St. George's Monastery, Al-Khader
The Monastery and Church of Saint George in Al-Khader (Arabic: دير وكنيسة القديس جاورجيوس)[1] is an Eastern Orthodox Christian religious site in the Palestinian town of al-Khader, near Beit Jala and Bethlehem, in the central West Bank of the State of Palestine. The town of Al-Khader is named after Saint George, who in Arab culture is known as "al-Khadr"; the church is considered to be the most important sanctuary to al-Khadr in Palestine.[2]
| Church of Saint George in Al-Khader | |
|---|---|
دير وكنيسة القديس جاورجيوس | |
 Church of St George in Al-Khader | |
| Religion | |
| Affiliation | Eastern Christian monasticism |
| Location | |
| Location | al-Khader, West Bank, Palestine |
| Country |  State of Palestine |
| Palestine grid | 1654/1235 |
| Geographic coordinates | 31°42′13″N 35°09′41″E / 31.70361°N 35.16139°E |
According to local tradition, Saint George was imprisoned in the town of al-Khader, where the current church stands. The chains holding him were relics that were said to hold healing power.[3]
History
editCrusader/Ayyubid and Mamluk periods
editIn the thirteenth century, an anonymous Greek text noted: ‘After Bait Jala, there is to be seen the church of the Great George; and in it is kept the chain that was laid on his back’.[4]
Around 1421/1422 the Church of St. George was mentioned by Western traveler John Poloner as situated on a hill near Bethlehem.[5][6] In 1480 Felix Fabri noted: "At the side of this church there was once a great and fair monastery of Greek monks, but now it has been laid in ruins, and their remains only a little hovel, leaning against the church, wherein two Greek monks dwell."[7]
Ottoman period
editAround 1740, Richard Pococke still noted it as a Greek convent,[8] but in 1838, when Edward Robinson passed, the former church had become a mosque.[9][10]
In 1863, Victor Guérin noted "As for the convent or Deir el-Khadher, it is not very considerable and does not seem so old. It is administered by a single religious Greek, assisted by two brothers and a few servants. A small number of narrow cells are reserved for foreigners. A solid, iron-clad door gives access to the interior of the cloister."[11]
During the late 19th century, part of the convent were used for the mentally ill.[12][13]
The modern church was built in 1912 but the remains of the chapel date back to the 16th century. The edifice has an Eastern Orthodox interior, and the dome contains a portrait of Christ Pantocrator.[14]
Modern era
editSince the priest in al-Khader was the only Christian inhabitant of the town, Saint George's Monastery attracted al-Khader's Muslims. During the Feast of Saint George in early June, the bridle of Saint George's horse would pass over the bodies of visitors to prevent or cure any mental illness, for which Saint George was renowned.[15]
Gallery
edit
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "St. George Monastery". enjoybethlehem.com. Retrieved 2022-04-02.
- ^ Procházka-Eisl, Gisela, and Stephan Procházka. “Muslim Sanctuaries in and around Jerusalem Revisited.” Wiener Zeitschrift Für Die Kunde Des Morgenlandes, vol. 95, 2005, pp. 163–94. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/23862773. "'Abd al-Gham an-Nabulusi passed it in 1690 and called it Maqam al-Khadir Abi l-'Abbäs. All earlier descriptions agreed that this is the most important al Khadir-sanctuary in the whole of Palestine. It is most famous for curing madness and possession by evil spirits."
- ^ Sennott, Charles M. (2001). The Body and the Blood: The Holy Land's Christians at the Turn of a New Millennium: A Reporter's Journey. PublicAffairs. p. 397. ISBN 1-891620-95-9. Retrieved 8 April 2018.[dead link].
- ^ Pringle, 1993, p. 296
- ^ Poloner, 1894, p. 18
- ^ Conder and Kitchener, 1883, SWP III, p. 26
- ^ Fabri, 1893, p. 203
- ^ Pococke, 1745, p. 44
- ^ Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol. 1, p. 321
- ^ Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol. 2, pp. 324-5
- ^ Guérin, 1869, pp. 310-312
- ^ Socin, 1879, p. 149
- ^ Baldensperger, 1906, pp. 196-197
- ^ El-Khader - Bethlehem Archived 2011-07-24 at the Wayback Machine This Week in Palestine
- ^ St. George's Monastery[permanent dead link] Centre for the Preservation of Culture and History.
Bibliography
edit- Baldensperger, Philip J. (1906). "The immovable east". Quarterly Statement - Palestine Exploration Fund. 38: 102 190.
- Conder, C.R.; Kitchener, H. H. (1883). The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology. Vol. 3. London: Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.
- Fabri, F. (1893). Felix Fabri (circa 1480–1483 A.D.) vol II, part I. Palestine Pilgrims' Text Society.
- Guérin, V. (1869). Description Géographique Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine (in French). Vol. 1: Judee, pt. 3. Paris: L'Imprimerie Nationale.
- Pococke, R. (1745). A description of the East, and some other countries. Vol. 2. London: Printed for the author, by W. Bowyer.
- Poloner, John (1894). John Poloner's description of the Holy Land (ca. A.D. 1421). Palestine Pilgrims' Text Society.
- Pringle, D. (1993). The Churches of the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem: A-K (excluding Acre and Jerusalem). Vol. I. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-39036-2.
- Robinson, E.; Smith, E. (1841). Biblical Researches in Palestine, Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea: A Journal of Travels in the year 1838. Vol. 1. Boston: Crocker & Brewster.
- Robinson, E.; Smith, E. (1841). Biblical Researches in Palestine, Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea: A Journal of Travels in the year 1838. Vol. 2. Boston: Crocker & Brewster.
- Socin, A. (1879). "Alphabetisches Verzeichniss von Ortschaften des Paschalik Jerusalem". Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins. 2: 135–163.
External links
edit- Survey of Western Palestine, Map 17: IAA, Wikimedia commons
