Ochodaeidae, also known as the sand-loving scarab beetles,[2] is a small family of scarabaeiform beetles occurring in many parts of the world.[3]
| Ochodaeidae | |
|---|---|
| |
| Codocera ferruginea | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Suborder: | Polyphaga |
| Infraorder: | Scarabaeiformia |
| Superfamily: | Scarabaeoidea |
| Family: | Ochodaeidae Mulsant & Rey, 1871[1] |
| Genera | |
|
Chaetocanthus Péringuey, 1901 | |
These beetles are small, ranging from 3–10 millimetres (0.12–0.39 in). Their bodies are elongate and convex, with black and brown colors including yellowish- and reddish-brown shades.[3]
As of 2012, the biology and habits of Ochodaeidae beetles is still mostly unknown. Most types have been collected in sandy areas at night, while some of their species are active during the day.[3]
Taxonomy
editOchodaeidae beetles belong to the infraorder Scarabaeiformia, which contains only one superfamily, the Scarabaeoidea.[4] The most striking feature of the Scarabaeoidea are the ends of their antennae, that are divided into several lamellae, thus resembling a fan. Another distinguishing feature are their legs, that possess teeth and are adapted for digging.[5]
Ochodaeidae is divided into two subfamilies containing five tribes and 15 genera:[6][7]
- Subfamily Ochodaeinae Mulsant & Rey, 1871
- Tribe Enodognathini Scholtz, 1988
- Enodognathus Benderitter, 1921
- Odontochodaeus Paulian, 1976
- Tribe Ochodaeini Mulsant & Rey, 1871
- Codocera Eschscholtz, 1818
- Cucochodaeus Paulsen, 2007
- Neochodaeus Nikolayev, 1995
- Notochodaeus Nikolajev, 2005
- Ochodaeus Dejean, 1821
- Parochodaeus Nikolayev, 1995
- Xenochodaeus Paulsen, 2007
- Subfamily Chaetocanthinae Scholtz in Scholtz, D'Hotman, Evans & Nel, 1988
- Tribe Chaetocanthini Scholtz in Scholtz, D'Hotman, Evans & Nel, 1988
- Chaetocanthus Péringuey, 1901
- Mioochodaeus Nikolajev, 1995
- Namibiotalpa Scholtz & Evans, 1987
- Tribe Pseudochodaeini Scholtz, 1988
- Pseudochodaeus Carlson & Richter, 1974
- Tribe Synochodaeini Scholtz, 1988
- Synochodaeus Kolbe, 1907
- Gauchodaeus Paulsen, 2012[7]
References
edit- ^ Bouchard, Patrice; Bousquet, Yves; Davies, Anthony E.; Alonso-Zarazaga, Miguel A.; Lawrence, John F.; Lyal, Chris H. C.; Newton, Alfred F.; Reid, Chris A. M.; Schmitt, Michael; Ślipiński, S. Adam; Smith, Andrew B. T. (2011). "Family-group names in Coleoptera (Insecta)". ZooKeys (88): 1–972. Bibcode:2011ZooK...88....1B. doi:10.3897/zookeys.88.807. PMC 3088472. PMID 21594053.
- ^ Zicha, Ondřej (2014). Ondřej Zicha; Jaroslav Hrb; Michal Maňas; et al. (eds.). "Family sand-loving scarab beetles Ochodaeidae Mulsant & Rey, 1871. Taxon profile". BioLib. Archived from the original on 26 August 2015. Retrieved 26 August 2015.
- ^ a b c Carlson, D.C.; Paulsen, M.J. (2012). University of Nebraska State Museum - Division of Entomology (ed.). "Ochodaeidae Mulsant & Rey, 1871 - Ochodaeid scarab beetles". Generic guide to New World Scarab Beetles. Archived from the original on 26 September 2013. Retrieved 26 August 2015.
- ^ Zicha, Ondřej (2006). Ondřej Zicha; Jaroslav Hrb; Michal Maňas; et al. (eds.). "Superfamily Scarabaeoidea. Taxon profile". BioLib. Archived from the original on 14 March 2007. Retrieved 27 August 2015.
- ^ Browne, D. Jonathan; Scholtz, Clarke H. (1995). "Scarabaeiformia. Scarabaeoidea. Scarabs, stag beetles, dung beetles, rain beetles, etc". Tree of Life Project. Archived from the original on 21 September 2013. Retrieved 27 August 2015.
- ^ Ondřej Zicha; Jaroslav Hrb; Michal Maňas; et al. (eds.). "BioLib". Archived from the original on 26 August 2015. Retrieved 27 August 2015.
- ^ a b Paulsen, M.J.; Ocampo, F.C. (2012). "The Ochodaeidae of Argentina (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea)". ZooKeys (174). Sofia: Pensoft: 7–30. Bibcode:2012ZooK..174....7P. doi:10.3897/zookeys.174.2668. ISSN 1313-2970. PMC 3307351. PMID 22451781. Retrieved 27 August 2015.
Literature about Ochodaeidae
edit- Smith, A.B.T. 2006: A review of the family-group names for the superfamily Scarabaeoidea (Coleoptera) with corrections to nomenclature and a current classification. Coleopterists Society monograph, 5: 144–204.; doi:10.1649/0010-065X(2006)60[144:AROTFN2.0.CO;2] / PDF on the web site of the Zoological Institute of St. Petersburg: PDF
- Bezděk, A.; Hájek, J. 2009: Catalogue of type specimens of beetles (Coleoptera) deposited in the National Museum, Prague, Czech Republic. Scarabaeoidea: Bolboceratidae, Geotrupidae, Glaphyridae, Hybosoridae, Ochodaeidae and Trogidae. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae, 49: 297–332. PDF[permanent dead link]
- Nikolajev, G.V. 2009: Ochodaeidae species of the Palaearctic's Asia. Euroasian entomological journal, 8(2): 205–211. [not seen]
- Nikolajev, G.V.; Ren, D. 2010: The oldest fossil Ochodaeidae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea) from the Middle Jurassic of China. Zootaxa, 2553: 65–68. Preview
- Scholtz, C.H. 1988: Phylogeny and systematics of the Ochodaeidae (Insecta: Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea). Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa, 51: 207–240. ISSN 0013-8789
- I. Lobl, & A. Smetana 2006: Catalogue of Palearctic Coleoptera. Vol. 3, Apollo Books, Stenstrup, Denmark, ISBN 87-88757-59-5, p. 95