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Washington State Route 410

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State Route 410 (SR 410, partially named the Chinook Scenic Byway, and also named the Stephen Mather Memorial Parkway) is a 107.44-mile (172.91 km) long state highway that traverses Pierce, King, and Yakima counties in the US state of Washington. It begins at an interchange with SR 167 in Sumner and travels southeast across the Cascade Range to a junction with U.S. Route 12 (US 12) in Naches. While the western part of SR 410 is a freeway that serves built-up, urban areas, the remainder of the route is a surface road that traverses mostly rural areas as it passes through the mountains.

State Route 410 marker
State Route 410
A map of the Cascade Range northeast of Mount Rainier and the surrounding foothills depicting the route of State Route 410 (SR 410, highlighted in red) between Sumner at SR 167 and Naches at U.S. Route 12 (US 12). This was one of the sections that made up US 410, which existed from 1926 until 1967, being replaced with US 12.
A map of the Cascade Range northeast of Mount Rainier and surrounding foothills with SR 410 highlighted in red.
Route information
Maintained by WSDOT
Length107.44 mi[1] (172.91 km)
Existed1967[2][3]–present
Tourist
routes		 Chinook Scenic Byway
Major junctions
West end SR 167 in Sumner
Major intersections SR 165 in Buckley
SR 164 in Enumclaw
SR 123 at Cayuse Pass
East end US 12 in Naches
Location
CountryUnited States
StateWashington
CountiesPierce, King, Yakima
Highway system
← SR 409→ SR 411

The route starts as a limited-access southerly bypass of Downtown Sumner, but becomes a surface road east of the city. Traveling eastward, the roadway serves Bonney Lake and Buckley, and crosses and eventually parallels the White River into Enumclaw and Greenwater. SR 410 enters the Mount Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest and later heads into Mount Rainier National Park, crossing the Cayuse and Chinook passes, and leaves the park southeast along the American River into Wenatchee National Forest. SR 410 leaves the national forest and travels parallel to the Naches River to end in Naches, a city located west of Yakima. The Chinook Scenic Byway begins in Enumclaw and follows the highway through the two national forests and Mount Rainier National Park to US 12 in Naches.

Modern SR 410 was parts of various state wagon roads until 1926 when US 410 was established, extending from Aberdeen to Lewiston, Idaho. US 410 was decommissioned after US 12 was extended over the majority of the highway in 1967, bypassing Olympia and Chinook Pass. A segment of former US 410 from Elma to Olympia became SR 8 and the Tacoma to Naches segment became SR 410. The highway was later shortened to end in Sumner and was replaced by SR 167 from Tacoma to Sumner.

Route description

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A series of switchbacks on SR 410 approaching Naches Peak

SR 410 begins as a freeway at an interchange with SR 167 near Downtown Sumner.[4] The highway travels southeast across suburban areas, crossing the Stuck River and passing a partial cloverleaf interchange with Linden Drive,[5] also named Traffic Avenue. After a second partial cloverleaf interchange with Thompson Avenue, SR 410 goes under a railroad trestle owned by BNSF Railway and used by Amtrak's Cascades rail service,[6][7] near the northern bank of the Puyallup River.[5] After turning northeast, SR 410 encounters the western terminus of SR 162 by way of a diamond interchange. SR 162 travels north into Downtown Sumner as Valley Avenue and south over the Puyallup River towards Orting.[8] The freeway section near the interchange was the busiest recorded part of SR 410 in 2008 with a daily average of 59,000 motorists using the freeway.[9] Continuing northeast, SR 410 connects to 166th Avenue and turns southeast as an undivided highway into the community of Bonney Lake.[10] East of Bonney Lake, the roadway heads east, passing two shopping centers before entering Buckley and intersecting SR 165. In Buckley, the street travels northeast through Downtown and turns north to cross the White River and enter King County.[1][11]

After leaving Pierce County, the highway travels northeast through rural areas into Enumclaw and passes Enumclaw High School before turning east and being renamed Roosevelt Avenue.[1] As Roosevelt Avenue, the street intersects Griffin Avenue, also designated SR 164, which travels northwest to SR 169 and Auburn. The roadway, now named the Chinook Scenic Byway,[12] passes by the King County Fairgrounds and Enumclaw King County Park.[13][14][15] Leaving Enumclaw in a southeastern direction, SR 410 begins to parallel the White River upriver into Federation Forest State Park, a 619-acre (2.51 km2; 0.967 sq mi) state park consisting of old growth evergreen forests.[16][17] The highway crosses the Greenwater River, northeast of its confluence with the White River, and re-enters Pierce County.[1][11]

 
SR 410 traveling near Chinook Pass, the Pierce–Yakima county line, seen in June.

