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Alexander Rosenberg

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This article is about the American philosopher. For the Russian-American mathematician, see Alexander L. Rosenberg. For the Russian architect, see Aleksandr Rosenberg. For the Transnistrian politician, see Aleksandr Rozenberg. For people with a similar name, see Alex Rosenberg (disambiguation).

Alexander Rosenberg (who generally publishes as "Alex") is an American philosopher and novelist. He is the R. Taylor Cole Professor of Philosophy at Duke University, well known for contributions to philosophy of biology and philosophy of economics.

Alexander Rosenberg
Born (1946-08-31) 31 August 1946 (age 78)
Austria
Alma materCity College of New York The Johns Hopkins University
Occupation(s)Philosopher and Novelist
Employer(s)Duke University

University of California, Riverside

Syracuse University

Dalhousie University
Notable workThe Atheist's Guide to Reality

The Girl from Krakow

Economics--Mathematical Politics or Science of Diminishing Returns
AwardsGuggenheim Fellowship, 1982

American Council of Learned Societies Fellowship, 1983 Lakatos Award, 1993 Phi Beta Kappa Romanell Lecturer, 2006

National Humanities Center Fellowship, 2006

Rosenberg describes himself as a "naturalist".[1]

Education and career

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Rosenberg graduated from Stuyvesant High School (along with Richard Axel, Bruce Bueno de Mesquita, Ron Silver and Allan Lichtman) in 1963 and from the City College of New York in 1967. He received his Ph.D. from the Johns Hopkins University in 1971. His thesis advisor was Peter Achinstein. He has taught philosophy at Dalhousie University, Syracuse University, University of California, Riverside, University of Georgia and, since 2000, at Duke University. He has been a visiting professor at the University of Minnesota, the University of California, Santa Cruz, Oxford University, the Australian National University and Bristol University.[2][third-party source needed]

He was a Guggenheim fellow in 1981, an American Council of Learned Societies fellow in 1983, won the Lakatos Award in 1993 and was the National Phi Beta Kappa Romanell Lecturer in 2006.[3] In 2006-2007 he was a fellow of the National Humanities Center.

His graduate students have included Samir Okasha, Grant Ramsey, Frederic Bouchard, Rachel Powell, Nita A. Farahany and Marion Hourdequin. He has worked closely with Lee McIntyre.

Rosenberg is married to Duke University professor Martha Ellen Reeves.

Rosenberg is an atheist, and a metaphysical naturalist.[4][5]

Philosophical work

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Rosenberg's early work focused on the philosophy of social science and especially the philosophy of economics. His doctoral dissertation, published as Microeconomic Laws in 1976, was the first treatment of the nature of economics by a contemporary philosopher of science. Over the period of the next decade he became increasingly skeptical about neoclassical economics as an empirical theory.

He later shifted to work on issues in the philosophy of science that are raised by biology. He became especially interested in the relationship between molecular biology and other parts of biology. Rosenberg introduced the concept of supervenience to the treatment of intertheoretical relations in biology, soon after Donald Davidson began to exploit Richard Hare's notion in the philosophy of psychology. Rosenberg is among the few biologists and fewer philosophers of science who reject the consensus view that combines physicalism with antireductionism (see his 2010 on-line debate with John Dupré at Philosophy TV).

Rosenberg also coauthored an influential book on David Hume with Tom Beauchamp, Hume and the Problem of Causation, arguing that Hume was not a skeptic about induction but an opponent of rationalist theories of inductive inference.

