Sturmmann (German: [ˈʃtʊʁmman], lit. 'Storm man') was a Nazi Party paramilitary rank that was first created in the year 1921. The rank of Sturmmann was used by the Sturmabteilung (SA) and the Schutzstaffel (SS).
| Sturmmann | |
|---|---|
 SS Gorget patch | |
  SS Shoulder and sleeve insignia | |
| Country |  Nazi Germany |
| Service branch |  Hitler Youth National Socialist Motor Corps National Socialist Flyers Corps Schutzstaffel Sturmabteilung |
| Formation | 1921 |
| Abolished | 1945 |
| Next higher rank | Rottenführer |
| Next lower rank | Oberschütze (Waffen-SS) Mann (Allgemeine SS and SA) |
| Equivalent ranks | Gefreiter |
The word originated during World War I when Sturmmann was a position held by soldiers in German pioneer assault companies, also known as "shock troops".
Creation
editFollowing the defeat of Germany in 1918, Sturmmann became a paramilitary rank of the Freikorps, violent groups of military veterans who opposed Germany's loss of World War I and the subsequent Treaty of Versailles.
In 1921, Sturmmann became a paramilitary title of the Nazi Party's private army, the Sturmabteilung (SA or "Assault Detachment").[1] Sturmmann would eventually become a basic paramilitary rank of almost every Nazi organization, but is most closely associated as an SA rank and as a rank of the SS.
The rank of Sturmmann was bestowed upon those members of the SA and SS who had served for six months in the organization and had demonstrated basic abilities and competence.[2]
Use
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| Waffen-SS | Heer (Army) | Luftwaffe (Air Force) | Kriegsmarine (Navy) |
|---|---|---|---|
| SS-Schütze | Schütze | Flieger | Matrose |
| SS-Oberschütze | Oberschütze | ||
| SS-Sturmmann | Gefreiter | Matrosengefreiter | |
| SS-Rottenführer | Obergefreiter | Matrosenobergefreiter | |
| No equivalent | Hauptgefreiter | Matrosenhauptgefreiter | |
| No equivalent | Stabsgefreiter | Matrosenstabsgefreiter | |
| No equivalent | Matrosenoberstabsgefreiter | ||
Sturmmann was senior to the rank of Mann in the Allgemeine-SS (general-SS).[3] In organizations which did not use the rank of Mann (such as the National Socialist Motor Corps), the rank of Sturmmann was the equivalent of a private and wore a blank collar patch with no insignia.[4] Within the Waffen-SS, an SS-Sturmmann was senior to an SS-Oberschütze.[3]
The rank of Sturmmann was junior, in both the SS and SA, to the rank of Rottenführer.[1][3] It was considered the equivalent to the rank of Gefreiter in the German Army and a lance-corporal in the British Army.[5] The insignia for Sturmmann consisted of a bare collar patch with a single silver stripe.[4] The field grey uniforms of the Waffen-SS also displayed the sleeve chevron of a Gefreiter.
Insignia
edit-
-
-
SS Sleeve badge -
SA gorget patch -
NSKK gorget patch -
NSFK gorget patch
Post-war use
editThe term and rank has not been used in Germany since World War II.
See also
edit| Junior rank SS-Mann |
Rank Allgemeine SS SS-Sturmmann |
Senior rank SS-Rottenführer |
| Junior ranks SS-Oberschütze |
Rank Waffen-SS SS-Sturmmann |
Senior rank SS-Rottenführer |
| Junior rank SA-Mann |
SA rank SA-Sturmmann |
Senior rank SA-Rottenführer |
| Junior rank Oberschütze also Oberkanonier Obergrenadier (from 1942) Oberpionier Oberfahrer Oberfunker, etc. |
Rank Wehrmacht (Heer) Gefreiter |
Senior rank Obergefreiter[3] |
Notes
edit- ^ a b McNab 2009b, p. 15.
- ^ Lumsden 2000, p. 109.
- ^ a b c d McNab 2009, p. 30.
- ^ a b Flaherty 2004, p. 148.
- ^ Stein 1984, p. 297.
Bibliography
edit- Flaherty, T. H. (2004) [1988]. The Third Reich: The SS. Time-Life Books, Inc. ISBN 1-84447-073-3.
- Lumsden, Robin (2000). A Collector's Guide To: The Waffen–SS. Ian Allan Publishing, Inc. ISBN 0-7110-2285-2.
- McNab, Chris (2009). The SS: 1923–1945. Amber Books Ltd. ISBN 978-1-906626-49-5.
- McNab, Chris (2009b). The Third Reich. Amber Books Ltd. ISBN 978-1-906626-51-8.
- Stein, George (1984) [1966]. The Waffen-SS: Hitler's Elite Guard at War 1939–1945. Cornell University Press. ISBN 0-8014-9275-0.