San Javier (San Francisco Xavier de los Piñocas or San Xavier) is the seat of San Javier Municipality in Ñuflo de Chávez Province, Santa Cruz Department, Bolivia. The mission of San Javier is known as part of the Jesuit Missions of the Chiquitos, declared in 1990 a World Heritage Site,[1] as a former Jesuit Reduction.
San Javier | |
|---|---|
 Mission church of San Javier | |
  San Javier | |
| Coordinates: 16°16′29″S 62°30′26″W / 16.2748°S 62.5072°W | |
| Country |  Bolivia |
| Department |  Santa Cruz Department |
| Province | Ñuflo de Chávez Province |
| Municipality | San Javier Municipality |
| Population (2001) | |
• Total | 6,048 |
| Time zone | UTC-4 (BOT) |
History
editIn 1691, the mission of San Francisco Xavier was founded by Jesuit missionary José de Arce. The mission hosted the Piñoca Indians. In 1696, due to the incursion of Paulistas from Brazil, the mission was relocated to the San Miguel River. It was relocated again in 1698, this time closer to Santa Cruz, due to another Paulista incursion. In 1708, Spanish from Santa Cruz captured many Indians, and the mission had to be relocated away from Santa Cruz.[2][3]
Languages
editThe Piñoco dialect of Chiquitano, now extinct, was spoken in San Javier.[4]
Today, Camba Spanish, which has many words from Piñoco, is spoken in San Javier.[5]
Climate
edit| Climate data for San Javier, Ñuflo de Chávez, elevation 538 m (1,765 ft) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 29.3 (84.7) |
28.9 (84.0) |
29.1 (84.4) |
28.2 (82.8) |
26.2 (79.2) |
25.6 (78.1) |
26.2 (79.2) |
28.5 (83.3) |
29.6 (85.3) |
30.6 (87.1) |
29.9 (85.8) |
29.3 (84.7) |
28.5 (83.2) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 24.9 (76.8) |
24.5 (76.1) |
24.5 (76.1) |
23.5 (74.3) |
21.4 (70.5) |
20.5 (68.9) |
20.2 (68.4) |
22.2 (72.0) |
23.5 (74.3) |
25.1 (77.2) |
25.0 (77.0) |
24.9 (76.8) |
23.3 (74.0) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 20.6 (69.1) |
20.1 (68.2) |
19.8 (67.6) |
18.7 (65.7) |
16.7 (62.1) |
15.3 (59.5) |
14.3 (57.7) |
15.6 (60.1) |
17.4 (63.3) |
19.6 (67.3) |
20.1 (68.2) |
20.5 (68.9) |
18.2 (64.8) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 193.6 (7.62) |
169.2 (6.66) |
148.0 (5.83) |
91.0 (3.58) |
69.7 (2.74) |
45.1 (1.78) |
26.5 (1.04) |
34.7 (1.37) |
60.8 (2.39) |
90.2 (3.55) |
132.4 (5.21) |
164.9 (6.49) |
1,226.1 (48.26) |
| Average precipitation days | 12.7 | 11.5 | 10.4 | 6.6 | 5.7 | 3.6 | 2.5 | 2.6 | 3.8 | 5.9 | 8.3 | 11.0 | 84.6 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 82.2 | 82.8 | 82.2 | 80.9 | 80.4 | 78.4 | 71.1 | 65.6 | 65.2 | 70.5 | 76.2 | 81.5 | 76.4 |
| Source: Servicio Nacional de Meteorología e Hidrología de Bolivia[6][7] | |||||||||||||
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ World Heritage Site: Jesuit Missions of the Chiquitos
- ^ Lasso Varela, Isidro José (2008-06-26). "Influencias del cristianismo entre los Chiquitanos desde la llegada de los Españoles hasta la expulsión de los Jesuitas" (in Spanish). Departamento de Historia Moderna, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia UNED. Retrieved 2009-02-03.
- ^ Groesbeck, Geoffrey A. P. (2008). "A Brief History of the Jesuit Missions of Chiquitos (eastern Bolivia)". Colonialvoyage. Archived from the original on 2009-01-06. Retrieved 2009-01-16.
- ^ Nikulin, Andrey (2020). Proto-Macro-Jê: um estudo reconstrutivo (PDF) (Ph.D. dissertation). Brasília: Universidade de Brasília.
- ^ Nikulin, Andrey (2020). "Contacto de lenguas en la Chiquitanía". Revista Brasileira de Línguas Indígenas. 2 (2): 5–30. doi:10.18468/rbli.2019v2n2.p05-30. S2CID 225674786.
- ^ "Base de datos Sistema Meteorológico–SISMET" (in Spanish). Servicio Nacional de Meteorología e Hidrología de Bolivia. Archived from the original on 7 June 2018. Retrieved 15 June 2024.
- ^ "índices climáticos para 149 estaciones meteorológicas en Bolivia" (in Spanish). Servicio Nacional de Meteorología e Hidrología de Bolivia. Retrieved 15 June 2024.
External links
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