The Atheist's Guide to Reality

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Alex Rosenberg has the opinion that existence of the self is "an illusion."[1]

In 2011 Rosenberg published a defense of what he called "Scientism"—the claim that "the persistent questions" people ask about the nature of reality, the purpose of things, the foundations of value and morality, the way the mind works, the basis of personal identity, and the course of human history, could all be answered by the resources of science. This book was attacked on the front cover of The New Republic by Leon Wieseltier as "The worst book of the year".[6] Leon Wiseltier's claim, in turn, was critiqued as exaggeration by Philip Kitcher in The New York Times Book Review.[7] On February 1, 2013, Rosenberg debated Christian apologist William Lane Craig on the question 'Is Faith in God Reasonable?' during which some of the arguments of the book were discussed.[8]

Rosenberg has contributed articles to The New York Times Op/Ed series The Stone, on naturalism, science and the humanities, and meta-ethics, and the mind's powers to understand itself by introspection that arise from the views he advanced in The Atheist's Guide to Reality.[9][10][11][12]

How History Gets Things Wrong: The Neuroscience of our Addiction to Stories

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In 2018 Rosenberg published How History Gets Things Wrong: The Neuroscience of our Addiction to Stories. This work develops the eliminative materialism of The Atheist’s Guide to Reality, applying it to the role ‘the theory of mind’ plays in history and other forms of story telling. Rosenberg argues that the work of Nobel Prize winners, Eric Kandel, John O'Keefe and May-Britt Moser along with Edvard Moser reveals that the ‘‘theory of mind‘‘ employed in everyday life and narrative history has no basis in the organization of the brain. Evidence from evolutionary anthropology, child psychology, medical diagnosis and neural imaging reveals it is an innate or almost innate tool that arose in Hominini evolution to foster collaboration among small numbers of individuals in immediate contact over the near future, but whose predictive weakness beyond this domain reveals its explanatory emptiness.[13]

Critical discussions of Rosenberg’s work

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While attracting some interest for its arguments about the philosophy of mind, Rosenberg's critique of narrative history in How History Gets Things Wrong has attracted criticism in academic reviews. Reviewers including Alexandre Leskanich in The English Historical Review,[14] Jacob Ivey in Philosophia,[15] and Michael Douma in Journal of Value Inquiry[16] faulted the book for failing to engage with literature in the philosophy of history and narratology and for oversimplified treatment of historical examples. Ivey also argued that Rosenberg's call for a Darwinian approach to historical explanation failed to acknowledge the limitations of past attempts to apply this approach and the complicated relationship in practice between Darwinian and humanistic methods in history.[15]

Rosenberg's treatment of fitness as a supervenient property, which is an undefined concept in the theory of natural selection, is criticized by Brandon and Beatty.[17] His original development of how the supervenience of Mendelian concepts blocks traditional derivational reduction was examined critically by C. Kenneth Waters.[18] His later account of reduction in developmental biology was criticized by Günter Wagner.[19] Elliott Sober's "Multiple realization arguments against reductionism"[20] reflects a shift towards Rosenberg's critique of anti-reductionist arguments of Putnam's and Fodor's.

Sober has also challenged Rosenberg's view that the principle of natural selection is the only biological law.[21]

The explanatory role of the principle of natural selection and the nature of evolutionary probabilities defended by Rosenberg were subject to counter arguments by Brandon[22] and later by Denis Walsh.[23] Rosenberg's account of the nature of genetic drift and the role of probability in the theory of natural selection draws on significant parallels between the principle of natural selection and the second law of thermodynamics.

In the philosophy of social science, Rosenberg's more skeptical views about microeconomics were challenged first by Wade Hands,[24] and later by Daniel Hausman in several books and articles.[25] The financial crisis of 2007–08 resulted in renewed attention to Rosenberg's skeptical views about microeconomics.[citation needed] Biologist Richard Lewontin and historian Joseph Fracchia express skepticism about Rosenberg's claim that functional explanations in social science require Darwinian underlying mechanisms.[26]

Literary work

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The Girl From Krakow

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Rosenberg's 2015 novel, The Girl From Krakow, Lake Union Publishing, is a narrative about a young woman named Rita Feuerstahl from 1935 to 1947, mainly focusing on her struggles to survive in Nazi-occupied Poland and later in Germany, under a false identity. A secondary plot involves her lover's experiences in France and Spain during its Civil War in the 1930s and then in Moscow during the war. Rosenberg has acknowledged that the novel is based on the wartime experiences of people he knew. He has also admitted the incongruity of writing a narrative, given his attack on the form in The Atheist’s Guide to Reality. He has said that The Girl from Krakow began as an attempt to put some of the difficult arguments of The Atheist’s Guide to Reality into a form easier to grasp".[27] The Girl From Krakow has been translated into Italian, Hungarian, Polish, Hebrew and Croatian.

