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2014 Isla Vista killings

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This article is about the 2014 killing spree. For the 2001 vehicular assault, see 2001 Isla Vista killings.

The 2014 Isla Vista killings were two misogynistic terror attacks in Isla Vista, California. On the evening of Friday, May 23, 22-year-old Elliot Rodger killed six people and injured fourteen others by gunshot, stabbing and vehicle ramming near the campus of the University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB), before fatally shooting himself.

2014 Isla Vista killings
Memorial held for the victims on May 24, 2014
Isla Vista is located in southern California
Isla Vista
Isla Vista
Isla Vista (southern California)
Isla Vista is located in the United States
Isla Vista
Isla Vista
Isla Vista (the United States)
LocationIsla Vista, California, U.S.
Coordinates34°24′43″N 119°51′32″W / 34.412°N 119.859°W / 34.412; -119.859
DateMay 23, 2014; 10 years ago (2014-05-23)
9:27 – 9:35 p.m. (UTC−8:00)
TargetStudents of the University of California, Santa Barbara, roommates
Attack type
Weapons
Deaths7 (3 by stabbing; 4 by gunfire, including the perpetrator)
Injured14 (7 by gunfire, 7 struck by motor vehicle)
PerpetratorElliot Rodger
MotiveMisogynist terrorism, revenge for sexual and social rejection, incel ideology

Rodger stabbed his two roommates and their friend to death in his apartment, ambushing and killing them separately as they arrived. About two hours later, he drove to a sorority house and, after failing to get inside, shot three women outside, two of whom died. He next drove past a nearby deli and shot and killed a man who was inside. He then drove around Isla Vista, shooting and wounding several pedestrians from his car and striking others with his car. He exchanged gunfire with police twice and was injured in the hip. After his car crashed into a parked vehicle, he was found dead inside with a self-inflicted gunshot wound to the head.

Before driving to the sorority house, Rodger uploaded a video to YouTube titled "Elliot Rodger's Retribution", in which he outlined his planned attack and his motives. He explained that he wanted to punish women for rejecting him, and sexually active men because he envied them. He also emailed a lengthy autobiographical manuscript to friends, his therapist, and family members; the document appeared on the Internet and became widely known as his manifesto. In it, he described his childhood, family conflicts, frustration over his inability to find a girlfriend, his hatred of women, his contempt for couples, and his plans for what he described as "retribution".

Attacks

 
A map showing the order and locations of Rodger's attacks

Apartment stabbings

22-year-old Elliot Rodger, carrying a 6-inch (150 mm) "SRK" knife and a 9-inch (230 mm) hunting knife, ambushed his roommate 20-year-old Weihan "David" Wang upon his return to the apartment. Wang tried to defend himself but was stabbed fifteen times, suffering twenty-three slashes.[1][2][3] Rodger then moved Wang's body to the corner of a bedroom and threw it face-down on the floor, and partially covering it with blankets, towels, and clothing.[1][2][3] Soon after, Rodger's other roommate 20-year-old Cheng Yuan "James" Hong entered the apartment, and was immediately attacked by Rodger. Despite his attempts to defend himself, Hong was overwhelmed, receiving twenty-five stab wounds and twelve slashes.[2][3][4] Five of the stab wounds were inflicted on Hong's back after he died.[2][5] Rodger dragged Hong's body to the same bedroom, throwing it face down and half-on-top of Wang's body. He also concealed Hong's body with blankets and clothing.[1][2][3]

19-year-old George Chen was a friend of Hong and Wang who arrived at the apartment to visit them.[6][7][8] Upon entering, Rodger ambushed Chen, inflicting ninety-four stab wounds and eleven slashes as Chen attempted to defend himself.[9][10][11] Rodger left Chen's bleeding body in a bathroom. He attempted to clean the apartment and hide evidence of the earlier stabbings as each victim entered. He tried using bathroom towels and paper towels, but they quickly became soaked in blood. Despite his efforts, blood remained splattered on the hallways and walls.[1][2][3][12]

