Sumner Archibald Cunningham (July 21, 1843 – December 20, 1913) was an American Confederate soldier and journalist. He was the editor of a short lived Confederate magazine called "Our Day" (1883-1884) published in New York. In 1893 he established the Confederate Veteran, a bimonthly magazine about veterans of the Confederate States Army until his death in 1913. He was a critic of Reconstruction, "scalawags", "carpetbaggers", and "Negro" legislators.
Sumner Archibald Cunningham | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | July 21, 1843 |
| Died | December 13, 1913 (aged 70) Nashville, Tennessee, U.S. |
| Resting place | Willow Mount Cemetery, Shelbyville, Tennessee, U.S. |
| Occupation | Editor |
| Spouse | Laura Davis |
| Children | 1 son, 1 daughter |
| Military career | |
| Allegiance | Confederate States |
| Service | Confederate States Army |
| Years of service | 1861–1865 |
Early life
editSumner Archibald Cunningham was born on July 21, 1843, in Bedford County, Tennessee.[1][2][3] His father was John Washington Campbell Cunningham and his mother, Mary A. Buchanan.[1] His family owned slaves.[4]
During the American Civil War of 1861–1865, Cunningham served in the Confederate States Army.[4] He was stationed at Camp Trousdale in Portland, Tennessee, until he was captured by Union forces in the Battle of Fort Donelson and imprisoned at Camp Morton in Indianapolis.[1] After he was released in exchange of other prisoners in Vicksburg, Mississippi, he fought in the Battle of Chickamauga on September 18–20, 1863, the Battle of Missionary Ridge on November 25, 1863, and the Battle of Franklin on November 30, 1864.[1][2] He became a sergeant-major, but left the CSA after the Battle of Nashville on December 15–16, 1864.[4]
Career
editCunningham moved to Shelbyville, Tennessee, where he worked as a "dry good merchant."[4] He also managed a bookstore in Shelbyville.[5] In 1871, he authored Reminiscences of the Forty-first Tennessee Infantry.[4] That year, he purchased The Shelbyville Commercial, a newspaper in Shelbyville, and served as its editor,[4] as he did with the Rural Sun, a Nashville newspaper, in 1874–1875.[1] By 1876, he purchased The Chattanooga Times, the main newspaper in Chattanooga, Tennessee, and edited it.[4] By 1878, Cunningham "leased" it to Adolph Ochs, who purchased it in 1880.[1] Cunningham purchased and edited The Cartersville Express, a newspaper in Cartersville, Georgia, in 1879.[4] In 1883, he founded Our Day, a newspaper published in New York City whose target readership was Southerners,[1] but it failed by 1885.[2] He became a journalist for The Nashville American, serving as a correspondent from 1885 to 1892.[4]
Cunningham founded The Confederate Veteran in 1893 in Nashville, Tennessee.[3][6] Initially, it was a fundraising newsletter for the construction of a monument in honor of Jefferson Davis, the president of the Confederate States of America, in Richmond, Virginia.[4] Over the years, it became "one of the New South's most influential monthlies" and made Cunningham a leader of the Lost Cause movement.[2]
Cunningham attended meetings of the executive committee of the United Confederate Veterans, as he did for example in Louisville, Kentucky in 1903.[7] Additionally, he encouraged the co-founders of the United Daughters of the Confederacy (UDC), Caroline Meriwether Goodlett and Anna Raines, to make up after Raines complained Goodlett had taken over.[8]
Cunningham attended the dedication of the Confederate Monument in Owensboro, Kentucky in September 1900.[9] On April 29, 1909, he attended the dedication of the Sam Davis Statue outside the Tennessee State Capitol in Nashville; it was Cunningham who had suggested its commission.[10] In 1913, he was responsible for the construction of a sculpture of Union veteran Richard Owen to the Indiana Capitol in Indianapolis, Indiana; Cunningham was praised for his willingness to celebrate a Union veteran.[11] Meanwhile, he was working on a monument to Dan Emmett, the songwriter of "Dixie" by the time of his death.[2] He also served on the committee for the construction of the Jefferson Davis State Historic Site in Fairview, Kentucky, but he died before it was erected.[1]
Cunningham's portrait was painted by Cornelius Hankins.[5]
Personal life
editCunningham married to Laura Davis on November 27, 1866.[1] They had a son, Paul Davis Cunningham, who drowned in the Rio Grande River while surveying the border between the United States and Mexico in his role as an engineer for the United States Army.[12][13] He also had a daughter, who died as an infant.[12] His wife predeceased him in 1879.[1]
Death and legacy
editCunningham died of nose haemorrhage on December 13, 1913, at Saint Thomas Hospital in Nashville, Tennessee.[2][3] His funeral was held at the First Presbyterian Church in Nashville.[12] Pallbearers included generals Bennett H. Young, Virgil Young Cook, and John P. Hickman.[12] He was buried at the Willow Mount Cemetery in Shelbyville, Tennessee.[14]
By January 1914, the Nashville and Tennessee chapters of the United Daughters of the Confederacy passed a resolution in honor of Cunningham.[15] Meanwhile, in May 1914, he was honored at their annual convention.[16]
In 1915, a memorial museum of Confederate veterans named in honor of Cunningham was considered.[17] A fundraising campaign of US$10,000 was launched for a fireproof building.[17] However, the project failed due to lack of funds, despite renewed appeals in 1916 and 1917.[18][19]
On October 28, 1921, a bronze and granite monument designed by Italian sculptor Giuseppe Moretti was added to Cunningham's grave in Shelbyville.[1][4] The Nashville chapter of the UDC endowed the S. A. Cunningham Scholarship at Peabody College (now Vanderbilt University) in his memory.[4]
Cunningham was succeeded as editor of The Confederate Veteran by Edith D. Pope.[3] His papers are held at the Louis Round Wilson Special Collections Library on the campus of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.[3]
References
edit- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Goff, Reda C. (Spring 1972). "The Confederate Veteran Magazine". Tennessee Historical Quarterly. 31 (1): 45–60. JSTOR 42623281.
