Prisiadki (singular: Russian: присядка, romanized: prisiadka, plural присядки; Ukrainian: присідання, romanized: prysidannia, присядки, prysiadky) or vprisiadku dancing (Russian: вприсядку) is a type of male dance move in East Slavic (Russian, Ukrainian) dances. The dancer squats and thrusts one foot out in turns. The term is occasionally translated in English as squatting (squat dance, e.g., in a translation of Eugene Onegin.[1]).
Description
editTwo basic techniques are possible.[2] In one way, "full prisiadki", the dancer crouches on one leg while another one is thrust out straight and repeats the same alternating the crouching leg while staying in the crouching position.[2][3] In another way, "half-prisiadki" (полуприсядки), the dancer quickly crouches and then jumps up[2][4] making a low thrust with one leg sideways or on the heel.[5]
It is a distinctive element of a number of East Slavic dances, such as Ukrainian Kozachok and Hopak or Russian Barynya and Kamarinskaya. It also entered Polish culture. For example, the novel With Fire and Sword by Henryk Sienkiewicz in several places describes how people were dancing w prysiudach, including the jovial character Onufry Zagłoba.[6]
Early evidence of vprisiadku dancing comes from a mid-fourtheenth century Psalter, in which an initial of letter A depicts a skomorokh playing gusli and dancing vprisiadku.[7]
In improvisational folk dances prisiadki involved fancy footwork: in addition to thrusting a free leg it can be thrown up onto the hip of the support leg, rolling from the toe of the support leg onto the knee and back, doing splits, etc.[8]
Laura J. Olson remarks that numerous professional Cossack troupes and choirs created in the Soviet Union produced a stereotype of Cossacks as "swashbuckling sword twirlers and lithe, masculine dancers who could leap extremely high or perform innumerable prisiadki". She further remarks that these fancy performances originate not from genuine Cossack traditions, but rather from 19th century Russian ballet.[9]
Squat-dancing in other cultures
editDance scenes on ancient Mesopotamian/Babylonian artifacts lead researchers to suggest that these ancient people executed something like prisiadka,[10][11] and some even suggested that "this kind of dance became the basis for the development of a certain style of Cossack dance".[11]
Gallery
edit-
Rusyn folk dance "Kozak" -
Kozak -
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Kamarinsky -
Kamarinsky muzhik. Lubok -
Kamarinsky dance and chastushka -
Folk troupe Beryozka -
Man demonstrating a prisiadka -
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Matti Kurikka dancing Ripaska (Trepak) -
Soldiers dancing in barracks -
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"Spanish dance" and "Russian dance"
Cultural references
editThe ability to dance prisiadki on prosthetic legs in a Barynya dance for a military pilot was the climax of the patriotic novel The Story of a Real Man by Boris Polevoy.[12]
The controversial Dancing Cossacks advertisement for the New Zealand National Party criticized the compulsory superannuation scheme Labour Government. In the television advertisement a group of cartoon Cossacks move vprisiadku across the screen suggesting that this policy could lead to Soviet-type communism.[13][14]
In Street Fighter II fighting game, Gorbachev rounds up Zangief and a bunch of KGB agents, and together with them he does the "Russian squat dance", for a celebration.[15]
The 1936 Polish film Bohaterowie Sybiru has an episode where Polish insurgents exiled to Siberia are partying with Siberian peasants. A young Russian lad does a fancy squatwork, after that a Polish officer says "I can do the same", and he does. After that the camera zooms out and shows that he does this sitting on a low stool.[16]
References
edit- ^ Евгений Онегин / Eugene Onegin Translation into English by Vladimir Balmont, a 2018 bilingual reprint, ISBN 5041091544 p.72
- ^ a b c Тимошенко Л.Г., "Русский народный танец: региональные особенности", Chapter 5. Основные движения русского народного танца, Tomsk, Tomsk State Pedagogical University, 2013.
- ^ "Chapter 20. Azazello's Cream" - Comments to Bulgakov's Master and Margarita
- ^ Словарь современного русского литературного языка, 1951, p. 777
- ^ ПЛАН БАЛЬНО-РЕЙТЕНГОВОЙ СИСТЕМЫ ДИСЦИПЛИНЫ «Народно-сценический танец»
- ^ a b Henryk Sienkiewicz, Ogniem i Mieczem, p.52 (scroll down to the illustration insert)
- Quote: "Zagłoba w prysiudach przysiadał, tak podkowami bił w podłogę, że aż pot obfity spływał mu z czoła" [Zagłoba squatted vprisiadku and hit the floor with his boots so hard that sweat flowed from his forehead abundantly."]
- ^ Russell Zguta, Russian Minstrels: A History of the Skomrorokhi, 2017, ISBN 1512819506, p. 25
- ^ Пляска, Russian Museum of Ethnography
- ^ Laura J. Olson, Performing Russia: Folk Revival and Russian Identity, p. 162
- ^ Civilizations of the Ancient Near East, Volume 4, p.2611
- ^ a b Selma Jeanne Cohen (ed.), International Encyclopedia of Dance: A Project of Dance Perspectives Foundation, vol. 4, 1998, ISBN 0195123085pp. 356, 357
- ^ Oxane Leingang. "Stalin’s Samovars: Disabled Veterans in (Post-)Soviet Literature", In: Amputation in Literature and Film. Artificial Limbs, Prosthetic Relations, and the Semiotics of "Loss"
- ^ "Dancing Cossacks, 1975 – Journalists and politicians: an uneasy relationship – Media and politics". Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Retrieved 20 July 2012.
- ^ "Dancing Cossacks political TV ad – New Zealand History Online". New Zealand Ministry of Culture and Heritage. Retrieved 20 July 2012.
- ^ What Can Street Fighter II Teach Us About Early ’90s Geopolitics?
- ^ W starym kinie - Bohaterowie Sybiru (1936), an episode with prisiadki