 
Rodger visiting a Starbucks hours before his shooting rampage

After failing to clean the blood, Rodger changed out of his blood-drenched clothes and entangled them with his bed sheets. He showered, put on new clothes, and went to a Starbucks around 7:38 p.m.[13][14][15] He purchased a triple-vanilla latte while texting his mother saying he was done with school and would call her later.[13][16][17] He returned to his apartment and wrote in his diary:

I had to tear some pages out because I feared my intentions would be discovered. I taped them back together as fast as I could. This is it. In one hour I will have my revenge on this cruel world. I HATE YOU ALLLL! DIE.[13][18]

Rodger emailed his 137-page manifesto to 34 people, including his parents, therapists, former teachers, and childhood friends with the message:[19][20][21] "Attached is Elliot Rodger's life story, which explains how I came to be the way I am".[13]

Minutes before his planned attack on Alpha Phi, Rodger uploaded a seven-minute video called "Elliot Rodger's Retribution" to YouTube.[27] Rodger recorded two takes of his "Retribution" video in his car, the first attempt at which was interrupted by a passing jogger.[13] In the second take he uploaded, Rodger is seen sitting in his car during a sunset, reciting scripted lines and emitting fake laughter.[32] In the video, Rodger said he was frustrated he was still a virgin at 22, that he would "punish" women for rejecting him despite being an "alpha male" and "Supreme Gentleman", and expressed his hatred for sexually active men.[38]

Shooting and vehicle attack

At around 9:15 p.m., Rodger arrived at the Alpha Phi sorority house with the three semi-automatic pistols, additional ammunition strapped to his waist, and a full gas can.[13] The sorority house had a heavy, wooden, double door with an electronic keypad.[39][40] Rodger tried to open the door, pulling on the handle before typing on the keypad numerous times. He then aggressively knocked on the door for over three minutes. Approximately 40 residents of the sorority house were on a trip to Las Vegas while those remaining felt too tired to answer the door.[44] Rodger became frustrated at the unanswered door and set down the gas can.[13] Rodger returned to his car and, around 9:27 p.m., noticed three women walking near the Alpha Phi sorority house: 19-year-old Veronika Weiss, 22-year-old Katherine Cooper, and an unnamed 20-year-old woman, all of whom were members of the sorority Delta Delta Delta.[49] As the women were walking back to their Delta Delta Delta sorority house, Rodger slowly approached them in his car and fired multiple shots at them through an open window.[54] As Rodger sped away, the 20-year-old woman managed to call her mother, repeatedly crying she was going to die.[55][56][57]

People heard screaming and saw the three women bleeding on the grass, and they rushed to a sheriff's deputy for help. The deputy quickly arrived and applied pressure to the 20-year-old woman's wounds. One person began administering CPR to Cooper, and another tried to comfort Weiss by holding her head and speaking to her. More bystanders arrived, and the deputy told them to check if the women had a pulse and to start chest compressions. Additional sheriff's deputies arrived and started helping, while another bystander used a sweatshirt to apply pressure to one of Cooper's gunshot wounds. Despite their efforts, Cooper and Weiss died from their injuries.[61] Weiss was shot six times between her legs, the fatal shot passing through her heart and both lungs. Cooper was shot eight times and suffering multiple fatal injuries, including gunshots to her lungs and the side of her head.[47][62] A bystander then took over the aid of the 20-year-old woman while deputies chased down Rodger. The bystanders told the 20-year-old woman's mother on her phone her daughter would survive.[1][3][16]

 
CCTV image of people in the IV Deli Mart running for cover as Rodger fired into it

After driving away from the sorority house, Rodger executed a three-point turn in a driveway along Pardall Road and discharged a shot toward a closed coffee shop.[16] He proceeded to a store called IV Deli Mart, where he fired a barrage at individuals nearby.[68] 20-year-old Christopher Michaels-Martinez, who was at the deli's entrance, turned around to look at Rodger's car when he was shot in the chest, resulting in injuries to his liver and the right ventricle of his heart.[74] Michaels-Martinez entered the store but fell to the ground. People inside took cover as Rodger continued to fire shots into the store, shattering windows.[78] Rodger then drove away. Despite CPR attempts from five bystanders and a sheriff’s deputy, Michaels-Martinez died.[82]

