Saint-Nicolas-du-Pélem

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Saint-Nicolas-du-Pélem (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ nikɔla dy pelɛm]; Breton: Sant-Nikolaz-ar-Pelem) is a commune in the Côtes-d'Armor department of Brittany in northwestern France.

Saint-Nicolas-du-Pélem
Sant-Nikolaz-ar-Pelem
Place Kreisker in Saint-Nicolas-du-Pélem
Place Kreisker in Saint-Nicolas-du-Pélem
Coat of arms of Saint-Nicolas-du-Pélem
Location of Saint-Nicolas-du-Pélem
Map
Saint-Nicolas-du-Pélem is located in France
Saint-Nicolas-du-Pélem
Saint-Nicolas-du-Pélem
Saint-Nicolas-du-Pélem is located in Brittany
Saint-Nicolas-du-Pélem
Saint-Nicolas-du-Pélem
Coordinates: 48°18′50″N 3°09′47″W / 48.3139°N 3.1631°W / 48.3139; -3.1631
CountryFrance
RegionBrittany
DepartmentCôtes-d'Armor
ArrondissementGuingamp
CantonRostrenen
IntercommunalityKreiz-Breizh
Government
 • Mayor (2020–2026) Daniel Le Caër[1]
Area
1
41.04 km2 (15.85 sq mi)
Population
 (2021)[2]
1,548
 • Density38/km2 (98/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+01:00 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+02:00 (CEST)
INSEE/Postal code
22321 /22480
Elevation139–291 m (456–955 ft)
1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.

Population

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Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
1968 2,102—    
1975 2,106+0.03%
1982 2,023−0.57%
1990 1,922−0.64%
1999 1,843−0.47%
2009 1,760−0.46%
2014 1,688−0.83%
2020 1,555−1.36%
Source: INSEE[3]

Inhabitants of Saint-Nicolas-du-Pélem are called pélemois in French.

History

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Prehistory

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The cairn of Croaz Dom Herry, discovered in 2005, dates to the middle of the Neolithic, but has largely been quarried for its stones, particularly during the late Middle Ages; it has 4 circular funeral chambers, each about 3 meters in diameter, at the end of a long corridor.[4]

Roman period

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The town that later became Saint-Nicolas-du-Pélem was built 500 meters from the Roman road linking Vorgium (capital of the Osismii) with Corseul and Aleth (capital of the Coriosolites).

A large plateau surrounded by an artificial moat near Pélinec pond is sometimes considered to be the remains of a pre-Roman fortification of the Gauls,[5] or of a Roman camp, and sometimes as the remains of a medieval camp (Frotier de la Messelière reports having seen foundations for a circular stone tower).

Second World War

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A monument to the deceased of Saint-Nicolas-du-Pélem lists 32 individuals who perished during World War II.[6]

Le maquis Tito

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During the German occupation, the a group of maquis of the FTP operating in the Côtes-du-Nord, was organized during the spring of 1943 in the rectangular area of Trémargat, Lanrivain, Peumerit-Quintin, and Saint-Nicolas-du-Pélem, led by Louis Pichouron, whose nom de guerre was "Commandant Alain".[7] In January 1944 they took the name of the "Tito Company", after Josip Broz Tito, leader of the communist resistance movement in Yugoslavia, with a team in Saint-Nicolas-du-Pélem led by Théodore Le Nénan.

On November 11, 1943, Théodore Le Nénan killed a member of the Feldgendarmerie in Plouaret; on December 23 Georges Ollitrault attacked a German officer at Loudéac. An attack on the town hall of Saint-Nicodème resulted in the arrest of many members of the group at Trébrivan, and four were shot on May 6, 1944, at Ploufragan.[8]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Répertoire national des élus: les maires" (in French). data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises. 13 September 2022.
  2. ^ "Populations légales 2021" (in French). The National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies. 28 December 2023.
  3. ^ Population en historique depuis 1968, INSEE
  4. ^ Yves Menez and Stéphane Hingant, "Fouilles et découvertes en Bretagne", éditions Ouest-France, INRAP, 2010 [ISBN 978-2-7373-5074-0]. Also Jean-Yves Tinevez et al., "Le cairn de Croaz Dom Herry et ses carrières de schiste (Saint-Nicolas-du-Pélem - Côtes-d'Armor)", revue Gallia Préhistoire, 2012, volume 54-2, pages 191-238.
  5. ^ Guide des lieux insolites et secrets de Bretagne, par Alain Dag’Naud, éditions Gisserot
  6. ^ Memorialgenweb.org - Saint-Nicolas-du- Pélem : monument aux morts 1939-1945.
  7. ^ Louis Pichouron, born on March 27, 1902, see Louis Pichouron,Mémoire d'un partisan breton Louis Pichouron Commandant Alain, Presses universitaires de Bretagne, 1970.
  8. ^ "LE BOZEC Arsène, Pierre, Marie".
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