Schmuck, or shmuck, is a pejorative term meaning one who is stupid or foolish, or an obnoxious, contemptible or detestable person. The word came into the English language from Yiddish (Yiddish: שמאָק, shmok), where it has similar pejorative meanings, but where its literal meaning is a vulgar term for a penis.[1]
Etymology
editThe Yiddish word shmok probably derives from Old Polish smok "grass snake, dragon".[2][3][4] It is unrelated to the German word Schmuck, meaning 'jewelry'.[2]
Euphemisms
editBecause of its generally being considered a vulgarity, the word is often euphemized as schmoe, which was the source of Al Capp's cartoon strip creature the shmoo.[5] Other variants include schmo and shmo.[citation needed]
In Jewish-American culture
editLeo Rosten writes in The Joys of Yiddish that schmuck is commonly viewed among Jews as an obscene word that should not be said lightly.[6] Lenny Bruce, a Jewish stand-up comedian, wrote that the use of the word during his performances in 1962 led to his arrest on the West Coast, "by a Yiddish undercover agent who had been placed in the club several nights running to determine if [his] use of Yiddish terms was a cover for profanity".[7]
An article in Forward attempts to draw a distinction of the term "schmuck" from other Yiddish terms for stupid and inept persons: schlemiel, schlimazel, and schmendrik, a distinction not properly drawn in dictionaries. After a number of comparisons, the author concludes: "A schmuck is, in short, someone who lacks not intelligence, but all insight into what is humanly appropriate and what is not. This makes his condition remediable. A schlemiel, a schlimazel and a schmendrik are irredeemably what they are. A schmuck can be enlightened. "[8])
In popular culture
editAlthough schmuck is considered an obscene term in Yiddish, it has become a common American idiom for "jerk" or "idiot". It can be taken as offensive, however, by some Jews, particularly those with strong Yiddish roots. Allan Sherman explained in his book The Rape of the A*P*E* that, if a word is used frequently enough, it loses its shock value and comes into common usage without raising any eyebrows.[9]
The term was notably used in the 2010 comedy film Dinner for Schmucks, in which the plot centered on a competition among businessmen to see who could invite the biggest idiot to a monthly dinner. In her review of the film for the New York Times, film critic Debbie Schlussel took issue with the movie's use of the term, and with its use of Yiddish at all, adding: “The more correct title would have been ‘Dinner for Schlemiels'.”[10] She added, "At The New York Times, where the word is still considered potentially offensive, the title of [the] film may be mentioned only sparingly. Still, advertisements for the movie would probably pass muster", and suggested that the main characters in the film might be more appropriately called "shmendriks".[10]
In bodybuilding
editIn bodybuilding culture, the term "schmoe", or "smos", is used to describe a person, often a wealthy man who is less muscular and weaker than bodybuilders, who pays bodybuilders money for private posing sessions, wrestling, and prostitution.[11][12][13]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Gross, David C. English-Yiddish, Yiddish-English Dictionary: Romanized Hippocrene Books, 1995. p.144. ISBN 0-7818-0439-6
- ^ a b "Schmuck". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved 17 Jan 2011.
- ^ "Schmuck". American Heritage Dictionary. Retrieved 5 Dec 2018.
- ^ Gold, David L. (1982). "More on Yiddish shmok". Comments on Etymology. 11 (15): 33–37.
- ^ Rosten, Leo. The Joys of Yiddish. New York, Pocket Books, 1968. pp. 360-362
- ^ Rosten, Leo. The New Joy of Yiddish. Crown Publishers, New York, 2001. pgs. 78, 162. ISBN 0-609-60785-5
- ^ Paley, Maggie. The Book of the Penis New York: Grove Press, 2000. p.78. ISBN 0802136931
- ^ Etiquette for Schmucks, Schlemiels, Schlimazels and Schmendriks, Forward, May 12, 2010
- ^ Sherman, Allan. The Rape of the A*P*E*; the Official History of the Sex Revolution, 1945–1973. Chicago: Playboy, 1973. Print.
- ^ a b Cieply, Michael (May 3, 2010). "Much Movie Title Meshugas". The New York Times. Retrieved November 19, 2015.
- ^ "Schmoes In Bodybuilding". muscle-insider.com.
- ^ Hildebrand, Bryan. "P.J. Braun: The Other Fans". www.rxmuscle.com.
- ^ "IFBB Pro Undercover #16". 15 January 2003. Archived from the original on 7 November 2017. Retrieved 3 May 2016.
External links
edit
- Yiddish Dictionary Online Archived 2006-02-02 at the Wayback Machine