Rodger continued driving, struck a man with his vehicle, and knocked him into the air.[16][83] While driving on Trigo Road, Rodger arrived at a pizza restaurant and opened fire on a couple exiting the restaurant.[62] The man was shot in the left arm and the woman was shot in her upper-right forearm.[3] The man ran in the opposite direction while the woman ran back into the restaurant. Rodger fired shots into the restaurant before speeding away.[84][85] Driving on the wrong side of the road in Embarcadero del Norte, Rodger shot a female cyclist in the right thigh.[3][62][83] He then encountered a woman walking alone. Rodger called out: "Hey, what up?", making the woman acknowledge him as she continued walking.[90] He raised a gun from his car window, leading the woman to initially believe it was an airsoft gun. Rodger then shot at her numerous times, narrowly missing her head, prompting her to run away and scream for help.[95]

Rodger then drove to Del Playa Drive, where he saw a sheriff's deputy and fired shots. As he sped away, the deputy returned fire, discharging a single round.[96][97][98] Rodger then struck two men with his car and drove to Camino Del Sur, where he shot a man in the right forearm and right buttocks. Rodger proceeded to Sabado Tarde, hitting a male cyclist and two male skateboarders. He encountered two men in a driveway and shot them several times.[3][62][98] Near Little Acorn Park, Rodger saw four sheriff's deputies and engaged in a shootout with three of them, and sustained a gunshot wound to the hip.[99][100][101] At around 9:37 p.m., Rodger turned onto several streets, putting the gun at his head and pulling the trigger,[13] causing his car to veer and hit a cyclist, who tumbled on the vehicle and damaged the car's windshield. Rodger's car eventually crashed into another parked vehicle.[39] As police officers surrounded Rodger's car, they mistakenly handcuffed the injured cyclist, initially suspecting him to be a potential second assailant. Realizing their error, they gave him medical attention, acknowledging him as a victim.[102][103][104] Upon searching Rodger's vehicle, police discovered his body and found a self-inflicted gunshot wound to Rodger's head.[108]

Inside Rodger's car, police found a Glock 34 Long Slide handgun with seven loaded, ten-round magazines; two SIG Sauer P226 handguns with 34 loaded, ten-round magazines; over 500 rounds of live ammunition; and the two knives he used to kill his two roommates and their friend. The shootings lasted eight minutes, during which Rodger discharged approximately 55 9mm rounds.[112] During the shootings, Rodger used only one Sig Sauer P226 pistol, which was discovered on the driver's seat of his car.[69]

Victims killed

 
Memorial wall honoring the first three victims killed in the 2014 Isla Vista killings. From left to right: George Chen, Weihan "David" Wang, and Cheng Yuan "James" Hong
 
Memorial service outside the Alpha Phi sorority house for Veronika Weiss and Katherine Cooper
 
Memorial service outside the IV Deli Mart for Christopher Michaels-Martinez

During his attack, Rodger killed six people, all of whom were University of California, Santa Barbara students, and injured 14 others sustaining injuries, seven by gunfire and seven who were hit by Rodger's vehicle.[119]

  • 20-year-old Weihan "David" Wang (July 6, 1993 - May 23, 2014), junior majoring in computer engineering[126]
  • 20-year-old Cheng Yuan "James" Hong (April 15, 1994 - May 23, 2014), junior majoring in computer engineering[131]
  • 19-year-old George Chen (September 14, 1994 - May 23, 2014), junior majoring in computer science[136]
  • 19-year-old Veronika Elizabeth Weiss (February 24, 1995 - May 23, 2014), freshman majoring in financial mathematics and statistics[142]
  • 22-year-old Katherine "Katie" Breanne Cooper (December 26, 1991 - May 23, 2014), senior double majoring in art history and classics[148]
  • 20-year-old Christopher Ross Michaels-Martinez (December 23, 1993 - May 23, 2014), sophomore majoring in English[153]

