Adrian of Nicomedia (also known as Hadrian) or Saint Adrian (Greek: Ἁδριανὸς Νικομηδείας, romanized: Adrianos Nikomēdeias, died 4 March 306)[2] was a Herculian Guard of the Roman Emperor Galerius Maximian. After becoming a convert to Christianity with his wife Natalia (Ναταλία), Adrian was martyred at Nicomedia in Asia-Minor (Turkey).[2] Adrian was the chief military saint of Northern Europe for many ages, second only to Saint George, and is much revered in Flanders, Germany and the north of France.
Adrian and Natalia of Nicomedia | |
|---|---|
 Saint Adrian and his wife, Saint Natalia | |
| Martyrs | |
| Died | 4 March 306 Nicomedia[1] (modern-day İzmit, Turkey) |
| Venerated in | Roman Catholic Church Coptic Orthodox Church Eastern Orthodox Church |
| Major shrine | Argyropolis (Thrace) near Constantinople; Geraardsbergen, Belgium; Church of Sant'Adriano al Foro, Rome[2] |
| Feast | 8 September 1 December[3] |
| Attributes | depicted armed, with an anvil in his hands or at his feet |
| Patronage | plague, epilepsy, arms dealers, butchers, guards, soldiers, peacekeeping missions |
Martyrdom
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Adrian and Natalia lived in Nicomedia during the time of Emperor Maximian in the early fourth century.[4] The twenty-eight-year-old Adrian was head of the praetorium.
It is said that while presiding over the torture of a band of Christians, he asked them what reward they expected to receive from God. They replied, "Eye hath not seen, nor ear heard, neither has entered into the heart of man, the things which God hath prepared for them that love him."[5] He was so amazed at their courage that he publicly confessed his faith, though he had not yet been baptized. He was then immediately imprisoned. He was forbidden visitors, but accounts state that his wife Natalia came to visit him, dressed as a boy, to ask for his prayers when he entered Heaven.[6]
After his execution, the executioners wanted to burn the bodies of the dead, but a storm arose and quenched the fire.[7] Natalia recovered one of Adrian's hands.
Historicity
editThe accuracy of the recorded story has been questioned. A second Hadrian is said to have been a son of the Emperor Probus, and, having embraced Christianity, to have been put to death (A.D. 320), at Nicomedia in Asia Minor, by Emperor Licinius. But no reliable information concerning him is extant. He is commemorated on August 26.[8]
Feast day and patronage
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In the Eastern Orthodox Church, Saint Adrian shares a feast day with his wife on 26 August in the Church Calendar, which for the majority of Orthodox Christians remains on the Julian Calendar, is on 8 September in the Gregorian and global civil calendars; he also has feast days alone on 4 March. In the Roman Catholic Church, he is venerated alone, without his wife, on September 8.[9] The Coptic Orthodox Church likewise venerates St. Adrian and his companions on the third day of the Coptic month known as Nesi (corresponding to September 8), mentioning his wife's role during the Synaxarion reading of that day.
Saint Hadrian was the chief military saint of Northern Europe for many ages, second only to Saint George, and is much revered in Flanders, Germany and the north of France. He is usually represented armed, with an anvil in his hands or at his feet.[citation needed]
Sant'Adriano al Foro, a church in the Roman Forum (founded AD 630), was named in his honour. The name was later transferred to Santa Maria della Mercede e Sant'Adriano a Villa Albani (1958) when the old church was demolished.[10]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Jones, Terry. "Adrian of Nicomedia". Patron Saints Index. Archived from the original on 1 January 2008. Retrieved 2007-12-29.
- ^ a b c Kirsch, J.P. (1910). "Hadrian". The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 7. Robert Appleton Company. Retrieved 2007-12-29.
- ^ Holweck, F. G. (1924). A Biographical Dictionary of the Saints. St. Louis: B. Herder Book Co.
- ^ "St. Natalia, Martyr", Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese
- ^ 1 Corinthians 2:9
- ^ "St. Adrian". Catholic Online Saints & Angels. Archived from the original on 3 March 2008. Retrieved 2008-03-04.
- ^ "Martyr Adrian of Nicomedia", Orthodox Church in America
- ^ Monks of Ramsgate. “Hadrian”. Book of Saints, 1921. CatholicSaints.Info. 22 May 2017
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ^ Martyrologium Romanum (Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 2001 ISBN 88-209-7210-7)
- ^ "Storia - Parrocchia Santa Maria della Mercede".
Further reading
edit- Attwater, Donald and Catherine Rachel John (1993). The Penguin Dictionary of Saints (3rd ed.). New York: Penguin Books. ISBN 0-14-051312-4.
- Greene, E. A. (1908). "S. Adrian". Saints and Their Symbols: A Companion in the Churches and Picture Galleries of Europe. p. 32. OCLC 16907745.