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Santos Dumont Airport

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This article is about the Rio de Janeiro airport. For the airport serving Paranaguá, see Paranaguá Airport.

Santos Dumont Airport (IATA: SDU, ICAO: SBRJ) is the second major airport serving Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It is named after the Brazilian aviation pioneer Alberto Santos Dumont (1873–1932).

Santos Dumont Airport

Aeroporto Santos Dumont
Summary
Airport typePublic / Military
Operator
  • ARSA (1973–1987)
  • Infraero (1987–present)
ServesRio de Janeiro
Opened16 October 1936; 88 years ago (1936-10-16)
Focus city for
Time zoneBRT (UTC−03:00)
Elevation AMSL3 m / 10 ft
Coordinates22°54′36″S 043°09′45″W / 22.91000°S 43.16250°W / -22.91000; -43.16250
Websitewww4.infraero.gov.br/aeroportos/aeroporto-do-rio-de-janeiro-santos-dumont/
Map
SDU is located in Rio de Janeiro
SDU
SDU
Location within greater Rio de Janeiro
SDU is located in Rio de Janeiro (state)
SDU
SDU
SDU (Rio de Janeiro (state))
SDU is located in Brazil
SDU
SDU
SDU (Brazil)
Map
Runways
Direction Length Surface
m ft
02R/20L 1,323 4,341 Asphalt
02L/20R 1,260 4,134 Asphalt
Statistics (2023)
Passengers11,446,012 Increase 12%
Aircraft operations120,888 Increase 11%
Metric tonnes of cargo12,656 Increase 26%
Statistics: Infraero[1]
Sources: Airport Website,[2] ANAC,[3] DECEA[4]

It is operated by Infraero.

History

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The Seaplane terminal on the day of its dedication (November 30, 1936).
 
Panair Terminal in the 1940s
 
Crowds gather in front of the airport during the transport of President Getúlio Vargas' body from Rio de Janeiro for burial in São Borja, 26 August 1954
 
View of Santos Dumont in 1971 with Varig headquarters
 
Santos Dumont - SDU

Originally known as Calabouço Airport, the history of the airport can be traced back to the early 1930s. Until that time, the few aircraft equipped with landing gear used Manguinhos Airport. Seaplanes, which at the time operated the majority of domestic and international flights, used a terminal located at the Calabouço Point, an area known today as Praça Marechal Âncora. Take-off and landings were made using an area of Guanabara Bay then known as estirão do Caju (Caju water stretch). It was as a development of the terminal at Calabouço Point that Calabouço Airport was created.[5]

In 1934, in order to handle a growing number of land operations, land was reclaimed from the sea to create the first runway of the airport with a length of 1,300 feet (400 m). In 1936, the runway was extended to 2,300 feet (700 m) and on 30 November it received its first commercial flight, a VASP Junkers Ju 52 aircraft flying from São Paulo–Congonhas. The airport complex was inaugurated on 16 October 1936 and was named Santos Dumont Airport.

It was also in 1936 that the construction of a new passenger terminal began. It was a project led by the architects MMM Roberto (Marcelo, Milton and Mauricio Roberto Doria-Baptista) inspired in the Paris–Le Bourget Airport terminal. Its pioneering, modernist, architectural features created a Brazilian national landmark. It was only in 1947 that its construction was completed. This building continues to be used to the present day. In the lobby of this terminal, (now the arrivals terminal) two monumental paintings by Cadmo Fausto de Sousa can be seen. Named "Old Aviation" and "Modern Aviation", they feature many old and new means of flying. Both were unveiled in 1951.[6]

 
The original terminal building, which now handles only arrivals.

A new public terminal building for seaplanes was inaugurated on 29 October 1938. It was a replacement for the original passenger terminal and was used by all airlines except Panair do Brasil and Pan American World Airways, which used their own facilities. Owing to the obsolescence of seaplanes, it ceased to be used in 1942. Today, this protected building houses the Historical and Cultural Institute of the Brazilian Air Force (INCAER).

Adjoining the original seaplane terminal, Pan American World Airways and its Brazilian subsidiary Panair do Brasil constructed their own dedicated terminal for seaplanes and aircraft with landing gear. This terminal opened in 1937 featuring architecture inspired by the Pan American Seaplane Base and Terminal Building in Miami. It included a passenger terminal, offices and hangars. It remained the headquarters of Panair do Brasil until the airline was forced to cease its operations in 1965. It is now the headquarters of the Third Regional Air Command of the Brazilian Air Force.