Events after attacks

Around 10 p.m., Li Chin, Elliot Rodger's mother, Ong Li Chin Tye, received a text message from Linderman that she initially ignored. Linderman then called her, and when Li Chin answered, Linderman told her Rodger had sent an email and advised her to check it. Li Chin accessed the email, which contained his manifesto.[158] She also discovered her son's "Retribution" video online and immediately called his phone, which went to voicemail. Rodger's mother then called Santa Barbara police, telling them she needed to locate Rodger.[162] Li Chin then called Rodger's father, Peter Rodger, who was dining with friends, and told him what she had found. Li Chin, alone, drove toward Isla Vista while his father, stepmother Soumaya Akaaboune, and their friends traveled in another car.[163][164][165]

As they separately approached Isla Vista, Li Chin called Rodger's apartment building manager, asking them to check if her son was in his room. The manager told her there had been a shooting and car chase, and they would have to wait until morning to check.[13] Li Chin then received a call from a sheriff's detective, who asked her whether her son had ever owned any guns. Li Chin was shocked by the inquiry because Rodger had never shown any interest in guns.[13][166][167] She told police Rodger had social problems and saw a therapist and that she had been unable to contact him. The detective instructed Li Chin to meet him at a parking lot near Isla Vista. Li Chin arrived there first, followed by Peter, Akaaboune, and their friends.[13][166] When a sheriff arrived around 1 a.m., Li Chin demanded to know her son's whereabouts. The sheriff said Rodger had been found dead and that his driver's license confirmed his identity. Devastated by the news of Rodger's death, his parents initially believed he was a victim until hours later, when they saw reports on the internet.[13][166][168]

Police obtained a search warrant and conducted a protective sweep of Rodger's apartment around midnight on May 24. They had grown concerned for the safety of Rodger's two roommates and feared he might have set booby traps in the apartment. After removing a window screen, police found Chen's body lying in a fetal position on the bathroom floor.[69][62][169] They breached the apartment and also found the bodies of Hong and Wang in their bedroom.[62][169] In Rodger's room, which was messy, police found pharmacy documents for prescriptions, two gun cleaning kits, empty ammunition boxes and magazines, energy drinks, lottery tickets, a copy of The Art of Seduction by Robert Greene, video games, and a Starbucks coffee cup.[1][3] Police also found a folding knife, a "zombie killer" knife with a 10-inch (250 mm) blade, an 18-inch (460 mm)-blade machete, a sledgehammer, and other knives. Police discovered two journals in which Rodger expressed his growing frustration at his inability to form relationships with women. Alongside these, they found a hand-drawn illustration of a stabbing and a printed version of his 137-page manifesto. Rodger's laptop was found displaying the YouTube "Retribution" video, which Rodger had just finished uploading.[1][3][169]

Aftermath

 
 
Memorials at the University of California, Los Angeles

Police and the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (BATFE) executed search warrants at the homes of Rodger's parents, first at his father's home in Woodland Hills then at his mother's house in West Hills.[170][171] Police also obtained search warrants for the cellphone records of Rodger and his roommates. Upon examining Rodger's cellphone, they found over 492 images and videos, including more than 200 selfies.[1][172] Due to his attacks, media swarmed Rodger's family and they received numerous death threats, forcing them to move every two days.[13][173] Li Chin became worried about her daughter's safety and sent her to temporarily live with family abroad. She and Peter stayed at a hotel and met with friend's at a restaurant to discuss their situation.[13][174][175]

 
Memorial service at Harder Stadium, May 27

An autopsy of Rodger's body concluded he died by suicide from a gunshot wound to the head.[176][177] In June 2014, his body was cremated and released from the coroner's office to his family, who held a private ceremony and planned to hold a funeral in England later that year.[178] The same month, Peter met with Richard Martinez, the father of Michaels-Martinez, to discuss Michaels-Martinez and his life.[184] During an interview, Peter told Barbara Walters despite his son's long history of social problems and years of therapy, he never thought his son was capable of murdering people. Peter said his son was good at hiding his true emotions, expressed sorrow for the pain caused to the victims' families, and said he would help prevent future mass killings.[189]

Memorials

Students and the community came together at Anisq'Oyo Park in Isla Vista on the night of May 24 for a candlelight gathering to remember the victims.[190][191] Three days later, on May 27, over 20,000 people attended a memorial at the university's Harder Stadium.[192] During the memorial, Michaels-Martinez's father, Richard Martinez, spoke about his son and repeatedly yelled, "Not one more!"[193]

