Roy Larson Raymond (April 15, 1947 – August 26, 1993)[1] was an American businessman who founded the Victoria's Secret lingerie retail store in California in 1977.[2]
Roy Raymond | |
|---|---|
| Born | Roy Larson Raymond[1] April 15, 1947 Connecticut, U.S.[1] |
| Died | August 26, 1993 (aged 46) |
| Education | Tufts University (BA; 1969) Stanford Graduate School of Business (MBA; 1971) |
| Occupation | Entrepreneur |
| Known for | Founder of Victoria's Secret |
| Spouse(s) | Gaye Raymond (m. 1970s; div. 1990) |
Early life and education
editRoy Raymond was born April 15, 1947, in Connecticut. He started an early business at age 13 in Fairfield that produced wedding invitations.[3] He attended Tufts University, graduating in 1969.[3] Raymond earned his master's degree in Business Administration from the Stanford Graduate School of Business in 1971.[4][3]
Career
editEarly career
editRaymond worked in marketing for several companies early in his career, including Guild Wineries, Richardson-Merrell, and the Vicks company.[5][3] His greater aspiration was to start his own business.[3]
Victoria's Secret
editOn June 12, 1977,[2] Victoria's Secret was founded by Roy and Gaye Raymond[6] in Delaware.[7] Raymond opened the first Victoria's Secret store at the Stanford Shopping Center in Palo Alto, California.[8] Raymond was inspired to start Victoria's Secret after feeling embarrassed purchasing lingerie for his wife in a department store.[8][9] To open the store, he borrowed $40,000 from a bank and $40,000 from his family.[10] Roy and Gaye Raymond worked together to design and launch the first store with a Victorian-inspired style.[11][12] A reference to Queen Victoria, the name Victoria's Secret was meant to evoke the sophistication and propriety associated with Victorian era boudoirs while alluding to the "secret" underneath the clothes.[13] On selecting the name Victoria for the business, Raymond stated that there were "a couple hundred names we came up with, but only that one seemed to have all the elements for the character we were trying to portray."[14]
The company earned $500,000 in its first year and Raymond started a mail order catalog and opened three stores in San Francisco.[10][8]
Leslie Wexner discovered Raymond's store in the early 1980s, described it as unique, and declared that he had never encountered anything like it in his travels.[15] Although Wexner was interested in purchasing Victoria's Secret, Raymond was initially wary of Wexner, who later stated "When I met him, it was as if he met the devil."[15] Six months later the business was headed towards bankruptcy, and Raymond contacted Wexner to discuss a potential sale.[15][16] In 1982, after five years of operation, Raymond sold the Victoria's Secret company for $1 million to Wexner, with its five stores and 42-page catalogue, then reported to be grossing $6 million per year.[10][17][18]
For approximately a year after the sale to Wexner, Raymond stayed on as president of Victoria's Secret while working towards the start of his next company, an upscale store for children called My Child's Destiny.[8][3] In 1984, Raymond personally invested $850,000 in the new venture.[10] The business catered to professional couples and sold computer games, imported dolls and expensive toys in a single store in San Francisco and through mail order catalogues. Business at the store suffered due to a poor location with limited walk in traffic and due to a limited marketing strategy which focused on the wealthy, contributing to an image of being elitist.[8][19] In 1986, the company was forced to file for chapter 11 bankruptcy.[19] As Raymond had not incorporated the company, he was ultimately liable for the financial burden.[20] He and his wife lost their homes (in San Francisco and Lake Tahoe) as well as their vehicles.[20] He continued to generate business ideas and to work towards the launch of companies including a children's book store (Quinby's), a mail-order home-repair hardware business, and a company that produced wigs for those who had lost their hair due to cancer treatments.[20]
Raymond secured funding to launch Quinby's from Diane Disney Miller and Ron W. Miller, but within two years he was bought out due to financial disputes.[3]
Personal life
editRaymond and his wife, Gaye, had two children together, a son and a daughter; they divorced in 1990.[3] After his divorce, Raymond was reportedly in a relationship with Peggy Knight of Ross, California.[3]
Death
editOn August 26, 1993, Raymond ended his life by jumping off the Golden Gate Bridge. He was last seen walking toward the bridge, and hours afterward, his body was found by the Coast Guard near the Marin County shoreline.[10] Investigators concluded that he had jumped off the bridge.[10][21] Gaye Raymond stated that she believed he had suffered from depression following a series of business failures.[11]
References
edit- ^ a b c d California Deaths, 1940–1997, Roy Larson Raymond – Birth Date: April 15, 1947, Death Date: August 26, 1993, Birth Place: Connecticut, Death Place: Marin (County)
- ^ a b "Victoria's Secret". Fashion Model Directory. Retrieved November 27, 2013.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Quinn, Michelle (September 2, 1993). "Success, Bankruptcy . . . Suicide". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved February 24, 2020.
