The scaled pigeon (Patagioenas speciosa) is a large New World tropical dove. It is a resident breeder from southern Mexico south to western Ecuador, southern Brazil, northern Argentina, and Trinidad.
| Scaled pigeon | |
|---|---|
| |
| At Zooparque Itatiba, Sao Paulo State, Brazil | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Columbiformes |
| Family: | Columbidae |
| Genus: | Patagioenas |
| Species: | P. speciosa
|
| Binomial name | |
| Patagioenas speciosa (Gmelin, JF, 1789)
| |
| |
| Synonyms | |
|
Columba speciosa Gmelin, 1789 | |
The scaled pigeon is fairly common in semi-open forest. It builds a stick platform nest in a tree and lays two white eggs.
Its flight is high, fast and direct, with the regular beats and an occasional sharp flick of the wings which are characteristic of pigeons in general. It is usually very wary, since it is frequently hunted.
Taxonomy
editThe scaled pigeon was formally described in 1789 by the German naturalist Johann Friedrich Gmelin in his revised and expanded edition of Carl Linnaeus's Systema Naturae. He placed it with all the other doves and pigeons in the genus Columba and coined the binomial name Columba speciosa.[2] Gmelin based his description on "Le Ramiret" and the "Pigeon ramier de Cayenne" that had been described and illustrated in 1871 by the French polymath Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon.[3][4] The scaled pigeon was moved to the resurrected genus Patagioenas based on a molecular phylogenetic study published in 2001.[5][6][7] The genus had been introduced by the German naturalist Ludwig Reichenbach in 1853.[8] The genus name combines the Ancient Greek patageō meaning "to clatter" and oinas meaning "pigeon". The specific epithet speciosa is from Latin speciosus meaning "beautiful".[9] The species in monotypic: no subspecies are recognised.[7]
Description
editThe scaled pigeon is 36 cm (14 in) long and weighs normally about 290 g (10 oz). Adult males have mainly purple brown plumage, with a paler scaly appearance to the neck and underparts. The lower underparts are whitish edged with purple. The eyering, legs and bill are red, the latter having a white tip. The female is dull dark brown rather than purplish, and is slightly smaller than the male.
Scaled pigeons feed mainly on forest fruits and seeds. Birds have also been seen to feed on fresh green leaves and sometimes crops.[10] The call is a series of deep cooing cro ku-ks that differs markedly from that of its relatives, such as the white-crowned pigeon.[11] This is a solitary bird which does not form flocks.
The scaled pigeon has been recorded as successfully nesting on a fern (Pteridium aquilinum at ground level, and in the canopy of the tree fern Cyathea cyatheoides). The pearl kite visits nests of this species as a natural predator.[12]
References
edit- ^ BirdLife International (2020). "Patagioenas speciosa". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T22690235A139234084. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22690235A139234084.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
- ^ Gmelin, Johann Friedrich (1789). Systema naturae per regna tria naturae : secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis (in Latin). Vol. 1, Part 1 (13th ed.). Lipsiae [Leipzig]: Georg. Emanuel. Beer. p. 783.
- ^ Buffon, Georges-Louis Leclerc de (1771). "Le Ramiret". Histoire Naturelle des Oiseaux (in French). Vol. 2. Paris: De l'Imprimerie Royale. p. 278.
- ^ Buffon, Georges-Louis Leclerc de; Martinet, François-Nicolas; Daubenton, Edme-Louis; Daubenton, Louis-Jean-Marie (1765–1783). "Pigeon ramier de Cayenne". Planches Enluminées D'Histoire Naturelle. Vol. 3. Paris: De L'Imprimerie Royale. Plate 213.
- ^ Johnson, K.P.; de Kort, S.; Dinwoodey, K.; Mateman, A.C.; ten Cate, C.; Lessells, C.M.; Clayton, D.H.; Sheldon, F. (2001). "A molecular phylogeny of the dove genera Streptopelia and Columba". The Auk. 118 (4): 874–887. doi:10.1093/auk/118.4.874. hdl:20.500.11755/a92515bb-c1c6-4c0e-ae9a-849936c41ca2.
- ^ Banks, R.C.; Cicero, C.; Dunn, J.L.; Kratter, A.W.; Rasmussen, P.C.; Remsen, J.V.J.; Rising, J.D.; Stotz, D.F. (2003). "Forty-Fourth Supplement to the American Ornithologists' Union Check-List of North American Birds". The Auk. 120 (3): 923–932. doi:10.1093/auk/120.3.923.
- ^ a b Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (July 2021). "Pigeons". IOC World Bird List Version 11.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 9 October 2021.
- ^ Reichenbach, Ludwig (1853). Handbuch der speciellen Ornithologie (in German). Leipzig: Friedrich Hofmeister. p. xxv.
- ^ Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. pp. 294, 361. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
- ^ "Patagioenas speciosa (Scaled Pigeon)" (PDF). The Online Guide to the Animals of Trinidad and Tobago. UWI.
- ^ Mahler, Bettina & Tubaro, Pablo L. (2001): Relationship between song characters and morphology in New World pigeons. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 74(4): 533–539. doi:10.1006/bijl.2001.0596 (HTML abstract)
- ^ Aguilar, Héctor F. (1996)- Algunas Notas Sobre la Paloma Leona Columba [speciosa] speciosa Gmelin 1789 (Aves: Columbidae) en Mérida, Venezuela. Zoocriaderos 1(2):25-34
- ffrench, Richard; O'Neill, John Patton & Eckelberry, Don R. (1991): A guide to the birds of Trinidad and Tobago (2nd edition). Comstock Publishing, Ithaca, N.Y.. ISBN 0-8014-9792-2
- Hilty, Steven L. (2003): Birds of Venezuela. Christopher Helm, London. ISBN 0-7136-6418-5
- Stiles, F. Gary & Skutch, Alexander Frank (1989): A guide to the birds of Costa Rica. Comistock, Ithaca. ISBN 0-8014-9600-4