Schout-bij-nacht (pronounced [ˈsxʌud bɛi ˈnɑxt] ) is a naval rank of Dutch origin.
The schout-bij-nacht was responsible for ensuring that a fleet continued to sail in the prescribed order at night. The title comes from the title of the officer who replaced the admiral at night and was therefore called night scout, captain at night or schout-bij-nacht.[1]
Denmark-Norway
editIn the Dano-Norwegian navy, the rank of Schout by Nacht was codified on 11 February 1693, by King Christian V. In the second publication of the Danish order of precedence, the rank of Schout by Nacht was placed below vice admirals (Danish: Vice-Admiral), and above Commander-captains (Commandeur-Capitainer til Søes).[2] In 1771, the rank was replaced with Counter admiral.[3]
Netherlands
edit| Schout-bij-nacht | |
|---|---|
 | |
 Sleeve insignia | |
| Country |  Netherlands |
| Service branch |  Royal Netherlands Navy |
| Rank group | Flag officer |
| NATO rank code | OF-7 |
| Formation | 15th century |
| Next higher rank | Vice admiral |
| Next lower rank | Commander |
| Equivalent ranks | Major general |
It is the second most junior admiral position of the Dutch Navy, ranking above commandeur ("commodore") and below a vice-admiraal ("vice admiral").[4]
The rank is rated OF-7 within the NATO rank structure, usually equivalent counter admiral, and rear admiral.[5]
Russia
editIn the Imperial Russian Navy the rank of Schout-bij-nacht (Russian: шаутбенахт, romanized: shautbenakht) was kept until 1732, when the rank was replaced with counter admiral (контр-адмирал, kontr-admiral).[6][7]
Sweden
editSchoutbynacht was a rank used in the Swedish Navy from 1630 to 1771.[8] It was then replaced by the rank of Konteramiral.[9]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "SCHOUT-BIJ-NACHT - (VLAGOFFICIER)." etymologiebank.nl. Retrieved 2022-11-30.
- ^ "Rangforordningen, 11. februar 1693". danmarkshistorien.dk (in Danish). Aarhus University. Retrieved 20 March 2022.
- ^ C. B-h. (1926). "Schoutbynacht". In Blangstrup, Christian (ed.). Salmonsens Konversationsleksikon (in Danish) (2nd ed.). Copenhagen: A/S J. H. Schultz Forlagsboghandel. p. 56. Retrieved 20 March 2022.
- ^ "Rangen en standen van de Koninklijke Marine." Marineschepen.nl. Retrieved 2022-11-30.
- ^ "NATO Codes for Grades of Military Personnel." NATO Standard. APersP-01. June 2022, p. B5.
- ^ Ганичев П. П. (1989). Воинские звания., col. 142-144.
- ^ Cобрание законов Российской империи. Sankt Petersburg 1830, К No. 6292. Retrieved 2022-11-30.
- ^ Nordisk familjebok, Malmö 1952-1955, vol. 18, col. 853.
- ^ Nordisk familjebok, Stockholm 1916, vol. 24, col. 1171.