- ^ Fabry, Merrill (December 8, 2015). "Who Was the 'Victoria' in Victoria's Secret?". Time. Retrieved March 18, 2019.
- ^ Faludi, Susan (August 15, 2006). Backlash: The Undeclared War Against American Women. Random House Digital, Inc. p. 202. ISBN 978-0-307-34542-4. Retrieved October 25, 2012.
- ^ Mzezewa, Tariro (November 2, 2018). "In 2018, where does Victoria's Secret stand?". The Seattle Times. Retrieved February 24, 2020.
- ^ "Today's Trademark- Victoria's Secret". LexProtector Blog. June 1, 2019. Retrieved February 24, 2020.[permanent dead link]
- ^ a b c d e Barr, Naomi (November 1, 2013). "Roy Raymond: The tragic genius at the heart of Victoria's Secret". The Independent. Retrieved February 24, 2020.
- ^ D'Innocenzio, Anne; Chapman, Michelle (February 20, 2020). "Struggling Victoria's Secret is sold as women demand comfort". ABC News. Retrieved February 24, 2020.
- ^ a b c d e f "Roy Raymond, 47; Began Victoria's Secret". The New York Times. San Francisco. September 2, 1993. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved September 11, 2015.
- ^ a b Moyer, Justin Wm. (December 9, 2014). "How Victoria's Secret and its fashion show went primetime — after its founder killed himself". Washington Post. Retrieved February 24, 2020.
- ^ Fabry, Merrill (December 8, 2015). "Who Was the 'Victoria' in Victoria's Secret?". Time. Retrieved February 24, 2020.
- ^ Chang, Mahalia (November 20, 2017). "Do You Know Why Victoria's Secret Is Named 'Victoria's Secret'?". ELLE. Retrieved April 15, 2020.
- ^ Morgan, James (September 8, 1991). "Frisky Business". The Washington Post. Retrieved June 19, 2020.
- ^ a b c Adler, Carlye (September 1, 2003). "Les Wexner Limited Brands". CNN Money. Retrieved February 23, 2020.
- ^ Adler, Carlye (June 9, 2010). "How Victoria's Secret Made Lingerie Mainstream". Newsweek. Archived from the original on February 17, 2022. Retrieved February 16, 2022.
- ^ "Limited Brands: About Us, Timeline". Archived from the original on November 10, 2011. Retrieved April 24, 2013.
- ^ Корелина, Ольга (Korelina, Olga) (November 22, 2019). "Victoria's Secret третий год в кризисе, шоу с "ангелами" отменено Бренд изменил рынок женского белья, но не сумел измениться сам" [Victoria's Secret is in its third year of crisis, the show with "angels" is canceled The brand changed the lingerie market, but failed to change itself]. Meduza (in Russian). Retrieved February 16, 2022.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ a b Bishop, Katherine (December 27, 1986). "An Elegant Kids' Store Fails". The New York Times. Retrieved March 8, 2016.
- ^ a b c Barrow, Colin (2016). The 30 Day MBA in Marketing: Your Fast Track Guide to Business Success. Kogan Page Publishers. pp. 47–49. ISBN 9780749474997.
- ^ Bonander, Ross (December 2, 2009). "5 Things You Didn't know: Victoria's Secret". AskMen.com. Retrieved December 2, 2009.