Ross Bicycles Inc. manufactured over 15 million bicycles[3] under the Ross brand between 1946 and 1988. The company began in Williamsburg, New York, United States, later moving its headquarters and manufacturing to Rockaway Beach, Queens.[4] The headquarters remained in Rockaway when manufacturing was later moved to Allentown, Pennsylvania where Sherwood could focus on designing his high end Gran Eurosport model which featured synthetic grease, polished bearings, and 26 skip tooth front sprocket for friction reduction.[5] Sherwood Ross,[6] against the advice of his vice president Randy Ross, retooled the Allentown factory and experimented in unrelated bicycle endeavors involving government contracts. Randy Ross moved Ross bicycles manufacturing to Taiwan to keep margins competitive and bicycle manufacturing profitable, but Sherwood Ross's decision to keep the Allentown factory working on government contracts ultimately led to the company having to file for bankruptcy protection in 1988[7] Ross Bicycles was re-established[8] on July 31, 2017 by Shaun Ross, the current CEO of Ross Bicycles.
 | |
| Company type | Private |
|---|---|
| Industry | Bicycles |
| Founded | 1946[1] |
| Fate | Bankruptcy in 1988, re-established July 31, 2017[2] |
| Headquarters | Rockaway Beach, Queens Currently: Totowa, New Jersey |
Key people | Shaun Ross, Randy Ross, Barbara Ross Sherwood Ross, Patrick Cunnane, Albert Ross, John Kirkpatrick, Fred Wilkens |
Ross competed domestically with bicycle manufacturers including Schwinn and Huffy, and was noted as a pioneering manufacturer of mountain bikes.
History
editRoss was started by Albert Ross as Ross Galvanizing Works in 1940,[9] "manufacturing and galvanizing pipes and pipe fittings for the fencing industry and later galvanized steel parts for military ships during World War II."[10] After World War II, it was incorporated as Chain Bike Corp. in 1946.
Ross' first factory was on Kent Avenue in Williamsburg, New York, near the Schaefer Brewery and the Brooklyn Navy Yard before the company moved to Beach 79th Street in Rockaway Beach, Queens some time around 1960.[11] In 1973 manufacturing was moved to a new, purpose-built plant in Allentown, Pennsylvania[5][12] and on May 21, 1982 the company was renamed Ross Bicycles Inc.[13][1][14][4]
In 1982, Ross Bicycles was the first ever bicycle manufacturer to mass produce the mountain bike. In 1983, Randy Ross created the first mountain bike race team, the Ross Indians. Ross had models that directly competed with the Schwinn Side Winder called the Ross Diamond Cruiser. Ross introduced their first production MTB, the Force 1, during the first Interbike Show in October 1982; the bike's name was later changed to the Mt. Hood.
In early 1982 Ross Signature (hand made bike department) was making custom mountain bikes. Jim Redcay was the builder; Tom Kellogg was working on road bikes. Redcay was also involved in the Force 1 frame development. This was the first bike Ross had built in Allentown with cantilever brakes. The Allentown factory was said to be retooled for government contracts by Sherwood Ross.[6]
Ross moved bicycle production to Taiwan in 1986 to keep the margins profitable, but the government contracts and financial strain from the Allentown factories unsuccessful government endeavors, led to Ross Bicycles filing for bankruptcy protection in 1988.[2]
In addition to bicycles, Ross manufactured ammunition boxes for the US government at its Lehigh facility, and cited the government contract as the source of its financial difficulties at the time of filing for Chapter 11 protection.[2]
The Ross name was purchased by Rand Cycle in Farmingdale, New York, which suffered a recall of 11,000 mountain bikes in 1998.[15] Randy Ross, grandson of Albert, introduced a stair stepper bike in 2007.[16] Shaun Ross re-established Ross Bicycles on July 31, 2017.
Albert Ross' son Sherwood (Jerry) B. Ross (1921-2013)[10] was CEO of Ross Bicycles from 1946 to 1990,[17] held several bicycle-related patents,[18][19][20][21][22] served as President of the Bicycle Institute of America (BIA)[17] and the Bicycle Manufacturers Association (BMA),[17] and acted as an expert witness in product liability cases.[17]
Bicycles
editRoss began making bicycles in 1946,[23] and by the late 1960s, manufactured about 1 million bicycles per year.[3] By 1985, it had sold 10 million bicycles. The company, still known as Chain Bicycle Corporation, marketed bikes under the Ross brand,[6] including children's, BMX, touring, cruiser, mountain, racing, wheelie, and stationary exercise bicycles.[1]
In 1968, Ross joined the muscle bike craze with models such as the Marlin with a console mounted stick brake, the Barracuda with a chrome twin stick shift console, and the Barracuda Beast with a Futura sports car steering wheel.[24][25]
In 1982, Ross introduced one of the first production mountain bikes, the Force One, at Interbike.[26][27] In 1983, they launched the first professional factory sponsored mountain bike race team, the Ross Indians.[28]
With the rising popularity of mountain bikes, Randy Ross,[12] Sherwood Ross's[29] son and executive vice president of Ross Bicycles Inc., said in the New York Times, "these bikes are one of the biggest things that ever happened to the biking industry. Its basic look constitutes 'a total shift in image' for the industry."[30]
By 1989, Nyle Nims, then a vice president at Ross Bicycles (and later founder of Cycle Force Group), said that 40% of bicycle sales were mountain bikes, adding, "we see a lot of people who previously owned the dropped bar, 10-speed bike buying the wide-tire bikes, they are people who don't want to ride fast; they want to ride for recreation."[31]
References
edit- ^ a b c United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit. (July 22, 1985). "ROSS BICYCLES, INC., Plaintiff-Appellant, v. CYCLES USA, INC., Defendant-Appellee". Public.Resource.Org. Archived from the original on August 4, 2012. Retrieved 2012-06-05.
