Rome Sand Plains is a 15,000-acre (61 km2) pine barrens about five miles (8.0 km) west of the city center of Rome in Oneida County in central New York. It consists of a mosaic of sand dunes rising about 50 feet (15 m) above low peat bogs that lie between the dunes. The barrens are covered with mixed northern hardwood forests, meadows, and wetlands. About 4,000 acres (16 km2) are protected in conservation preserves. Pine barrens are typical of seacoasts; the Rome Sand Plains is one of only a handful of inland pine barrens remaining in the United States.[1] A second inland pine barrens, the Albany Pine Bush, is also found in New York, located north and west of state's capital Albany.
| Rome Sand Plains | |
|---|---|
IUCN category V (protected landscape/seascape) | |
  Rome Sand Plains | |
| Location | Oneida County, New York, USA |
| Nearest city | Rome, New York |
| Coordinates | 43°14′06″N 75°34′12″W / 43.23500°N 75.57000°W |
| Area | 4,000 acres (16 km2) |
| Established | 1980 |
| Governing body | Rome Sand Plains Resource Management Team |
E. W. Russell has described the Sand Plains as follows, "The landscape today forms a sharp contrast with the surrounding flat, fertile farmland, which is almost all cleared of trees and planted in crops. Uplands, including some dunes, support forest vegetation of American beech, white oak (Quercus alba), red and sugar maples, white and pitch pine (Pinus strobus and P. rigida), gray birch (Betula populifolia), hemlock, aspen (Populus spp.), American elm, and other northern hardwood species. Some uplands are also characterized as pitch pine heaths, dominated by pitch pines with an understory of blueberries (Vaccinium spp.) and other related (ericaceous) shrubs. Pitch pine is the characteristic tree of the wetlands, along with aspen, gray birch, and red maple, along with an ericaceous shrub layer."[2]
Among the several rare species in the Sand Plains are the purple pitcher plant and a sundew (both of which are carnivorous plants), red-shouldered hawks, martens, and the frosted elfin butterfly, which is a threatened species in New York State.[3] Other species to be found include wild blue lupine (also rare, and the food for the frosted elfin), barrens buckmoth (Hemileuca maia), whippoorwill, pine warbler and pitch pine, normally indigenous to coastal areas.
The Rome Sand Plains were owned privately through about 1980. The sand was mined to make molds and cores for metal casting. An application for a permit to mine sand around 1980 triggered a regional effort to protect the area.[4] The New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC) began purchasing lands, working with The Nature Conservancy and other organizations. Approximately 1,700 acres (6.9 km2) of the Sand Plains have been purchased by the NYSDEC, and are designated as the Rome Sand Plains Unique Area.[5] The Nature Conservancy holds another 1,000 acres (4.0 km2).[6] The Izaak Walton League holds about 440 acres (1.8 km2), Oneida County holds an additional 770 acres (3.1 km2) as a County Forest, and a few acres are held by the City of Rome. A map showing these holdings was released by the NYSDEC in 2008; the map shows the location of three foot trails maintained by the NYSDEC and one by the Izaak Walton League.[7] A consolidated management plan involving all five preserves, and addressing the entire Sand Plains area, was published in 2006.[8]
The sand plains are considered by geologists to be a relic of Lake Iroquois, which was a somewhat larger version of the present Lake Ontario that existed near the end of the last ice age about twelve thousand years ago. The level of Lake Iroquois was about 100 feet (30 m) higher than Lake Ontario's present level. Lake Iroquois drained to the Atlantic Ocean through the Mohawk and Hudson rivers, and its outlet was near the present Sand Plains.[9][10] Lake Ontario's outlet is near the Thousand Islands, and the lake drains through the Saint Lawrence River; this outlet was dammed by ice in the period when Lake Iroquois existed.
See also
edit
References
edit- ^ "Rome Sand Plains Resource Management Area". New York State Department of Environmental Conservation. Retrieved 2009-08-09.
- ^ Russell, Emily W. B. (2001). "Applications of historical ecology to land use decisions in the northeastern United States". In Dale, Virginia H.; Haeuber, Richard A. (eds.). Applying Ecological Principles to Land Management. p. 128. ISBN 9781461300991. OCLC 852772536.
- ^ "List of Endangered, Threatened and Special Concern Fish & Wildlife Species of New York State". New York State Department of Environmental Conservation. Retrieved 2009-08-09.
- ^ Verschoor, Karin (August 2006). "The Rome Sand Plains". The New York State Conservationist: 22–25.
- ^ "Western Adirondacks/ Upper Mohawk Valley/ Eastern Lake Ontario - Region 6". New York State Department of Environmental Conservation. Retrieved 2009-08-12.
- ^ "Rome Sand Plains Preserve". The Nature Conservancy. Retrieved 2016-07-12.
- ^ "Rome Sand Plans Resource Management Area (map)" (PDF). New York State Department of Environmental Conservation. September 2008. Retrieved 2018-06-12.
- ^ "Rome Sand Plains Consolidated Management Plan". New York State Department of Environmental Conservation. March 3, 2006.
- ^ Kurczewski, Frank E. (1999). "Historic and prehistoric changes in the Rome, New York pine barrens". The Northeastern Naturalist. 6 (4): 327–340. doi:10.2307/3858273. JSTOR 3858273.
- ^ Larson, Grahame; Schaetzl, Randall (2001). "Review: Origin and Evolution of the Great Lakes" (PDF). J. Great Lakes Res. 27 (4): 518–546. doi:10.1016/S0380-1330(01)70665-X. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-10-31. The work of Anderson and Lewis (1985) is the basis for these authors' views on the history of the post-glacial water levels.
Further reading
edit- Ameigh, Michael S. (July 19, 2009). Rome Sand Plains - Footprints of the Ice Age. Archived from the original on 2021-12-21. Retrieved 2009-08-10. 4-minute documentary describing the Rome Sand Plains.
- Williams, Ernest H. (August 2018). "Rome Sand Plains" (PDF). New York State Conservationist. pp. 10–11. Short article describing work on lupine plantings at the Rome Sand Plains; lupines are needed by the rare butterflies found there.