Perpetrator

Main article: Elliot Rodger

Rodger was born on July 24, 1991, in London, England.[194][195] Rodger faced mental health challenges from a young age but was never hospitalized for mental illness. He struggled in social situations, often cried in crowds, and displayed repetitive behaviors. He repeatedly talked about committing suicide but had no previous violent history. In 2007, he was diagnosed with pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified, though his evaluation scores did not meet the criteria for autism spectrum disorder. Rodger's diagnosis aimed to help him receive special education resources. Rodger struggled with managing anger towards his peers who he felt were leading better lives. At 15, he was prescribed Xanax and Prozac, and later Paxil, but stopped taking the medication a year later. Due to Rodger's ongoing anger and towards couples and his struggles with trying to fit in, it was suggested that he be put into a residential treatment program which would provide him with daily individual therapy, group therapy, and training to help with his social skills.[1][2][3]

Manifesto

Rodger created a 137-page manifesto titled My Twisted World: The Story of Elliot Rodger about his life story and frustrations of having stayed a virgin his whole life.[196][197][198][199] Rodger blamed women and described them as a "plague", mentioning that he thought that them getting the right to choose their own partners could "hinder the advancement of humanity," asserting that "civilized men of intelligence" should decide who they could mate with.[200][201] Rodger detailed his plans for his attack and divided it into three parts, calling it the "Day of Retribution".[202][203] The first phase involved killing his two roommates first, where he would then lure people into his apartment, wanting to slowly torture them before killing them.[204][205] In the second phase of his plan, which he dubbed the "War on Women," Rodger aimed to target "the very girls who represent everything I hate in the female gender," specifically focusing on the Alpha Phi sorority house, intending to kill as many blond women as possible before setting the sorority house on fire.[206][207][208] In his final phase, Rodger planned to drive to his father's house and kill his step-mother and half-brother.[209] He would then steal their Mercedes SUV and drive it to Isla Vista, shooting and hitting as many people as possible with his car.[210][211][212][213] Rodger's father was aware that he had been writing something, but Rodger refused to show him it. On a hike they took together before the attacks, Rodger's father expressed interest on what he was writing and asked if he could send it to him. Rodger brushed off the request, assuring him that he would share it in due time.[166]

Online history

Rodger mainly expressed his emotions through platforms like YouTube, where he shared his frustrations about his romantic failures and views on life.[214][215][216] In April 2014, he uploaded multiple videos on YouTube, expressing his deep loneliness and frustration due to his unsuccessful attempts at attracting a girlfriend.[216][194][215][217] He frequently engaged with online forums such as ForeverAlone and PUAHate, communities linked with the Manosphere that promoted masculinity, misogyny, and opposition to feminism.[218][219][220][221] Within these forums, Rodger and other men identified themselves as "incels," a term for involuntary celibate, where they discussed their struggles to find a romantic or sexual partner, criticized each other, and expressed disdain towards women and pick-up artists.[222][223][224][225][226] Rodger would post his YouTube videos to forums like Bodybuilding.com, where despite his attempts to showcase his loneliness, users left comments on his videos that ridiculed him, branding him as desperate and insecure.[214] On bodybuilding.com, a user compared Rodger's demeanor to that of a serial killer, attributing his romantic failures to sounding creepy.[214] Additionally, one of Rodger's YouTube videos garnered attention on Reddit's "cringe" forum, where a user drew comparisons between Rodger and the fictional serial killer Patrick Bateman from American Psycho.[227][228] On the day of his attacks, Rodger looked up pornography online and searched the terms "quiet silent kill with a knife" and "how to kill someone with a knife".[1][3][229]

