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Saudi Americans (Arabic: سُعُودِيُّونْ أَمْرِيكِيُّونْ, romanized: suʿudiyyūn ʼamrīkiyyūn) are Americans of total or partial Saudi descent. According to the 2000 census, 7,419 people of Saudi origin were living in the United States. In 2015, according to the American Community Survey, 96,783 Saudi-born people were living in the US.[2] Saudi Arabia and the US have had important political relations since the 1940s. Population estimates are seen to have a very small diaspora, mainly because Saudi Arabia provides native Saudis with more than adequate welfare benefits, removing the need to live and work in other developed countries.
| Total population | |
|---|---|
| 7,419 (Saudi ancestry or ethnic origin. 2000 U.S. Census Report on the Arab-American population).[1] 96,783 (Saudi-born, 2015)[2] | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
| California, New York City, Washington DC, Florida, Ohio | |
| Languages | |
| American English, Arabic (Najdi Arabic, Hijazi Arabic) | |
| Religion | |
| Islam | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Arab Americans |
History
editThe first Saudis who settled in the United States were personal ambassadors of the Saudi Arabia Embassy in Washington, D.C., in the mid-1940s. After the World War II, many Saudis students began to emigrate to the United States to study in its universities. However, in the 1960s, when the universities of Saudi Arabia began to work, the number of Saudi students abroad started to drop. The US Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 limited the number of Saudis who could obtain US citizenship, as it was only accessible to educated immigrants.
The Saudis established a great community in the Washington, DC metropolitan area, formed by a great number of families. Thus, the government of Saudi Arabia founded the Islamic Saudi Academy in Alexandria, Virginia in 1984 to provide an Arab and Muslim education to children. This academy also allowed the enrollment of Muslim children of other origins. "The academy services 1,150 children in kindergarten through the 12th grade".
In the 1990 census, only 4,486 people claimed to be of Saudi descent.[3]
Demography
editIndividual Saudi citizens, as well as their government, have made financial contributions to Muslim organizations. Nevertheless, the relatively small Saudi community, and the low number of Saudis who choose to live permanently in the United States has limited uniquely the cultural developments of Saudi-Americans.
In the 1990 census, Saudi Arabians reported living in 44 of the 50 of United States. The greatest number, 517, resided in California. There were five additional states that reported over 200 Saudi Arabians: Colorado, Florida, Pennsylvania, Texas, and Virginia.
There are a variety of reasons why so few Saudi Arabians choose to permanently live in the United States. Among these were the wealth of Saudi Arabia, the religious faith and pride of Saudis who found it difficult to maintain an Islamic lifestyle in the United States, and a lack of factors motivating citizens to leave Saudi Arabia. The limited number of marriages between the US and Saudi citizens may also have contributed to the low number of Saudi immigrants and of Saudi Americans.
Political dissent and dissatisfaction with the restrictions of living in an orthodox Muslim society were among the factors that encouraged migration. The US Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965, that gave special treatment to those educated immigrants established in the United States, also helped Saudi immigrants gain U.S. citizenship.
Arabic is the national language of Saudi Arabia, but English is commonly used in business transactions, particularly with foreigners. There were ten large newspapers operating in Saudi Arabia in 1992, all privately owned; seven were printed in Arabic and three in English. English is commonly taught in the public schools, and sometimes French is offered in private academies. The Saudi men living in the United States and who do not wish to return to Saudi Arabia do have other options when seeking a spouse. In the 1990s, the Islamic Society of North America (ISNA), headquartered in Plainfield, Indiana, maintained an electronic database of persons seeking to marry. Through it, Muslims living in the United States and Canada were able to locate potential spouses with whom they could share Islamic values. Many years ago, the restrictions for Saudi women desiring to marry non-Saudis were severe. As of 1999, they were required to get a kingly dispensation to marry anyone that was not from Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Kuwait, Bahrain, Oman, or the United Arab Emirates. In 1999, the American Embassy was aware of that only four Saudi women be married to American men. For these reasons, Saudi men and women living in the United States are unlikely to marry with Americans, thereby eliminating one aspect of Americanization: The cross-cultural marriages that have played key roles in helping to establish other ethnic communities in the United States.
See also
edit
References
edit- ^ "Table 1. First, Second, and Total Responses to the Ancestry Question by Detailed Ancestry Code: 2000" (XLS). U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved May 16, 2016.
- ^ a b "Place of Birth for the Foreign-born Population in the United States, Universe: Foreign-born population excluding population born at sea, 2015 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. 2015. Archived from the original on February 14, 2020. Retrieved September 15, 2016.
- ^ Schryer, Sonya (2006). "Countries and Their Cultures: Saudi Americans". Countries and their cultures. Retrieved May 16, 2016.
Further reading
edit- Al-Jasir, Abdullah S. H. "Social, cultural, and academic factors associated with adjustment of Saudi students in the United States." (PhD 1994, University of Illinois Urbana)
- Norris, Sonya Schryer. "Saudi Arabian Americans." Gale Encyclopedia of Multicultural America, edited by Thomas Riggs, (3rd ed., vol. 4, Gale, 2014), pp. 75-85. Online