Donatus of Fiesole (died 876) was an Irish teacher and poet, and Bishop of Fiesole.
Donatus of Fiesole | |
|---|---|
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| Bishop | |
| Born | Ireland |
| Died | 876 AD |
| Venerated in | Roman Catholic Church |
| Major shrine | Fiesole Cathedral |
| Feast | 22 October |
| Attributes | depicted in the garb of a bishop with an Irish wolfhound at his feet; also shown pointing out a church to his deacon Andrew the Scot |
Biography
editDonatus was born in Ireland to noble parents towards the end of the eighth century. Despite there being little biographical detail in the tenth/eleventh-century Vita sancti Donati episcopi, Donatus is one of the better documented of the Irish peregrini.[1]
There is reason to believe that he was educated in the monastic school of Inishcaltra, a little island in Lough Derg, near the Galway shore, now better known as Holy Island: so he was probably a native of that part of the country. He became a priest and in course of time a bishop: he was greatly distinguished as a professor.[2]
According to William Turner, writing in the Catholic Encyclopedia, in an ancient collection of the Vitae Patrum, of which an eleventh-century copy exists in the Laurentian Library of Florence, there is an account of the life of Donatus, which states that about 816 Donatus visited the tombs of the Apostles in Rome with his friend, Andrew Scotus. They remained in Rome for a considerable time and then set out once more, directing their steps now towards Tuscany, till at length they reached Fiesole,[3] where they entered the hospice of the monastery, intending to rest there for a week or two, and then to resume their journey.[2]
Bishop of Fiesole
editIn 829 Donatus was elected bishop of Fiesole. The traditional account relates that the people were praying to be sent a bishop to replace one drowned by the feudal lords.[4] When Donatus entered the Cathedral of Saint Romulus, the bells spontaneously began ringing and the candles lit. The people took that for a sign their prayers had been heard.[5] It is also possible that no locals wanted the position given the fate of its previous incumbent.[4]
Raised by popular acclaim to the See of Fiesole,[6] Donatus made Andrew his archdeacon. He encouraged Andrew to restore the church of San Martino di Mensola and to found a monastery there.[7]
Donatus founded a school in Florence under the patronage of Lothair, where he taught grammar and metrical composition for many years.[3] In 840, he led a contingent of troops against the Saracens. He was in Rome in 844 when Louis II was crowned King of Italy, and for his subsequent coronation as emperor in 850.[1] Also in 850, he gave the Church St. Brigid at Piacenza, to Columbanus' abbey at Bobbio,[8] provided that they establish there a hospice for Irish pilgrims. Piacenza was an important stop on the Via Francigena. He joined the king and the pope in judging a dispute between the bishops of Arezzo and Siena. He also attended the Roman synod of Pope Nicholas I on 18 November 861.[9]
The church of Fiesole had suffered much in its property and prerogatives from the emperors, and the Normans had destroyed its charters. Donatus applied for redress to the emperor Louis, who in 866 granted his request. A confirmation of this grant was obtained subsequently by Donatus from Charles the Bald at Placentia, with the condition annexed that anyone who infringed it should pay the church thirty pounds of gold.[5] Donatus served as a bishop, teacher, and public administrator for forty-seven years.
He was buried in the cathedral, where his epitaph, dictated by himself, may still be seen.[10] In it he alludes to his birth in Ireland, his years in the service of the princes of Italy (Lothair and Louis), his episcopate at Fiesole, and his activity as a teacher of grammar and poetry.[3]
Works
editDonatus did much to promote the cult of Brigid of Kildare and composed a metrical "Life of the St. Brigid". When it was printed by Colgan in 1647, the text was attributed to Coelan, an Irish monk of the eighth century, and only its foreword, which refers to previous Lives by Ultan and Aileran, was ascribed to the pen of Donatus.[11]
His Life of Saint Brigid is interspersed with short lyrical poems. The best known of these is the twelve-line poem in which he describes the beauty and fertility of his native land, and the prowess and piety of its inhabitants.