Controversy over publication of Rodger's videos and manifesto

Several news networks limited the use of the "Retribution" video posted by Rodger for fear of triggering copycat crimes.[230][231][232][233][234] On May 27, 2014, YouTube took down Rodger's "Retribution" video, stating it broke their rules by showing a threat of violence.[235][236][237] Experts noted that taking down the video would cause it to be shared even more across the internet.[238] Genius.com co-founder Mahbod Moghadam resigned after receiving negative media attention by adding annotations on Genius.com to the manifesto written by Rodger, calling Rodger's sister "smokin hot" and describing the document as "beautifully written".[239][240][241] Genius.com CEO Tom Lehman said in a statement that it "went beyond that into gleeful insensitivity and misogyny".[242][243][244]

Preparations

In February 2012, after being unable to find a girlfriend, Rodger mentioned in his manifesto that the "Day of Retribution" became a possibility.[245] He became fixated on winning the lottery as he believed it was the only way for him to lose his virginity due to the wealth he would acquire.[246] By June 2012, Rodger wrote that winning The Mega Millions lottery jackpot was the only way in which he would not carry out his planned "Day of Retribution." When he did not win the jackpot in September 2012, he visited a gun range in Oxnard, California. Starting in November 2012, Rodger made several trips from California to Arizona to buy tickets for the Powerball jackpot, but after failing to win each time, he began to actively plan his attack.[245] His first purchase was a Glock 34 semiautomatic pistol, which he bought for $700 in December 2012. In spring 2013, he bought an Sig Sauer P226 for $1,100. He saved up $6,000 for the supplies needed for the attack, and was able to buy another Sig Sauer P226 in 2014.[245][247] From February through April 2014, Rodger visited multiple gun ranges, also making multiple ammunition purchases. He funded his weapon purchases with money he had saved from gifts from his grandparents and the $500 monthly allowance his father sent him.[246]

Further planning

In August 2013, Rodger decided to delay his planned attack until Spring 2014. By January 2014, he had chosen April 26, 2014, as the new date for his attack.[245] Rodger initially planned to carry out his attack on Halloween in 2013 but decided against it, thinking there would be too many police officers around at that time.[248] He also thought about launching his attack on Valentine's Day and during Deltopia, a spring break event that attracts thousands of young people to Isla Vista in early April. However, he decided against these dates too, concerned about the high presence of police and realizing he needed more time to prepare for the attack.[245] In his manifesto, Rodger expressed a desire to kill his half-brother, fearing he would grow up to be more popular with girls than him.[249] He also wanted to kill his stepmother because he disliked her.[250] Rodger planned to carry out these murders while his father was away on a business trip, concerned he might have to kill his father too if his plans were discovered.[250][251] However, on April 24, Rodger fell ill with a cold, which led him to postpone his attack to May 24, 2014.[245][248][252]

Reactions

After the attacks, PUAHate closed its forums, mentioning that it was "for maintenance". However, it was then permanently shut down, causing its members to go to other chatrooms and forums.[253][254][255][256] Men on social media and in the comments on Rodger's YouTube videos, empathized with Rodger's views and difficulties, with some suggesting that being ignored by women was a valid reason for committing murder against them.[257][258] A Facebook page named "Elliot Rodger Is an American Hero" was created, calling on men to share their thoughts and pay tribute to Rodger for what was described as his "ultimate sacrifice in the struggle against feminazi ideology."[259] The page also shared Rodger's "Retribution" video, with several commentators expressing support for his quest for vengeance against women.[260] Activists reported the page for promoting hate speech, harassment, and violence, and initiated a campaign on Twitter encouraging others to report the page to Facebook.[261] Facebook's response was that the page did not infringe upon its community standards, leading to widespread criticism on Twitter.[261][262] Ultimately, the page was deactivated, with Facebook citing its Statement of Rights and Responsibilities as the rationale for the decision.[261][263]

Rodger and his murders brought the incel community to mainstream attention, and were praised by young men around the world who identified as incels.[270] Incels referred to him as a "saint" and saw him as a "hero", celebrating "Saint Elliot Day" on every anniversary of his attacks.[277] Incels also refer to Rodger as "E.R.", and his mass killings have inspired similar crimes.[284] Incels involved in or suspected of other mass killings have frequently cited Rodger as an influence, often referring to their attacks as "going E.R."[291] For example, on April 23, 2018, 25-year-old Alek Minassian killed eleven people and injured 15 others in Toronto, Canada, by driving a van into pedestrians.[296] Before his attack, Minassian posted on his Facebook profile:

