Sagittaria montevidensis is a species of flowering plant in the water-plantain family Alismataceae. Common names include giant arrowhead[3] and California arrowhead.
| California arrowhead | |
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Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Monocots |
| Order: | Alismatales |
| Family: | Alismataceae |
| Genus: | Sagittaria |
| Species: | S. montevidensis
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| Binomial name | |
| Sagittaria montevidensis | |
| Subspecies | |
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See text | |
| Synonyms[2] | |
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Description
editSagittaria montevidensis is a robust, stemless, rhizomatous, aquatic plant. The young ribbon-like leaves grow submerged, while the leaves of older plants emerge above the water surface. The leaves are sagitatte and glabrous, up to 28 centimetres (11 inches) long and 23 cm (9 in) wide. Its terete, spongy petioles may reach a length of more than 0.75 metres (2+1⁄2 feet) and are up to 7.5 cm (3 in) thick.
Inflorescences are typically shorter than the leaves and decumbent. Flowers are in whorls or pairs at nodes and have a diameter of two to three centimeters. They have three petals, each of which is white with a striking wine-colored stain, and three green sepals. The thick pedicels are as long as 5 cm (2 in). Flowering occurs from June to September.[4]
Subspecies
edit- Sagittaria montevidensis subsp. calycina (Engelm.) Bogin (syn. Sagittaria calycina Engelm.) – United States, Mexico[5]
- Sagittaria montevidensis subsp. montevidensis – South America[6]
- Sagittaria montevidensis subsp. spongiosa (syn. Sagittaria calycina var. spongiosa Engelm., Lophotocarpus spongiosus (Engelm.) J.G.Sm.) – Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern United States, New Brunswick in Canada[7]
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Giant arrowhead (Sagittaria montevidensis) -
Close-up on a flower -
Leaves of Sagittaria montevidensis at the Orto Botanico dell'Università di Genova
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Distribution and habitat
editS. montevidensis is widespread in wetlands of North America (United States, Canada, Mexico) and South America (Brazil, Bolivia, Ecuador, Peru, Argentina, Chile, Paraguay, Uruguay).[1] In North America, the distribution is disjunct, primarily in a wide area from West Virginia to Texas to South Dakota, but with isolated occurrences in New Brunswick, Maine, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, California, Florida and Alabama[8] It is reportedly naturalized in Spain, Tanzania, and the Island of Java in Indonesia.[9]
It grows preferentially at the edges of ponds, in shallow and often only temporarily existing waters.[citation needed]
References
edit- ^ a b "Sagittaria montevidensis". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 2010-05-11.
- ^ The Plant List, Sagittaria montevidensis
- ^ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Sagittaria montevidensis". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 26 October 2015.
- ^ "Sagittaria montevidensis Cham. & Schl. subsp. calycina (Engelm.) Bogin". Missouriplants.com. Archived from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2010-05-11.
- ^ "Sagittaria montevidensis subsp. calycina". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 2010-05-12.
- ^ "Sagittaria montevidensis subsp. montevidensis". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 2010-05-12.
- ^ "Sagittaria montevidensis subsp. spongiosa". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 2010-05-12.
- ^ "Sagittaria montevidensis in Flora of North America @ efloras.org". www.efloras.org. Retrieved 2017-01-30.
- ^ "World Checklist of Selected Plant Families: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew". apps.kew.org. Retrieved 2017-01-30.
External links
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Media related to Sagittaria montevidensis at Wikimedia Commons
Data related to Sagittaria montevidensis at Wikispecies