The bridge ends in the community of Greenwater, named for the river, where the roadway encounters Forest Road 70, which has been proposed to become SR 168 over Naches Pass as an alternative to the Chinook Scenic Byway.[18] From Greenwater, the road travels south alongside the White River into Mount Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest,[19] passing Ranger Creek State Airport, a state-owned airport that is open in the summer and early fall.[20] The byway travels south into Mount Rainier National Park. SR 410 is closed at the gate to Morse Creek, about 5 miles east of the Chinook Pass Summit during the winter and early spring due to high wind, limited cell service and avalanche danger. It intersects SR 123 at Cayuse Pass.[21] SR 410 turns east at the intersection and heads through a series of hairpin turns, passing Tipsoo Lake, to Chinook Pass.[11]

Chinook Pass is the border between Pierce and Yakima counties and Mount Rainier National Park and the Wenatchee National Forest.[21][22] The pass is also where the highway crosses the Pacific Crest Trail, a National Scenic Trail that was completed in 1993.[23][24] East of Chinook Pass, the roadway begins to parallel the American River northeast to follow the Little Naches River, which becomes the Naches River.[22] After a junction with the other end of the proposed SR 168, named Little Naches Road, the highway exits the Wenatchee National Forest and enters Naches. The byway ends at US 12 in Naches near the Naches Selah Canal.[1][11]

History

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Several state roads from 1897 to 1923 that were in the vicinity of Chinook Pass.

The first portion of SR 410 that was defined under law to be built by the state of Washington was a state wagon road that extended from a county road in King County to a county road near Naches. The road ran up alongside the White River until it reached the summit of the Cascades and continued traveling down parallel to the American River before ending at the county road connecting to Naches. This road was approved and built in 1897, making it one of the oldest state roads in Washington state.[25] In 1905, the road became known as State Road 1 and was incorporated into the first state highway system.[26] By 1907, the road was named the White River – Natches Road and was shortened to end at Cedar Springs. The rest of the road was transferred to State Road 5, called the Cowlitz–Natches Road, which ran from Napavine to Naches.[27]

In 1913, the state highway system was adjusted again, and several new roads were added to the system, including parts of what would become US 410. The Olympic Highway traveled around the Olympic Peninsula and a section from Aberdeen to Olympia was later used as part of US 410.[28] The Pacific Highway would later have a brief concurrency with US 410 from Olympia to Tacoma, and US 410 would later connect to the National Park Highway in Tacoma and follow it to Buckley, where State Road 5, now a secondary highway maintained by the counties, began.[28] From the end of State Road 5 in Naches, the Inland Empire Highway is concurrent with the future US 410 to Dayton, where a branch of the highway travels to Clarkston.[28] State Road 5 became the McClellan Pass Highway in 1919 and was aligned further south to Chinook Pass.[29] The McClellan Pass Highway was renamed the Naches Pass Highway in 1921 to reflect the realignment in 1919.[30] Despite the name, the road did not cross Naches Pass, as no highway ever has.

 
A map of PSH 5 and its branches. After US 12 was extended through Washington in 1967, SR 410 used the Sumner–Buckley branch as well as the main highway to Naches for its route.