Like Columkille, Donatus always cherished a tender regretful love for Ireland; and like him also he wrote a short poem in praise of it which is still preserved. It is in Latin, and the following is a translation, made by a Dublin poet many years ago:
Far westward lies an isle of ancient fame, By nature bless'd; and Scotia is her name,
Enroll'd in books: exhaustless is her store, Of veiny silver, and of golden ore.
Her fruitful soil, for ever teems with wealth, With gems her waters, and her air with health;
Her verdant fields with milk and honey flow; Her woolly fleeces vie with virgin snow;
Her waving furrows float with bearded corn; And arms and arts her envied sons adorn!
No savage bear, with lawless fury roves, Nor fiercer lion, through her peaceful groves;
No poison there infects, no scaly snake Creeps through the grass, nor frog annoys the lake;
An island worthy of its pious race, In war triumphant, and unmatch'd in peace![2]
According to Donatus, St. Brigid visited his deathbed to give him spiritual strength and comfort. (A similar story is told of his archdeacon Andrew, whose sister Bridget, miraculously arrives from Ireland shortly before his death.) Donatus' story, preserved in manuscript in the Laurentian Library in Florence, recounts that Brigid flew to his deathbed, and before she touched him, she hung her cloak on a sunbeam to dry.[12]
Veneration
editHis feast day is 22 October.[8] The numerous locations and churches incorporating his name, San Donato, provide evidence of his influence and popularity throughout Tuscany.[10] His remains lie buried in an altar dedicated to him in the Cattedrale di San Romolo, (Duomo di Fiesole).[13]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b Breen, Aidan. "Donatus", Dictionary of Irish Biography, 2009
- ^ a b c Joyce, P.W., "St. Donatus, Bishop of Fiesole", The Wonders of Ireland, 1911
- ^ a b c Turner, William. "Donatus of Fiesole." The Catholic Encyclopedia Vol. 5. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1909. 27 September 2021
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ^ a b Staley, Tony (18 October 2012). "A chance election as bishop". The Compass - Catholic Diocese of Green Bay, Wisconsin. Archived from the original on 13 September 2017. Retrieved 13 September 2017.
- ^ a b Olden, Thomas (1885–1900). "Donatus". Dictionary of National Biography. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
- ^ "St Donatus", The British Museum
- ^ Cappelletti, p. 17. G.F.B. (1866). La parrocchia di S. Martino a Mensola cenni storici (in Italian). Firenze: Tipografia militare di T. Giuliani. pp. 13–15.
- ^ a b "The Saints: St. Donatus of Fiesole", Archdiocese of Denver Archived 12 May 2013 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ J. D. Mansi (ed.), Sacrorum Conciliorum nova et amplissima collectio, editio novissima, Tomus XV (Venice: A. Zatta 1770), p. 604.
- ^ a b Benigni, Umberto. "Fiesole." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 6. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1909. 21 May 2013
- ^ Grattan-Flood, William. "St. Brigid of Ireland." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 2. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1907. 21 May 2013
- ^ Moore, Christina Palamadessi. "Brigidini: Cookie of Possibility", Italian Americana Spring 2011
- ^ Degl'Innocenti, Antonella. "Donato di Fiesole, santo." Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani Volume 41 (1992)
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Stephen, Leslie, ed. (1888). "Donatus". Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 15. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
Bibliography
edit- Benjamin Bossue, "De S. Donato episc. et confes., Fesulis in Tuscia," Acta Sanctorum Octobris, Tomus Nonus. Bruxelles: Alphonsus Greuse 1858, pp. 648–662. (in Latin)
- Lanigan, John (1822). An Ecclesiastical History of Ireland: From the First Introduction of Christianity Among the Irish to the Beginning of the Thirteenth Century. Vol. III. Dublin: Graisberry. pp. 280–285.
External links
edit- "Saint of the Day - October 22": "Donatus (Donagh) of Fiesole B (RM)" Archived 8 January 2020 at the Wayback Machine from Saint Patrick Catholic Church
- (in Italian) San Donato di Fiesole
- Donatus of Fiesole, The Land Called Scotia, translated from the Latin by Thomas Kinsella