- ^ a b c Moylan, Tom (February 11, 1988). "Ross Bicycle Files For Bankruptcy - U.S. Contract Blamed In Move". The Morning Call. Retrieved 2012-06-05.
- ^ a b Moynihan, Colin (March 15, 2008). "A Blue Ross 10-Speed Isn't Hard to Find; A Bomber Who Rode It Is". The New York Times. Retrieved 2012-06-05.
- ^ a b Lloyd, Barbara (May 22, 1989). "ON YOUR OWN; Bicycle Oldies Are Making Good". The New York Times. Retrieved 2012-06-05.
- ^ a b "Ross Bicycle". Fine Vintage Collectibles. Retrieved 2012-06-05.
- ^ a b c DANIEL E. SLOTNIK (June 18, 2013). "Sherwood Ross, President of Ross Bicycles, Dies at 92". The New York Times.
- ^ "Ross Bicycle Files for Bankruptcy U.S. Contract Blamed in Move".
- ^ "Division of Corporations - Filing".
- ^ Hardy Menagh (2008). "History of the ROSS Bicycles Company 1946 - 1989". Retrieved 2012-06-05.
- ^ a b "Engineer behind Ross Bicycles remembered". Bicycle Retailer, June 5, 2013, Lynette Carpiet.
- ^ COLIN MOYNIHAN (December 2, 2004). "A Blue Ross 10-Speed Isn't Hard to Find; A Bomber Who Rode It Is". The New York Times.
- ^ a b "MOMBAT: Ross Bicycles History".
- ^ "Ross Bicycles, Inc., Plaintiff-appellant, v. Cycles Usa, Inc., Defendant-appellee, 765 F.2d 1502 (11th Cir. 1985)". Justia.com. July 22, 1985.
- ^ Howie Cohen. "Chain Bike Corp of Rockaway Beach, New York". Everything Bicycles. Retrieved 2012-06-05.
- ^ "CPSC, Rand/Ross Bicycle Co. Announce Recall to Repair Mountain Bikes". U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC). April 27, 1998. Retrieved 2012-06-05.
- ^ "Ross History". MOMBAT. Retrieved 2012-06-05.
- ^ a b c d "Curricula Vitae for Professor Sherwood B. Ross, BSME". witness.net. Retrieved 2012-06-05.
- ^ "Patent number: 2997145 - Wheel Hub for Disc Type Coaster Brakes, Sherwood B. Ross et al". Aug 22, 1961. Retrieved 2012-06-05.
- ^ "Patent number: 3473404 - Operating-Lever Console for a Gearshift Mechanism or the like, Sherwood B. Ross et al". Oct 21, 1969. Retrieved 2012-06-05.
- ^ "Sherwood B Ross: Inventor". PatentBuddy.com. Retrieved 2012-06-05.
- ^ "Inventor: Ross; Sherwood B." PatentGenius.com. Retrieved 2012-06-05.
- ^ "Patents by Inventor Sherwood B. Ross". Justia.com. Retrieved 2012-06-05.
- ^ "Bicycle History". SoCalBicycles.com. Archived from the original on 2012-01-02. Retrieved 2012-06-05.
- ^ John Brain. "Volume Three: The third five years, 1968-'73".
- ^ Mark Wilson. "The Ross model 494-3 Barracuda Beast with the Futura steering wheel". The New England Muscle Bicycle Museum. Retrieved 2012-06-05.
- ^ "John Kirkpatrick". Mountain Bike Hall of Fame. Archived from the original on 2014-01-28. Retrieved 2012-06-05.
- ^ "1983 Ross Force 1 - Ross Indians Mountain Bike Team Bicycle". GhostNation.Org. Retrieved 2012-06-05.
- ^ John Kirkpatrick (1985). "Ross Indians". Retrieved 2012-06-05.
- ^ "Engineer behind Ross Bicycles remembered | Bicycle Retailer and Industry News". www.bicycleretailer.com. Archived from the original on 2013-06-09.
- ^ JOSEPH GIOVANNINI (July 30, 1983). "A STURDY MOUNTAIN BIKE WINS HEARTS IN THE CITY". The New York Times.
- ^ Barbara Lloyd (May 22, 1989). "ON YOUR OWN; Bicycle Oldies Are Making Good". The New York Times.