"Private (Recruit) Minassian Infantry 00010, wishing to speak to Sgt 4chan please. C23249161. The Incel Rebellion has already begun! We will overthrow all the Chads and Stacys! All hail the Supreme Gentleman Elliot Rodger!"[297][298][299][300]

Twitter hashtags

Following the misogynistic nature of Rodger's crimes and the identification of his hatred for women as a motivating factor, some Twitter users employed the hashtag #NotAllMen to express that "not all men" behave in such a manner or would commit similar acts.[301] Other users believed the attacks were not misogynistic because Rodger killed more men than women.[302][303] The hashtag faced criticism for diverting attention away from the broader issue of the dangers against women.[304][305] In a bid to shift the focus back to the issues of misogyny and sexism experienced by women, two Twitter users introduced the hashtag #YesAllWomen, highlighting that all women endure sexism and misogyny.[306] Within just four days of its inception, the #YesAllWomen hashtag had been used 1.2 million times on Twitter, quickly eclipsing previous hashtags that aimed to spotlight violence and sexism against women.[307]

Lawsuits

In March 2015, Hong, Wang, and Chen's parents filed a civil rights lawsuit against Santa Barbara County, the Sheriff's department, Capri Apartments, and the property management company claiming negligence and breaches of the victims' constitutional right to due process.[308][309][310] They claimed that since Rodger moved into the Capri Apartments in 2011, he insulted and fought with a lot of his roommates and displayed odd behavior, but the apartment owners failed to conduct reasonable background checks before assigning Hong and Wang as his roommates and failed to warn them that Rodger had had serious conflicts with his previous roommates.[311] They also contended that the county and its Sheriff's Department violated their rights to due process by ignoring repeated "red flags" that Rodger was violent and unstable, even after a mental health worker saw YouTube videos that Rodger had posted and contacted authorities to say that Rodger appeared to be a danger to himself and others.[312]

U.S. District Judge John F. Walter removed Santa Barbara County and the Sheriff's department from the lawsuit on October 28, 2015, determining that the county had not infringed upon their constitutional rights under federal law and that the Sheriff's department did not act neglectfully, nor did their procedures or guidelines contribute to the harm they suffered. The judge concluded that the victim's parents failed to sufficiently demonstrate a violation of their due process rights, and although the judge dismissed the state-law claims within the lawsuit, he allowed for the claims to be re-submitted. The victim's parents proceeded to file their claims again on November 20, 2015, in state court.[313] Capri Apartments and the property management company sought to have the lawsuit dismissed, but their motion was denied in February 2017. By May 2017, a trial date was scheduled for September 15 of the same year.[314] The lawsuit was later settled nearly a week and a half before the trial was to start. Despite the property management company's denial of a settlement, an attorney for the victim's parents asserted a settlement was reached but said it was "confidential". The Santa Barbara Independent claimed that a settlement of $20 million was reached.[315]

In June 2015, the cyclist who was struck by Rodger's vehicle and subsequently handcuffed filed a civil lawsuit against Santa Barbara County, Rodger's parents, and the University of California, Santa Barbara, citing negligence, false imprisonment, and civil rights infringements for not giving him immediate medical attention after getting hit. The lawsuit contended that both campus police and the Santa Barbara Sheriff's Department did not adequately investigate Rodger despite his release of several YouTube videos indicating his potential threat to others. Additionally, it was argued that Rodger's parents were negligent in allowing their mentally unstable son access to a BMW.[316][317][318]

Responses

Misogyny

The attack sparked discussion of broader issues of violence against women and misogyny.[319][320] According to the International Centre for Counter-Terrorism at the Hague, Rodger's attacks were an act of misogynist terrorism.[321] The US Secret Service described it as "misogynistic extremism".[322] Writer M.E. Williams objected to Rodger being labeled the "virgin killer", saying that implies that "one possible cause of male aggression is a lack of female sexual acquiescence".[323] Amanda Hess, writing for Slate, argued that although Rodger killed more men than women, his motivations were misogynistic because his reason for hating the men he attacked was that he thought they stole the women he felt entitled to.[302] Writing for Reason, Cathy Young countered with "that seems like a good example of stretching the concept into meaninglessness – or turning it into unfalsifiable quasi-religious dogma" and wrote that Rodger also wrote many hateful messages about other men.[324]