Autumn in Oxford

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In 2016 Rosenberg's second novel, Autumn in Oxford, appeared, also published by Lake Union Publishing. An afterword identifies the large number of real persons—academics, civil rights advocates, military officers, politicians and intelligence agents from the 1940s and '50s who figure in the narrative.

The Intrigues of Jennie Lee

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in 2020 Rosenberg's third novel was published by Top Hat Books. An afterword identities the large number of public figures from Great Britain in the '30s who figure in the novel, including Jennie Lee, Aneurin Bevan, Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon--the subsequent centenarian Queen Mother, Lady Astor, Ellen Wilkinson, Ramsay MacDonald and Oswald Mosley.

In the Shadows of Enigma

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Rosenberg's fourth historical novel, a sequel to “The Girl from Krakow”, was published in 2021, also by Top Hat Books. This novel offers an explanation of why the Western Allies—the US, Great Britain, Canada, New Zealand and Australia—kept the breaking of the German Enigma code secret for 30 years after the end of the Second World War. Four characters from his earlier novel figure in the sequel, Rita Feuerstahl, her partner Gil Romero, her son Stefan and a former Gestapo detective still working for the German Federal Republic, Otto Schulke.

Bibliography

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  • Microeconomic Laws: A Philosophical Analysis (University of Pittsburgh Press, 1976)
  • Sociobiology and the Preemption of Social Science (Johns Hopkins University Press, 1980; Basil Blackwell, 1981)
  • Hume and the Problem of Causation (Oxford University Press, 1981) (with T.L. Beauchamp)
  • The Structure of Biological Science (Cambridge University Press, 1985)
  • Philosophy of Social Science (Clarendon Press, Oxford and Westview Press, 1988, fifth Edition, 2015), translation in Greek
  • Economics: Mathematical Politics or Science of Diminishing Returns? (University of Chicago Press, 1992)
  • Instrumental Biology, or the Disunity of Science (University of Chicago Press, 1994)
  • Darwinism in Philosophy, Social Science and Policy (Cambridge University Press, 2000)
  • Philosophy of Science: A Contemporary Approach (Routledge, 2000, third edition 2011), translations in Arabic, Chinese, Japanese, Portuguese and Turkish.
  • Darwinian Reductionism or How to Stop Worrying and Love Molecular Biology (University of Chicago Press, 2006)
  • The Philosophy of Biology: A Contemporary Introduction (Routledge, 2007) (with Daniel McShea)
  • Philosophy of Biology: An Anthology (Wiley-Blackwell, 2009) (with Robert Arp)
  • The Atheist's Guide to Reality (W. W. Norton & Company, 2011)
  • The Girl From Krakow (Lake Union, 2015), translations in Polish, Italian, Hebrew, Hungarian, and Croatian
  • Autumn in Oxford (Lake Union, 2016)
  • The Routledge Companion to the Philosophy of Social Science (Routledge, 2017) (with Lee McIntyre)
  • How History Gets Things Wrong: The Neuroscience of Our Addiction to Stories (MIT Press, 2018)
  • The Intrigues of Jennie Lee (Top Hat Books, 2020)
  • Reduction and Mechanism (Cambridge University Press, 2020)
  • In the Shadow of Enigma (Top Hat Books, 2021)

