower Crustal Xenoliths: Estimating Moho Temperature in Order to Constrain Crustal Heat Production". nsf.gov. Retrieved 2018-08-12.
  25. ^ rudnicks ORCID 0000-0003-1559-7463
  26. ^ "Rudnick Receives 2006 N. L. Bowen Award - Honors Program". Honors Program. Retrieved 2018-08-12.
  27. ^ "Roberta Rudnick". nasonline.org. National Academy of Sciences -. Retrieved 2018-08-12.
  28. ^ "Mineralogical Society of America - Dana Medal". minsocam.org. Retrieved 2018-08-12.
  29. ^ Hofmann, Albrecht (2012). "Presentation of the Dana Medal of the Mineralogical Society of America for 2012 to Roberta L. Rudnick". American Mineralogist. 97 (10): 1816. Bibcode:2012AmMin..97.1816H. doi:10.2138/am.2012.598. ISSN 0003-004X.  
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