Film critic Ann Hornaday of The Washington Post attributed the attacks to Hollywood's "sexist movie monoculture," which she claimed was largely produced by white men.[325][326][327] She criticized Canadian actor Seth Rogen and American director Judd Apatow, stating that Rogen's role in the 2014 movie Neighbors and Apatow's directing encouraged "outsized frat-boy fantasies", making people like Rodger feel "unjustly shut out of college life that should be full of 'sex and fun and pleasure'."[328][329][330]

Gun control and mental health

The attacks renewed calls for gun control and improvements in the American health care system.[331] Sheriff Bill Brown blamed Rodger's actions and the subsequent attacks on shortcomings in the mental health treatment system. He pointed out a widespread shortfall in resources for community mental health care and criticized the inadequate communication from healthcare professionals regarding individuals who exhibit suicidal or homicidal thoughts.[332] Several legislators in California demanded an evaluation of the interaction between the deputies and Rodger on April 30,[333] with the FBI launching an investigation on how the Sheriff's Office handled the situation.[334] The deputies did not consult the California gun ownership database, which already showed Rodger's purchase of at least two handguns.[333] They also did not examine the YouTube videos that led Rodger's parents to reach out to them.[335] Subsequently, the Sheriff's Office concluded that the responding deputies followed all rules and conducted themselves professionally, in alignment with both state law and departmental guidelines.[336] Despite California being one of the most strict states in the United States with gun laws, Rodger, who despite having undergone several years of psychiatric treatment, passed all necessary background checks. Because he had neither been institutionalized for mental health issues nor possessed a criminal history, he was able to purchase all three firearms.[337] In California, at the time, undergoing mental health treatment did not disqualify people for applying for firearms. Furthermore, even when Rodger's parents alerted the police to his threats on YouTube, the absence of an immediate threat meant the police lacked the authority to search his apartment, search the gun registry, or confiscate any firearms without a warrant based on probable cause.[338]

Democratic Senator Richard Blumenthal from Connecticut advocated for the reinstatement of gun-control measures previously declined by Congress following the 2012 Sandy Hook school shooting, suggesting such legislation might have prevented the shooting spree.[339] Blumenthal emphasized the necessity to refocus gun-control initiatives around mental health issues, highlighting the urgent need for enhanced resources to support individuals with mental illnesses.[340][341] In his address, Michaels-Martinez's father attributed the attacks to the "craven, irresponsible" actions of politicians and the National Rifle Association (NRA), accusing the NRA of prioritizing gun rights above public safety.[342][343][344] Subsequently, Martinez said he wanted members of Congress to stop calling him to offer condolences for his son's death and appealed to the public to unite with him in "demanding immediate action" on gun control from Congress members.[345] Additionally, he extended his sympathies towards the parents of Rodger.[346] Timothy F. Murphy, a Pennsylvania Representative and clinical psychologist, presented his bipartisan mental health reform as a solution and called on Congress to enact it.[347][348] Santa Barbara Assemblymembers Das Williams and Nancy Skinner introduced legislation that would allow law enforcement, close relatives, or roommates to request a court order for the confiscation of firearms from individuals deemed a serious risk to themselves or others.[349][350] State Senator Hannah-Beth Jackson also proposed a bill enforcing officers consult a state firearms registry during assessments of potential threats to personal or public safety.[351] Jackson's bill received unanimous Senate approval in August 2014.[352] While Williams and Skinner's bill successfully passed through both legislative chambers, it faced opposition from the National Rifle Association and other groups advocating for Second Amendment rights, who launched statewide robocall campaigns against it. Williams highlighted the external origin of the calls and maintained that the legislation received significant bipartisan support.[353] Governor Jerry Brown ultimately signed both bills into law in September 2014,[354][355] making California the first state to enact a Red flag law.[356][357]

See also

References

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