In 1923, the state highway system was restructured completely, incorporating numbers instead of names. The Olympic Highway became State Road 9, the Pacific Highway became State Road 1, the National Park Highway absorbed the Naches Pass Highway and remained State Road 5, and the Inland Empire Highway became State Road 3, but its branch from Dayton to Clarkston remained a branch of the now non-existent Inland Empire Highway.[31] A system of national highways that improved on the concept of auto trails was formed in late 1925. The final plan for the system—which became the U.S. routes—was approved on November 11, 1926. One of the routes included in the plan was US 410, which extended from US 101 in Aberdeen to US 95 in Lewiston, Idaho. Parts of US 410 were concurrent with other new highways, including US 99 from Olympia to Tacoma and US 97 in Yakima.[32]

The highway across Chinook Pass was completed in 1931 and named the Mather Memorial Highway for conservationist Stephen Mather during a dedication ceremony on July 2, 1932.[33][34] In 1937, the state highway system changed to a primary and secondary system. US 410 remained the same, but its concurrent state highways had their designations changed by the state. State Road 9 became Primary State Highway 9 (PSH 9), State Road 1 and US 99 became PSH 1, State Road 5 became PSH 5, State Road 3 became PSH 3, and the Inland Empire Highway branch from Dayton to Clarkston became a branch of PSH 3.[35]

In 1964, Washington unveiled a new numbering system for highways. Concurrencies with state primary state highways would be repealed in 1970 and US 410 would be a non-concurrent highway. On June 20, 1967, US 12 was extended west from Lewiston, Idaho, over White Pass to Aberdeen, eliminating most of the original route of the highway. The remaining sections were split amongst other routes. The segment from Elma to Olympia became State Route 8 (SR 8).[36][37] Interstate 5 (I-5) took the Olympia–Tacoma segment, and the Tacoma–Naches segment became SR 410.[2][3] The last reassurance markers for US 410 were taken down by December 1967.[38][39][40]

Originally, SR 410 passed through downtown Puyallup and Sumner, following several surface streets (including Main Avenue in Puyallup and Thompson Street, Alder Avenue and Main Street in Sumner) across the two cities. In the late 1960s, construction began on a limited-access bypass of the two city centers. SR 410 was moved onto the new freeway by 1972.[41][42] In 1973, SR 410 was shortened to its current length after SR 167 was extended to Tacoma.[2] The Mather Memorial Parkway was designated as a All-American Road under the National Scenic Byways program in 1998.[43]

On October 11, 2009, a massive landslide buried about 0.5 miles (0.80 km) of SR 410 west of Naches in the Nile Valley.[44][45] The landslide also redirected a section of the Naches River and caused it to overflow into nearby homes.[46] A detour was set up on Nile Road and initially limited to use by local residents until opening up to all traffic on October 20.[47] SR 410 was permanently rerouted onto Nile Road sometime afterward,[48] and the Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT) completed paving on the new segment of SR 410 on November 20.[44][49][50] After three years, SR 410 was re-routed back to the east side of the Naches River along the toe of the landslide with a permanent route that opened in August 2012.[51]

Major intersections

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CountyLocationmi[1]kmDestinationsNotes
PierceSumner0.000.00  SR 167 (Valley Freeway) – Tacoma, Auburn, Renton
0.480.77Linden Drive (Traffic Avenue) / Thompson Avenue
1.562.51 
  SR 162 east (Valley Avenue) – Orting		Western terminus of SR 162
2.634.23166th Avenue East / Sumner Tapps Highway East
East end of freeway
Buckley11.8419.05 
  SR 165 south – Wilkeson		Northern terminus of SR 165
White RiverBridge over White River
KingEnumclaw15.9825.72 
  
 
  SR 164 west (Griffin Avenue) to SR 169 north (Porter Street) – Auburn, Renton		Begin Chinook Scenic Byway
Greenwater River33.8754.51Bridge over Greenwater River
PierceGreenwater35.9657.87 
  FR 70 east – Naches Pass		Proposed SR 168 east
​48.7078.38Mount Rainier National Park gate (entrance)
Cayuse Pass56.8691.51 
  
  SR 123 south to US 12 – Packwood		Northern terminus of SR 123
Chinook Pass60.3297.08Chinook Pass
YakimaWenatchee National Forest65.64105.64Mount Rainier National Park gate (entrance)
83.20133.90Little Naches Road – Naches PassProposed SR 168 west
Naches107.44172.91  US 12 – Yakima, White Pass
1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi

References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f Washington State Department of Transportation (2008). "State Highway Log: Planning Report, SR 2 to SR 971" (PDF). Retrieved October 21, 2009.
  2. ^ a b c Washington State Legislature (1970). "RCW 41.17.610: State route No. 410". Retrieved October 21, 2009.
  3. ^ a b Weingroff, Richard F. (January 1, 2009). "U.S. 12 Michigan to Washington". Federal Highway Administration. Retrieved October 21, 2009.
  4. ^ Washington State Department of Transportation (August 23, 2005). "SR 167; Junction SR 410" (PDF). Retrieved October 21, 2009.
  5. ^ a b Washington State Department of Transportation (August 6, 2001). "SR 410; Junction Linden Drive / Thompson Avenue" (PDF). Retrieved October 21, 2009.
  6. ^ Washington State Rail System (PDF) (Map). Washington State Department of Transportation. 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 5, 2011. Retrieved October 21, 2009.
  7. ^ Amtrak Cascades Route (Map). Washington State Department of Transportation. 2009. Retrieved October 21, 2009.
  8. ^ Washington State Department of Transportation (November 19, 1992). "SR 410; Junction SR 162 / Valley Avenue" (PDF). Retrieved October 21, 2009.
  9. ^ Washington State Department of Transportation (2008). "2008 Annual Traffic Report" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on June 16, 2010. Retrieved October 21, 2009.
  10. ^ Washington State Department of Transportation (June 22, 2005). "SR 410; Junction 166th Avenue E" (PDF). Retrieved October 21, 2009.
  11. ^ a b c d "State Route 410" (Map). Google Maps. 2009. Retrieved October 21, 2009.
  12. ^ National Scenic Byway Program. "Chinook Scenic Byway, Washington". Retrieved October 21, 2009.
  13. ^ Enumclaw's King County Fair. "Enumclaw's King County Fair". Retrieved October 21, 2009.
  14. ^ Enumclaw's King County Fair. "Enumclaw's King County Fair Directions". Retrieved October 21, 2009.
  15. ^ Enumclaw Exposition Center Vincity Map (PDF) (Map). City of Enumclaw Equestarian Country. Retrieved October 21, 2009.
  16. ^ Washington State Parks (2009). "Federation Forest State Park". Retrieved October 21, 2009.
  17. ^ Federation Forest State Park (PDF) (Map). Washington State Parks. 2009. Retrieved October 21, 2009.
  18. ^ Washington State Legislature (1970). "RCW 41.17.335: State route No. 168". Retrieved October 21, 2009.
  19. ^ Vincity Map of Mount Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest (PDF) (Map). United States Forest Service. 2008. Retrieved October 21, 2009.
  20. ^ Washington State Department of Transportation. "Ranger Creek State Airport". Retrieved October 21, 2009.
  21. ^ a b Mount Rainier National Park (PDF) (Map). National Park Service. 2009. Retrieved October 21, 2009.
  22. ^ a b Okanogan and Wenatchee National Forests (Map). United States Forest Service. Retrieved October 21, 2009.
  23. ^ United States Forest Service. "Pacific Crest National Scenic Trail". Retrieved October 21, 2009.
  24. ^ United States Forest Service. "Washington Segment of the Pacific Crest Trail". Retrieved October 21, 2009.
  25. ^ "Chapter 116". Session Laws of the State of Washington (1897 ed.). Olympia, Washington: Washington State Legislature. March 18, 1897. pp. 342–345. Retrieved November 6, 2010.
  26. ^ "Chapter 7". Session Laws of the State of Washington (1905 ed.). Olympia, Washington: Washington State Legislature. January 26, 1905. p. 20. Retrieved November 6, 2010.
  27. ^ "Chapter 151". Session Laws of the State of Washington (1907 ed.). Olympia, Washington: Washington State Legislature. March 13, 1907. pp. 309–310. Retrieved November 6, 2010.
  28. ^ a b c "Chapter 65". Session Laws of the State of Washington (1913 ed.). Olympia, Washington: Washington State Legislature. March 12, 1913. pp. 221–223. Retrieved November 6, 2010.
