The Sambalic languages are a part of the Central Luzon language family spoken by the Sambals, an ethnolinguistic group on the western coastal areas of Central Luzon and the Zambales mountain ranges.
| Sambalic | |
|---|---|
| Ethnicity | Sambal |
| Geographic distribution | Zambales, Bolinao, Anda, Infanta, Olongapo |
| Linguistic classification | Austronesian |
| Proto-language | Proto-Sambalic |
| Subdivisions | |
| Language codes | |
| Glottolog | samb1319 |
Demographics
editThe largest Sambalic languages are Sambal, Bolinao, and Botolan with approximately 200,000, 105,000 and 72,000 speakers, respectively, based on the 2007 population statistics from the National Statistical Coordination Board (NSCB).[1] These figures are the combined population of the municipalities where the language is spoken.
For the Sambali or Sambal ethnolinguistic subgrouping, the estimated number of speakers is based on the total population of Santa Cruz, Candelaria, Masinloc, Palauig, and Iba municipalities of Zambales. For the Sambal Bolinao subgrouping, a projected number of speakers is taken from the combined populations of Anda and Bolinao municipalities of Pangasinan. The Sambal Botolan subgroup, on the other hand, takes the aggregated population of Botolan and Cabangan municipalities. The rest are smaller languages spoken almost exclusively within various Aeta communities. In total, there are approximately 390,000 speakers of Sambalic languages. Speakers can also be found in other towns of Zambales not mentioned above: Olongapo City, Bataan, Tarlac, and Metro Manila.
An estimated 6000 speakers can also be found in Panitian, Quezon, Palawan and Puerto Princesa City. The language is also spoken by many Filipino immigrants in the U.S. and Canada. In Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada, for instance, the language is spoken by a clan of Zambals. In Casino Nova Scotia in the Maritimes city of Halifax, a group of Sambals can be found running the card games. Community organizations of Sambal-speaking Filipino-Americans are found in San Diego and San Francisco, California as well as in Hawaii.[citation needed]
Internal classification
editRoger Stone (2008) classifies the Sambalic languages as follows.[2]
Ayta Magbukun was not included in Stone's (2008) classification.
External relationships
editThe Sambalic languages are most closely related to Kapampangan and to an archaic form of Tagalog still spoken in Tanay in the province of Rizal. This has been interpreted to mean that Sambal-speakers had once inhabited that area, later being displaced by migrating Tagalog-speakers, pushing the original inhabitants northward to what is now the province of Zambales,[3] in turn, displacing the Aetas. In Zambales, Sambal speakers were almost displaced by Tagalog settlers once again who migrated along with Ilocano settlers to repopulate the less-populated Zambales valley, leading to the assimilation of Sambals to the Tagalog and Ilocano settlers and to the modern decline of Sambal cultural identity & language.[4][5][6] There is also a possible relationship between these Sambalic language speakers and the population of the island provinces of Marinduque and Romblon based on commonalities in some traditions and practices.
Speakers
editSambal (Spanish: Zambal) is the common collective name for all Sambalic-language speakers. It is also the term referring to the Sambalic language subgrouping in northern municipalities of Zambales, which comprises the majority of Sambals or more than 50 percent (200,000) of all Sambalic languages speakers (390,000). Sambal may also refer to the inhabitants of Zambales as a whole and the residents of Bolinao and Anda in Pangasinan.
Sample text
editBelow are translations in Bolinao, Botolan, and Sambal of the Philippine national proverb[7] "He/She who does not acknowledge his/her beginnings will not reach his/her destination", along with the original in Tagalog.
| Language | Translation |
|---|---|
| Tagalog | Ang hindi marunong lumingon sa pinanggalingan ay hindi makararating sa paroroonan. |
| English | He (She) who does not know how to look back at his (her) origin will not arrive at his destination. |
| Bolinao | Si [tawon] kai magtanda’ lumingap sa ibwatan [na], kai ya mirate’ sa keen [na]. |
| Botolan | Hay ahe nin nanlek ha pinag-ibatan, ay ahe makarateng ha lalakwen. |
| Sambal | Hiyay kay tanda mamanomtom ha pinag'ibatan, kay 'ya maka'lato ha ampako'tawan. |
See also
editReferences
editCitations
edit- ^ "PSGC Interactive, Zambales". National Statistical Coordination Board. Archived from the original on 2011-06-04. Retrieved 2011-05-11.
- ^ Stone 2008
- ^ "Sambal". National Commission for Culture and the Arts. Archived from the original on 2008-01-21.
- ^ Reed, William Allan (1904). Negritos of Zambales. Bureau of Public Printing, U.S. Government Printing Office. pp. 24–29.
- ^ "Tantingco: The Kapampangan in Us". Archived from the original on 2024-01-23. Retrieved 2024-01-23.
- ^ Zambales Province, Home Province of Subic Bay and Mt. Pinatubo
- ^ "National Philippine Proverb in Various Philippine Languages". Carl Rubino's homepage.
Bibliography
edit- Stone, Roger (2008). "The Sambalic Languages of Central Luzon". Studies in Philippine Languages and Cultures. 19: 158–183.