- ^ a b c d e f Simpson, John A. (December 25, 2009). "Sumner A. Cunningham". The Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture. Tennessee Historical Society & University of Tennessee Press. Retrieved December 14, 2015.
- ^ a b c d e "Collection Title: Sumner Archibald Cunningham Papers, 1891–1945". The Southern Historical Collection at the Louis Round Wilson Special Collections Library. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Retrieved December 14, 2015.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Simpson, John A. (2003). Edith D. Pope and Her Nashville Friends: Guards of the Lost Cause in the Confederate Veteran. Knoxville, Tennessee: University of Tennessee Press. pp. 25–26, 38–39. ISBN 9781572332119. OCLC 428118511.
- ^ a b Evans, Josephine King (Winter 1989). "Nostalgia for a Nickel: The "Confederate Veteran"". Tennessee Historical Quarterly. 48 (4): 238–244. JSTOR 42626824.
- ^ David J. Eicher, Dixie Betrayed: How the South Really Lost the Civil War, New York: Little, Brown and Company, 2006, p. 284
- ^ "S. A. Cunningham Returns. Invitation To U. C. V. Backed by Commercial Organizations". The Tennessean. Nashville, Tennessee. November 19, 1903. p. 1. Retrieved December 14, 2015 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ Cox, Karen L. (2003). Dixie's Daughters: The United Daughters of the Confederacy and the Preservation of Confederate Culture. Gainesville, Florida: University Press of Florida. p. 23. ISBN 9780813026251.
- ^ Joseph Brent, Confederate Monument in Owensboro NRHP Nomination Form (Kentucky Heritage Commission, 1997) p.1
- ^ "Speech of Presentation. Maj. Lewis Delivers Trust of Monument Commission". The Tennessean. Nashville, Tennessee. April 30, 1909. p. 5. Retrieved December 14, 2015 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "High Tribute Is Paid The Confederate Veteran Editor". The Tennessean. Nashville, Tennessee. May 18, 1913. p. 18. Retrieved December 14, 2015 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ a b c d "Editor and Author Dead. S.A. Cunningham Dies At St. Thomas Hospital After Brief Illness. Stricken Wednesday. Funeral Services This Afternoon--Interment at Shelbyville, Childhood Home". The Tennessean. Nashville, Tennessee. December 21, 1913. p. 2. Retrieved December 14, 2015 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Drowned. Paul D. Cunningham Meets Death in Rapids of the Rio Grande. Skiff Was Overturned. The Sad Fatality Occurs Fifty Miles From Eagle Pass. Well Known Here". The Tennessean. Nashville, Tennessee. July 15, 1901. p. 1. Retrieved December 14, 2015 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "S. A. Cunningham Laid To Rest At Old Home". The Tennessean. Nashville, Tennessee. December 23, 1913. p. 11. Retrieved December 14, 2015 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Pay Tribute To S. A. Cunningham: State and Local Daughters of the Confederacy Pass Resolutions". The Tennessean. Nashville, Tennessee. January 8, 1914. p. 11. Retrieved December 14, 2015 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Tributes To S. A. Cunningham: Memorial Exercises Feature of Program of U.D.C. Convention". The Tennessean. Nashville, Tennessee. May 15, 1914. p. 8. Retrieved December 14, 2015 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ a b "To Raise $10,000 For Memorial To S. A. Cunningham. Address to Various Confederate Organizations Is Issued by Committee. Want Fireproof Building. Upon Walls Will Be Hung Pictures of Confederate Generals and Others". The Tennessean. Nashville, Tennessee. September 2, 1915. p. 3. Retrieved December 14, 2015 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Need More Money For Memorial Museum". The Tennessean. Nashville, Tennessee. August 13, 1916. p. 5. Retrieved December 14, 2015 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Work of Raising Funds To Be Pushed. Meeting of Confederate Organization Called in Interest of Cunningham Memorial". The Tennessean. Nashville, Tennessee. October 9, 1917. p. 6. Retrieved December 14, 2015 – via Newspapers.com.
Further reading
edit- Simpson, John A. (1994). S.A. Cunningham & the Confederate Heritage. Athens, Georgia: University of Georgia Press. ISBN 9780820315706. OCLC 27813718.