On July 21, 1953, within a law prescribing rules for the naming of airports, the name of the facility was officially and exceptionally maintained as Santos Dumont Airport.[7]

On 21 May 1959 a formal agreement between Varig, Cruzeiro do Sul, and VASP created an air shuttle service (Portuguese: Ponte Aérea), the first of its kind in the world. This service operated between Rio de Janeiro–Santos Dumont Airport and São Paulo–Congonhas and comprised regular hourly departures, common check-in counter, and simplified tickets and formalities. The service was an instant success. Transbrasil joined the partnership in 1968. Starting in 1975 the service was operated exclusively by Varig's Lockheed L-188 Electra propjets. In 1999 this service came to an end because airlines decided to operate their own independent services.[8]

Over the years, the airport's main runway has been extended several times, first to 2,300 feet (700 m), then to 3,000 feet (910 m), and finally 4,340 feet (1,320 m).

With the gradual shift of international operations to Galeão Airport, opened in 1952, Rio de Janeiro–Santos Dumont lost its place as an international hub, but for many years retained its position of a major hub for domestic traffic, particularly until 1960, when the capital of Brazil was moved to Brasília. The airport handles only part of Rio's short-to-medium haul domestic air traffic, and part of its general aviation and military operations. The airport is famous for having some of the shortest runways on which some Boeing and Airbus aircraft can land. An idea of these operations is given in the 007–James Bond film Moonraker of 1979, in which a Lockheed L-188 Electra briefly appears taking-off from the airport.

 
The new terminal building opened in 2007 and handles all departures.

Due to a fire that almost destroyed the main terminal in 1999, the passenger terminal building was closed for 6 months.

On 26 May 2007, in time for the 2007 Pan American Games, a brand-new, modern extension of the original terminal was opened. This extension handles all departure operations, whilst the original terminal now handles all arrival operations. The new departures terminal increased the total capacity of the airport to 8.0 million passengers/year.

It was announced on 5 August 2009 that in order to renew its operational licence the Rio de Janeiro State Environment Institute (INEA) would require Santos Dumont Airport to adjust operational standards. After a meeting between INEA and Infraero held on 3 September 2009, the following compromise was reached: approach route 2 is used only when specific wind conditions that amount to 30% of total operations so require; the airport is closed between 23:00 and 06:00 hours: aircraft may depart or arrive until 22:30 hours, giving a half-hour tolerance period; and the maximum number of flights per hour was reduced from 23 to 19.[9][10]

Furthermore, Santos Dumont has slot restrictions operating with a maximum of 19 operations/hour, being one of the five airports with such restrictions in Brazil.[11]

 
Departure room

On 31 August 2009, Infraero unveiled a BRL152.2 million (US$80.2 million; EUR64.5 million) investment plan[12] to upgrade Santos Dumont Airport, particularly the passenger arrivals terminal. The plan focused on the preparations for the 2014 FIFA World Cup, which was held in Brazil and Rio de Janeiro being one of the venue cities, and the 2016 Summer Olympics. The renovation was completed in 2013.

Whilst this airport is quite conveniently located very close to the city centre, the location is problematic because aircraft have Sugarloaf Mountain on the direct approach path, meaning that whilst installing an ILS system would be feasible because of the relatively clear approach path onto runways 20L/20R, it is not feasible as if an ILS was installed on runways 02L/02R, the glide path would head through Sugarloaf. This means that aircraft have to negotiate the mountainous terrain beyond the two runways by either:
a. flying over the bay entrance, then quickly swerving behind Sugarloaf on to the runway glide path, or
b. fly over central Rio and negotiate the mountainous terrain not just around Sugarloaf, but also around the central west of Rio.

A highlight of Santos Dumont Airport is the modern departure lounge, the first in the country to be completely covered with transparent material, which provides a wide view of Guanabara Bay, where it is possible to see tourist attractions such as the Rio-Niterói Bridge, Fiscal Island, the Museum of Contemporary Art, the city of Niterói, the Naval School and Sugarloaf Mountain.[13]