  29. ^ "Chapter 110". Session Laws of the State of Washington (1919 ed.). Olympia, Washington: Washington State Legislature. March 14, 1919. pp. 268–269. Retrieved November 6, 2010.
  30. ^ "Chapter 32". Session Laws of the State of Washington (1921 ed.). Olympia, Washington: Washington State Legislature. March 2, 1921. p. 118. Retrieved November 6, 2010.
  31. ^ "Chapter 185". Session Laws of the State of Washington (1923 ed.). Olympia, Washington: Washington State Legislature. March 19, 1923. pp. 627–630, 632. Retrieved November 6, 2010.
  32. ^ Bureau of Public Roads & American Association of State Highway Officials (November 11, 1926). United States System of Highways Adopted for Uniform Marking by the American Association of State Highway Officials (Map). 1:7,000,000. Washington, DC: United States Geological Survey. OCLC 32889555. Retrieved November 7, 2013 – via Wikimedia Commons.
  33. ^ "Two Ceremonies to Honor Mather". The Tacoma News Tribune. July 1, 1932. p. 2. Retrieved July 29, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  34. ^ "Cascade's Wondaland Within One Day of City". Spokane Daily Chronicle. August 10, 1932. p. 13. Retrieved July 29, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  35. ^ "Chapter 190". Session Laws of the State of Washington (1937 ed.). Olympia, Washington: Washington State Legislature. March 17, 1973. pp. 933–938. Retrieved November 6, 2010.
  36. ^ C. G. Prahl, Washington State Highway Commission (December 1, 1965). "Identification of State Highways, Part 1" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on February 2, 2020. Retrieved November 6, 2010.
  37. ^ C. G. Prahl, Washington State Highway Commission (December 1, 1965). "Identification of State Highways, Part 2" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on October 30, 2020. Retrieved November 6, 2010.
  38. ^ "Highway 410 is now U.S. No. 12". Walla Walla Union-Bulletin. December 28, 1967. p. 1.
  39. ^ "U-B Action Line". Walla Walla Union-Bulletin. September 29, 1968. p. 1.
  40. ^ Washington State Highway Commission (1970). "Annual Traffic Report" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on June 25, 2008. Retrieved November 6, 2010.
  41. ^ Seattle, 1965 (Map). 1:250,000. Cartography by United States Army Corps of Engineers. United States Geological Survey. 1965. Retrieved December 4, 2010.
  42. ^ Washington Oregon Road Map (Map). 1 in ≈ 17.3 mi (WA) / 1 in ≈ 20.9 mi (OR). Cartography by Rand McNally. Union 76. 1972.
  43. ^ "Mather Parkway: Road chosen one of country's most beautiful". Kitsap Sun. Associated Press. July 17, 1998. Retrieved April 4, 2022.
  44. ^ a b Long, Priscilla (January 6, 2010). "Massive landslide in the Nile Valley (Yakima County) blocks State Route 410 and redirects the flow of the Naches River on October 11, 2009". HistoryLink. Retrieved July 26, 2023.
  45. ^ Doughton, Sandi (October 11, 2009). "Hwy 410 likely closed for winter after huge landslide". The Seattle Times. Retrieved November 6, 2010.
  46. ^ "Flooding from Naches landslide still a threat". The Seattle Times. The Associated Press. October 16, 2009. Retrieved November 6, 2010.
  47. ^ Seattle Times staff (October 20, 2009). "Detour around Highway 410 landslide open to all". The Seattle Times. Retrieved November 6, 2010.
  48. ^ Lester, David (November 2, 2009). "Landslide changes life in valley near Naches". The Seattle Times. Retrieved November 6, 2010.
  49. ^ Washington State Department of Transportation (2009). "SR 410 – Nile Valley Landslide". Retrieved November 6, 2010.
  50. ^ SR 410 – Nile Valley Landslide – Project Map (Map). Washington State Department of Transportation. 2009. Retrieved November 6, 2010.
  51. ^ Washington State Department of Transportation (2012). "SR 410 - Nile Valley Landslide - Reconstruct Route - Complete August 2012". Archived from the original on January 24, 2013. Retrieved November 30, 2012.
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