List of Afghan Rulers in present-day Afghanistan with capital at Kabul:
| Term | Incumbent | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Shahs (kings) | ||
| Saddozay dynasty of Popalzay | ||
| July 1747 to 16 October 1772 | Ahmad Shah Durrani | |
| 16 October 1772 to 18 May 1793 | Timur Shah | |
| 23 May 1793 to 1801 | Zaman Shah | |
| 25 July 1801 to July 1803 | Mahmud Shah Durrani | 1st Term |
| 13 July 1803 to 1809 | Shuja Shah Durrani | 1st Term |
| 3 May 1808 to 1808 | Qaysar Shah | In rebellion |
| 3 May 1809 to 1818 | Mahmud Shah Durrani | 2nd Term |
| 1818 to 1819 | Ali Shah Durrani | |
| 1819 to 1823 | Ayub Shah | |
| Mohammadzay dynasty of Barakzay | ||
| 1823 to 1823 | Habibollah Shah | |
| 1823 to 1826 | Soltan Mohammad Khan Mohammadzay (regent) | |
| 1826 to 1836 | Dost Mohammad Khan (regent) | |
| Emir | ||
| Mohammadzay dynasty of Barakzay | ||
| 1836 to 2 August 1839 | Dost Mohammad Khan, Amir al-Mo’menin | 1st Term |
| Shah (king) | ||
| Saddozay dynasty of Popalzay | ||
| 8 May 1839 to 5 April 1842 | Shuja Shah Durrani | 2nd Term |
| 1841 to April 1842 | Mohammad Zaman Khan Mohammadzay (regent) | In rebellion |
| Emirs | ||
| Saddozay dynasty of Popalzay | ||
| 29 June 1842 to 12 October 1842 | Fath Jang Khan | |
| 12 October 1842 to December 1842 | Shahpur Khan | |
| Mohammadzay dynasty of Barakzay | ||
| December 1842 to 9 June 1863 | Dost Mohammad Khan, Amir al-Mo’menin | 2nd Term |
| 1863 to May 1866 | Sher Ali Khan, Amir al-Mo’menin | 1st Term |
| May 1866 to 7 October 1867 | Mohammad Afzal Khan, Amir al-Mo’menin | |
| 7 October 1867 to 8 September 1868 | Mohammad Azam Khan, Amir al-Mo’menin | |
| 8 September 1868 to 21 February 1879 | Sher Ali Khan, Amir al-Mo’menin | 2nd Term |
| 21 February 1879 to 12 October 1879 | Mohammad Yaqub Khan, Amir al-Mo’menin | |
| 1879 to 31 March 1880 | Mohammad Jan, Amir al-Mo’menin (minister-regent) | |
| 22 July 1880 to 3 October 1901 | Abdor Rahman Khan, Amir al-Mo’menin |