Santos Dumont Airport was the secondary airport of Rio de Janeiro, the much larger Galeão–Antonio Carlos Jobim International Airport being the primary facility until 2019. In 2020 positions inverted and in 2022 Santos Dumont was accounting for approximately 63% of the total traffic of Greater Rio de Janeiro, spread into three airports. In 2022 Santos Dumont reached 10,178,502 transported passengers whereas Galeão had only 5,895,257.[1][14] In order to control and revert this abnormal trend, on August 10, 2023 the Civil Aviation National Council issued an order to restrict Santos Dumont services to airports located within 400km maximum from Rio de Janeiro and without international services. The resolution came into force on January 1, 2024, and was considered to be provisory, until a balance was reached. Airlines started cancelling and/or moving services to Galeão in September 2023. Using the opportunity of reduced traffic, the same resolution authorized the upgrade works of Runway End Safety Areas applying engineered materials arrestor system.[15][16] Following resistance from the international aviation community, on November 8, 2023 these restrictions were reversed and replaced by an annual cap of 6,5 million passengers starting in 2024.[17]

Airlines and destinations

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Aerial view of Santos Dumont location
 
SDU boarding
AirlinesDestinations
Azul Brazilian Airlines Belo Horizonte–Confins, Campinas, São Paulo–Congonhas, São Paulo–Guarulhos
Gol Linhas Aéreas Brasília, São Paulo–Congonhas
LATAM Brasil Brasília, São Paulo–Congonhas, São Paulo–Guarulhos

Statistics

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Planes with Sugarloaf Mountain in the background
 
An aircraft taking off from the airport

Following is the number of passenger, aircraft and cargo movements at the airport, according to Infraero reports:[18][1]

Year Passenger Aircraft Cargo (t)
2023 11,446,012   12% 120,888   11% 12,656   26%
2022 10,178,502   50% 109,352   51% 10,005   46%
2021 6,799,614   37% 72,370   34% 6,854   31%
2020 4,978,152   45% 54,080   43% 5,215   25%
2019 9,091,258   1% 95,203   5% 6,982   5%
2018 9,206,059   100,144   2% 6,679   91%
2017 9,247,185   2% 102,067   3% 3,490   40%
2016 9,065,905   6% 105,671   12% 2,499   14%
2015 9,618,197   3% 120,538   4% 2,892   43%
2014 9,924,977   8% 125,798   1% 5,089   42%
2013 9,204,603   2% 127,328   6% 8,828   50%
2012 9,002,863   6% 135,373   4% 5,875   39%
2011 8,515,021   9% 129,629   2% 4,236   25%
2010 7,822,848   53% 126,515   30% 3,367   6%
2009 5,009,643   41% 97,075   36% 3,564   42%
2008 3,628,766   13% 71,527   9% 2,509   8%
2007 3,214,415 65,689 2,733

Accidents and incidents

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Major accidents involving fatalities

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Incidents

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Access

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The airport is located adjacent to downtown Rio de Janeiro.

Rio de Janeiro Light Rail has a terminal station at the airport connecting the airport with downtown area, the subway system, the Central Railway Station, and Central Bus Station.

See also

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References

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  This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency

  1. ^ a b c "Estatísticas". Infraero (in Portuguese). 15 January 2024. Retrieved 18 January 2024.
  2. ^ "Aeroporto Santos Dumont". Infraero (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on 29 March 2019. Retrieved 15 June 2020.
  3. ^ "Aeródromos". ANAC (in Portuguese). 29 June 2020. Retrieved 2 April 2021.
  4. ^ "Santos Dumont (SBRJ)". DECEA (in Portuguese). Retrieved 13 August 2023.
  5. ^ Empresa das Artes, ed. (1996). Aeroporto Santos Dumont 1936–1996 (in Portuguese). Rio de Janeiro: Empresa das Artes. ISBN 85-85628-27-8.
  6. ^ Pereira, Aldo (1987). Breve história da aviação comercial brasileira (in Portuguese). Rio de Janeiro: Europa Empresa Gráfica e Editora.
  7. ^ "Lei no 1.909, de 21 de julho de 1953". Presidência da República (in Portuguese). 21 July 1953. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
  8. ^ "Ponte Aérea completa meio século". Revista da Associação dos tripulantes da TAM. 2009. pp. 2–3.
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  10. ^ "Licença ambiental vai restringir operações no Aeroporto Santos Dumont" (in Portuguese). Agência Brasil. 4 August 2009. Archived from the original on 25 March 2012. Retrieved 13 September 2009.
  11. ^ "Nota técnica" (PDF) (in Portuguese). ANAC. Archived (PDF) from the original on 23 March 2012. Retrieved 12 September 2011.
  12. ^ Rittner, Daniel; Braga, Paulo Victor (31 August 2009). "Infraero vai gastar R$5 bi em reforma de aeroportos". Valor Econômico (in Portuguese). pp. A4. Archived from the original on 6 July 2011. Retrieved 4 October 2019.
  13. ^ "Aeroporto Santos Dumont SDU | Rio de Janeiro - PR". Aeroporto Santos Dumont | Rio de Janeiro - Brasil (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 6 November 2024.
  14. ^ "Movimentação aeroportuária". RIOgaleão (in Portuguese). Retrieved 24 February 2023.
  15. ^ "Governo Federal anuncia restrição de voos no Santos Dumont a partir de janeiro de 2024". gov.br (in Portuguese). 10 August 2023. Retrieved 20 August 2023.
  16. ^ "RESOLUÇÃO CONAC-MPOR Nº 1, DE 10 DE AGOSTO DE 2023". Imprensa Nacional (in Portuguese). 10 August 2023. Retrieved 20 August 2023.
  17. ^ "Resolution limiting routes at Santos Dumont airport revoked". www.aeroflap.com.br. 8 November 2023. Retrieved 11 November 2023.
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  24. ^ Germano da Silva, Carlos Ari César (2008). "Colisão com a Escola Naval". O rastro da bruxa: história da aviação comercial brasileira no século XX através dos seus acidentes 1928–1996 (in Portuguese) (2 ed.). Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS. pp. 54–60. ISBN 978-85-7430-760-2.
  25. ^ "Accident description PP-CDJ". Aviation Safety Network. Archived from the original on 4 November 2012. Retrieved 18 August 2011.
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  28. ^ "Accident description PP-BTB". Aviation Safety Network. Archived from the original on 4 November 2012. Retrieved 10 September 2011.
  29. ^ "Accident description PP-SQE". Aviation Safety Network. Archived from the original on 7 March 2005. Retrieved 17 August 2011.
  30. ^ Germano da Silva, Carlos Ari César (2008). "Ponte aérea das doze horas". O rastro da bruxa: história da aviação comercial brasileira no século XX através dos seus acidentes 1928–1996 (in Portuguese) (2 ed.). Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS. pp. 171–173. ISBN 978-85-7430-760-2.
  31. ^ "Accident description 131582". Aviation Safety Network. Archived from the original on 6 June 2011. Retrieved 11 May 2011.
  32. ^ "Accident description PP-AXD". Aviation Safety Network. Archived from the original on 30 May 2013. Retrieved 23 September 2011.
  33. ^ Germano da Silva, Carlos Ari César (2008). "Torre de Babel". O rastro da bruxa: história da aviação comercial brasileira no século XX através dos seus acidentes 1928–1996 (in Portuguese) (2 ed.). Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS. pp. 182–186. ISBN 978-85-7430-760-2.
  34. ^ "Accident description PP-YRB". Aviation Safety Network. Archived from the original on 19 July 2012. Retrieved 16 May 2011.
  35. ^ Germano da Silva, Carlos Ari César (2008). "O mistério da ilha dos Ferros". O rastro da bruxa: história da aviação comercial brasileira no século XX através dos seus acidentes 1928–1996 (in Portuguese) (2 ed.). Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS. pp. 190–193. ISBN 978-85-7430-760-2.
  36. ^ "Accident description PP-SMI". Aviation Safety Network. Archived from the original on 23 October 2012. Retrieved 18 August 2011.
  37. ^ Germano da Silva, Carlos Ari César (2008). "O Samurai desaparecido". O rastro da bruxa: história da aviação comercial brasileira no século XX através dos seus acidentes 1928–1996 (in Portuguese) (2 ed.). Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS. pp. 274–278. ISBN 978-85-7430-760-2.
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  39. ^ Germano da Silva, Carlos Ari César (2008). "Dia do aviador". O rastro da bruxa: história da aviação comercial brasileira no século XX através dos seus acidentes 1928–1996 (in Portuguese) (2 ed.). Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS. pp. 291–293. ISBN 978-85-7430-760-2.
  40. ^ "Incident description PP-PCR". Aviation Safety Network. Archived from the original on 4 November 2012. Retrieved 12 September 2011.
  41. ^ "Incident description PP-SRM". Aviation Safety Network. Archived from the original on 25 October 2012. Retrieved 11 September 2009.
  42. ^ "Incident description FAB2100". Aviation Safety Network. Archived from the original on 26 May 2012. Retrieved 2 September 2009.
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