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b Rosenberg, Alex (October 3, 2011). The Atheist's Guide to Reality. W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 978-0393083330.
  2. ^ "Alexander Rosenberg". alexrose46.com. Archived from the original on July 16, 2020. Retrieved July 16, 2020.
  3. ^ Rosenberg, Alex. "C.V." (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on October 2, 2013. Retrieved September 8, 2013.
  4. ^ Rosenberg, Alex (September 17, 2011). "Why I Am a Naturalist". The New York Times.
  5. ^ Rosenberg, Alex (November 6, 2011). "Bodies in Motion: An Exchange". The New York Times.
  6. ^ Wieseltier, Leon (December 14, 2011). "Washington Diarist: The Answers". The New Republic.
  7. ^ Kitcher, Philip (March 23, 2012). "Alex Rosenberg's 'The Atheist's Guide to Reality'". The New York Times.
  8. ^ "Is Faith in God Reasonable? | Reasonable Faith". reasonablefaith.org. Retrieved March 9, 2019.
  9. ^ Rosenberg, Alex (September 17, 2011). "Why I Am a Naturalist". The New York Times.
  10. ^ Rosenberg, Alex (November 6, 2011). "Bodies in Motion: An Exchange". The New York Times.
  11. ^ Rosenberg, Alex (July 13, 2015). "Can Moral Disputes be Resolved". The New York Times.
  12. ^ Rosenberg, Alex (July 18, 2016). "Why You Don't Know Your Own Mind". The New York Times.
  13. ^ Shackle, Samira (October 19, 2018). "Can we learn from history?". newhumanist.org.uk.
  14. ^ Leskanich, Alexandre (April 2020). "Haunting History: For a Deconstructive Approach to the Past, by Ethan Kleinberg; How History Gets Things Wrong: The Neuroscience of Our Addiction to Stories, by Alex Rosenberg". The English Historical Review. 135 (573): 435–438. doi:10.1093/ehr/ceaa009. Retrieved June 24, 2021.
  15. ^ a b Ivey, Jacob (July 17, 2020). "How History Gets Things Wrong: The Neuroscience of Our Addiction to Stories, by Alex Rosenberg, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2019". Philosophia. 49 (2): 893–896. doi:10.1007/s11406-020-00247-w. S2CID 225575757. Retrieved June 24, 2021.
  16. ^ Douma, Michael (March 2020). "Alex Rosenberg, How History Gets Things Wrong: The Neuroscience of Our Addiction to Stories". Journal of Value Inquiry. 54: 141–144. doi:10.1007/s10790-018-09679-w. S2CID 171809913. Retrieved June 24, 2021.
  17. ^ in “The Propensity Interpretation of 'Fitness'--No Interpretation Is No Substitute,” Philosophy of Science, Vol. 51, No. 2, 1984.
  18. ^ in “Rosenberg's rebellion”, Biology and Philosophy, 1990.
  19. ^ “How Molecular is Molecular Developmental Biology? A Reply to Alex Rosenberg's Reductionism Redux: Computing the Embryo”, Biology and Philosophy, 2001.
  20. ^ Philosophy of Science, vol. 66, 1999.
  21. ^ in “Two Outbreaks of Lawlessness in Recent Philosophy of Biology,” Philosophy of Science, Vol. 64, No. 4, 1996 as did Kim Sterelny and Paul E. Griffiths, Sex and Death.
  22. ^ in “The Indeterministic Character of Evolutionary Theory: No "No Hidden Variables Proof" but No Room for Determinism Either” Philosophy of Science, Vol. 63, No. 3 1996.
  23. ^ “The Pomp of Superfluous Causes: The Interpretation of Evolutionary Theory”, Philosophy of Science Vol. 74, No. 3, 2007.
  24. ^ Hands, Douglas W. (1984). "What Economics Is Not: An Economist's Response to Rosenberg". Philosophy of Science. 51 (3): 495–503. doi:10.1086/289196. S2CID 145706518.
  25. ^ including Hausman, Daniel M. (1989). "Economic Methodology in a Nutshell". Journal of Economic Perspectives. 3 (2): 115–127. doi:10.1257/jep.3.2.115.
  26. ^ Fracchia, Joseph; Lewontin, R. C. (1999). "Does Culture Evolve?". History and Theory. 38 (4): 52–78. doi:10.1111/0018-2656.00104.
  27. ^ Ognian Georgiev (August 8, 2015). "Alex Rosenberg: The Girl from Krakow is based on people who survived the war", Land of Books.
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