Sagaing (Burmese: စစ်ကိုင်းမြို့; MLCTS: cac kuing: mrui., pronounced [zəɡáɪɰ̃ mjo̰]) is the former capital of the Sagaing Region of Myanmar. It is located on the Irrawaddy River, 20 km (12 mi) to the south-west of Mandalay on the opposite bank of the river. Sagaing, with numerous Buddhist monasteries, is an important religious and monastic centre. The pagodas and monasteries crowd the numerous hills along the ridge running parallel to the river. The central pagoda, Soon U Ponya Shin Pagoda, is connected by a set of covered staircases that run up the 240 m (790 ft) hill.

Sagaing
စစ်ကိုင်းမြို့
City
The Yadanabon Bridge on the Irrawaddy
The Yadanabon Bridge on the Irrawaddy
Sagaing is located in Myanmar
Sagaing
Sagaing
Location in Burma
Coordinates: 21°52′56″N 95°58′43″E / 21.88222°N 95.97861°E / 21.88222; 95.97861
CountryMyanmar
Division Sagaing Region
Population
 (2014)
307,194
 • Religions
Buddhism
Time zoneUTC+6.30 (MST)

Today, with about 70,000 inhabitants, the city is part of Mandalay built-up area with more than 1,022,000 inhabitants estimated in 2011. The city is a frequent tourist destination of day trippers. Within the city are the Sagaing Institute of Education, the Sagaing Education College, Sagaing University, Technological University (Sagaing), and co-operative university (Sagaing).

Sagaing University was established on 11 February 2012. It is in Pakatoe Quarter, Sagaing Township, Sagaing Region, Myanmar. It has an area of 121.55 ha (300.35 acres). As a result, there are now five colleges/university in Sagaing.

Name

edit

The classical name of Sagaing is Zeyapura (ဇေယျာပူရ; Pali: Jayapura), which literally translates to "city of victory."[1]

History

edit

Sagaing was the capital of Sagaing Kingdom (1315–1364), one of the minor kingdoms that rose up after the fall of Pagan dynasty, where one of Thihathu's sons, Athinkhaya, established himself.[2]: 227  During the Ava period (1364–1555), the city was the common fief of the crown prince or senior princes. During the reign of King Naungdawgyi, Sagaing briefly became the royal capital between 1760 and 1763.

On 8 August 1988, Sagaing was the site of demonstrations which were concluded by a massacre in which around 300 civilians were killed.[3]

Climate

edit

Located in the rain shadow of the Arakan Mountains, Sagaing has a borderline hot semi-arid climate (Köppen BSh) just short of a tropical savanna climate (Aw). The city receives less than a third of the rainfall that Chittagong has at a similar latitude on the Bay of Bengal. Unlike most monsoonal semi-arid climates, the rainy season is relatively long at around five to six months, while variability and extreme monthly and daily rainfalls are much lower than usual with this type of climate.[4]

Climate data for Sagaing (1991–2020)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 34.5
(94.1)
37.7
(99.9)
42.0
(107.6)
45.5
(113.9)
45.2
(113.4)
40.5
(104.9)
40.0
(104.0)
38.4
(101.1)
38.8
(101.8)
38.0
(100.4)
37.0
(98.6)
36.5
(97.7)
45.5
(113.9)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 29.5
(85.1)
32.6
(90.7)
36.4
(97.5)
38.3
(100.9)
36.0
(96.8)
34.4
(93.9)
33.7
(92.7)
33.0
(91.4)
33.2
(91.8)
32.8
(91.0)
31.4
(88.5)
29.2
(84.6)
33.4
(92.1)
Daily mean °C (°F) 22.0
(71.6)
24.5
(76.1)
28.6
(83.5)
31.4
(88.5)
30.9
(87.6)
30.3
(86.5)
29.9
(85.8)
29.5
(85.1)
29.4
(84.9)
28.5
(83.3)
25.9
(78.6)
22.6
(72.7)
27.8
(82.0)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 14.5
(58.1)
16.5
(61.7)
20.8
(69.4)
24.6
(76.3)
25.8
(78.4)
26.2
(79.2)
26.2
(79.2)
25.9
(78.6)
25.5
(77.9)
24.2
(75.6)
20.4
(68.7)
16.0
(60.8)
22.2
(72.0)
Record low °C (°F) 10.7
(51.3)
11.0
(51.8)
13.5
(56.3)
18.7
(65.7)
19.3
(66.7)
20.5
(68.9)
20.0
(68.0)
20.5
(68.9)
19.2
(66.6)
16.7
(62.1)
14.0
(57.2)
12.3
(54.1)
10.7
(51.3)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 5.0
(0.20)
3.5
(0.14)
5.4
(0.21)
40.6
(1.60)
148.6
(5.85)
82.1
(3.23)
66.2
(2.61)
126.2
(4.97)
158.9
(6.26)
134.3
(5.29)
28.4
(1.12)
4.8
(0.19)
804.0
(31.65)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 0.6 0.4 0.6 3.2 9.5 6.8 5.9 9.3 11.0 8.5 2.6 0.7 59.0
Source 1: World Meteorological Organization[5]
Source 2: Meteomanz(record since 2014)[6]

People

edit

Places of interest

edit

The Kaunghmudaw Pagoda (Burmese: ကောင်းမှုတော် ဘုရား [káʊɴ m̥ṵ dɔ̀ pʰəjá]; Yaza Mani Sula Kaunghmudaw (ရာဇမဏိစူဠာ ကောင်းမှုတော်); Pali: Rājamaṇicūḷā) is a large pagoda on the northwestern outskirts of Sagaing.

Images

edit

See also

edit

References

edit
  1. ^ Hardiman, John Percy (1901). Gazetteer of Upper Burma and the Shan States. Superintendent, Government Printing, Burma.
  2. ^ Coedès, George (1968). Walter F. Vella (ed.). The Indianized States of south-east Asia. trans.Susan Brown Cowing. University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 978-0-8248-0368-1.
  3. ^ Irrawaddy article 1997 Archived 2010-10-04 at the Wayback Machine
  4. ^ See Camberlin, Pierre (2010). "More variable tropical climates have a slower demographic growth" (PDF). Climate Research. 41: 157–167. Bibcode:2010ClRes..41..157C. doi:10.3354/cr00856.
  5. ^ "World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991–2020". World Meteorological Organization. Retrieved 16 October 2023.
  6. ^ "NAJAF - Weather data by month". meteomanz. Retrieved 28 June 2024.
Sagaing
Preceded by Capital of Sagaing Kingdom
June 1315 – April 1364
Succeeded by
End of Kingdom
Preceded by
New Kingdom
Capital of Ava Kingdom
April – September 1364
Succeeded by
Preceded by Capital of Burma
26 July 1760 – 23 July 1765
Succeeded by

[1]