Schröter or Schroeter is a German surname, a variant of Schröder (in Silesia Saxony and Thuringia )[citation needed]. It may also be written without diacritics as Schroter. It is an occupational name for a cloth cutter or tailor. Notable people with the surname include:
- Adam Schröter (c. 1525 – c. 1572), Silesian humanist, poet, and alchemist
- Albrecht Schröter (born 1955), German politician
- Carl Joseph Schröter (1855–1939), Swiss botanist
- Charles Schroeter (1837–1921), American soldier
- Corona Schröter (1751–1802), German actress and singer
- Erich Schröter (1904–1942), German military officer
- Eva Bulling-Schröter (born 1956), German politician
- Felix Schröter (born 1996), German footballer
- Günter Schröter (1927–2016), German footballer and coach
- Harm G. Schroeter (active from 1981), Norwegian academic in economic history
- Heide Schröter (active 1967), West German slalom canoeist
- Heinrich Schröter (1829–92), German mathematician
- Horst von Schroeter (1919–2006), German U-boat commander
- Jens Fredrik Schroeter (1857–1927), Norwegian astronomer
- Johann Hieronymus Schröter (1745–1816), German astronomer
- Johann Samuel Schröter (1735–1808), German Protestant theologian and conchologist
- Johann Samuel Schröter (c.1752–1788), German pianist and composer
- Joseph Schröter (1837–94), German mycologist
- Karl Schröter (1905–1977), German mathematician and logician
- Karl-Ernst Schroeter (1912–43), German naval officer who fought in World War II
- Karl-Heinz Schröter (born 1954), German politician
- Leonhardt Schröter (c. 1532 – c. 1601), German choirmaster, teacher and composer
- Martina Schröter (born 1960), German rower
- Moritz Schröter (1851–1925), German industrial engineer
- Morris Schröter (born 1995), German footballer
- Rebecca Schroeter (1751–1826), British musician
- Reginald Schroeter (1921–2002), Canadian ice hockey player
- Silvio Schröter (born 1979), German football player
- Susanne Schröter (born 1957), German social anthropologist
- Tobias Schröter (born 1964), East German pair skater
- Victor Schröter (1839–1901), Russian architect
- Werner Schroeter (1945–2010), German film director
- Wilhelm Schröter (born 1960), Brazilian composer and pianist
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