Said Akbar Babrak (Pashto: سید اکبر ببرک; 1921 or 1922 – 16 October 1951) was an Afghan militant who assassinated the first Pakistani prime minister Liaquat Ali Khan in the city of Rawalpindi on 16 October 1951. Khan, who had become the country's prime minister immediately after the partition of India in 1947, was addressing a crowd of more than 100,000 people at Rawalpindi's Company Bagh when Babrak approached him and shot him twice in the chest; Khan later succumbed to his injuries at a local hospital. As Babrak was shot dead by police officers at the scene shortly after the shooting, his motives for the assassination remain unclear.[2] An ethnic Pashtun, he had previously taken part in the Afghan tribal revolts of 1944–1947, fighting against the governments of both Afghanistan and British India.
Said Akbar Babrak | |
|---|---|
سعید اکبر ببرک | |
| Born | 1921 or 1922 |
| Died | 16 October 1951 (aged 29)[1] |
| Cause of death | Gunshot |
| Other names | Said Akbar Khan Babrakzai |
| Known for | Assassinating Pakistani prime minister Liaquat Ali Khan |
| Spouse | Musammat Malmal Bibi (c. 1940s) |
| Children | 2 |
| Father | Babrak Khan |
| Military career | |
| Allegiance | Rebels of Mazrak Zadran |
| Battles / wars | Afghan tribal revolts of 1944–1947 |
Early life and activities
editSaid Akbar was born in 1921 or 1922[1] in Khost, Afghanistan.[3] He was the son of Babrak Khan, a Zadran chieftain.[4] When his father died, Said's brother, Mazrak became the new chief.[4] Mazrak would fight against the Afghan government during the Afghan tribal revolts of 1944–1947 to support the restoration of King Amanullah Khan. Said was a minor leader in these revolts, fighting for Mazrak.[5]
Assassination of Liaquat Ali Khan
editOn October 16, 1951, during a public meeting, Said Akbar Khan shot the Prime Minister of Pakistan Liaquat Ali Khan twice in a park in Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. The assassin was fatally shot by police officers seconds later. Liaquat was rushed to a hospital, where he died after a blood transfusion.[6]
Motives
editBabrak's motives for the assassination have not been resolved, as he was shot dead by police shortly after attacking Khan.
The lack of evidence has led to the rise of many conspiracy theories regarding Khan's assassination, particularly theories that put forward the idea that he was killed at the behest of foreign powers. There was speculation among the Pakistani public that Babrak had been enlisted as an agent of the Soviet Union to kill Khan, who had been steering Pakistan towards the United States in the ongoing Cold War. However, others theories have instead alleged that the assassination was orchestrated by the United States.[6] The assassination had come seven months after the Rawalpindi conspiracy, a failed coup d'état by the Pakistan Army against Khan and his government.
The Afghan government has denied any role in Khan's assassination and stated that Babrak was acting independently.[7]
Family
editSaid had two sons,[8] including Dilawar Khan.[9] His wife was Musammat Malmal Bibi.[10]
| Mazar Khan[11] fl. late 19th century | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Babrak Khan d. 1924 or 1925 | Khan Muhammad[12] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mazrak Zadran fl. 1900s – 1972 | Said Akbar Babrak[13] b. 1921 or 1922 d. 16 Oct 1951 | Sher Muhd Khan[14] fl. 1925 – 1947 | Izmair[15] fl. 1925 – 1945 | 5 or 14 others[note 1] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dilawar Khan[19] b. 1939 or 1940 | Muhammad Umar Babrakzai[note 2] fl. 1980 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
- ^ Sources disagree how many sons Babrak had - Jamna Das Akhtar states that Babrak had 18 sons,[16] while a Pakistani government inquiry titled The Assassination of Mr. Liaquat Ali Khan states that Babrak had 9 sons.[17] David B. Edwards states that Babrak had 2 sons,[18] but this appears to be false, as at least 4 of his son's names are known.
- ^ Muhammad Umar Babrakzai was Babrak Khan's grandchild[20] although it's unclear through what father.
External links
editReferences
edit- ^ a b Muñoz, Heraldo (2014). Getting Away with Murder: Benazir Bhutto's Assassination and the Politics of Pakistan. W. W. Norton & Company. p. 38. ISBN 978-0-393-06291-5.
The killer was a twenty-nine-year-old Afghan by the name of Said Akbar
- ^ "A tale of 'political martyrs' in Pakistan". Pakistan Today. 15 August 2018.
- ^ Collier's ... Year Book Covering the Year ... P.F. Collier & Son. 1952. p. 4.
the Pakistan government declared officially that the assassin had been identified as a national of Afghanistan named Said Akbar from the village of Khost.
- ^ a b Fetherling, George (2011-11-16). "AKBAR, Said". The Book of Assassins. Random House of Canada. ISBN 978-0-307-36909-3.
- ^ State, United States Department of (1977). Foreign Relations of the United States: Diplomatic Papers. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 1995.
- ^ a b Khuro, Zarrar (December 27, 2010). "Unexplained assassinations". Tribune Pakistan. Retrieved 9 February 2012.
- ^ "Breaking the myths of Pakistan ruining Afghanistan". Pakistan Today. 12 August 2016.
- ^ The Assassination of Mr. Liaquat Ali Khan: Report of the Commission of Enquiry. Manager of Publications. 1952. p. 34.
Said Akbar had come from the frontier Hotel and that he had with him his wife and two children
- ^ The Assassination of Mr. Liaquat Ali Khan: Report of the Commission of Enquiry. Manager of Publications. 1952. p. 21.
Said Akbar's son Dilawar Khan admits that his mother occasionally used to go to the pictures with his father.
- ^ Pakistan Affairs. Information Division, Embassy of Pakistan. 1951. p. 3.
- ^ "ببرک خان ځدراڼ/صفيه حليم". dawatmedia24. 18 August 2019. Retrieved 19 March 2020.
- ^ Adamec, Ludwig W. (1975). Historical and Political Who's who of Afghanistan (PDF). Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt. p. 130. ISBN 978-3-201-00921-8.
- ^ Fetherling, George (2011-11-16). "AKBAR, Said". The Book of Assassins. Random House of Canada. ISBN 978-0-307-36909-3.
- ^ Yapp, Malcolm (2001). British documents on foreign affairs: reports and papers from the foreign office confidential print. From 1946 through 1950. Near and Middle-East 1947. Afghanistan, Persia and Turkey, january 1947-december 1947. University Publications of America. p. 109. ISBN 978-1-55655-765-1.
- ^ https://web.archive.org/web/20041217215440/http://www.icdc.com/~paulwolf/pakistan/pakintrigue.htm
- ^ Akhtar, Jamna Das (1969). Political conspiracies in Pakistan: Liaquat Ali's murder to Ayub Khan's exit. Punjabi Pustak Bhandar. p. 224.
- ^ The Assassination of Mr. Liaquat Ali Khan: Report of the Commission of Enquiry. Manager of Publications. 1952. p. 11.
- ^ Edwards, David B. (2002-04-02). Before Taliban: Genealogies of the Afghan Jihad. University of California Press. p. 329. ISBN 978-0-520-22861-0.
- ^ Zaidi, Syed (2010). "The Assassination of the Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan: The Fateful Journey" (PDF). nihcr.edu.pk. p. 81.
Dilawar Khan was eleven years old boy. He was the son of Said Akbar, the alleged assassin
- ^ Brown, Vahid; Rassler, Don (2013). Fountainhead of Jihad: The Haqqani Nexus, 1973-2012. Oxford University Press. p. 56. ISBN 978-0-19-932798-0.