The 1993 Scotts Mills earthquake, also known as the "Spring break quake", occurred in the U.S. state of Oregon on March 25 at 5:34 AM Pacific Standard Time. With a moment magnitude of 5.6 and a maximum perceived intensity of VII (Very strong) on the Mercalli intensity scale, it was the largest earthquake in the Pacific Northwest since the Elk Lake and Goat Rocks earthquakes of 1981. Ground motion was widely felt in Oregon's Willamette Valley, the Portland metropolitan area, and as far north as the Puget Sound area near Seattle, Washington.
  Portland Salem Bend Roseburg  | |
| UTC time | 1993-03-25 13:34:37 |
|---|---|
| ISC event | 244845 |
| USGS-ANSS | ComCat |
| Local date | March 25, 1993 |
| Local time | 05:34:37 |
| Magnitude | 5.6 Mw[1] |
| Depth | 16.2 km (10 mi)[1] |
| Epicenter | 45°04′N 122°33′W / 45.06°N 122.55°W[1] |
| Type | Oblique-slip[2] |
| Areas affected | Western Oregon United States |
| Total damage | $28 million[3] |
| Max. intensity | MMI VII (Very strong)[3] |
| Peak acceleration | 0.06 g |
| Casualties | Six injured[1] |
Earthquake
editThe Scotts Mills mainshock epicenter was located about 5 kilometers (3.1 mi) east of the town of Scotts Mills in Marion County, and about 54 kilometers (34 mi) south of Portland. The United States Geological Survey reported that strong motion instruments recorded peak ground accelerations of 0.06 g at Detroit Dam, 44 kilometers (27 mi) to the southeast, and also give an extensive review of damage reports and ground motion intensities.[4]
Reports of the earthquake came from as far as Roseburg in southern Oregon, 165 miles (266 km) south of the epicenter, to the coastal town of Lincoln City, east to Bend, and north to Seattle. The seismology lab from the University of Washington in Seattle reported the Richter magnitude to be 5.4, but stated that the initial figure could change. An aftershock measuring 3.2 happened within the first hour of the main shock.[5]
Damage
editMost structural damage consisted of toppled chimneys and failure of walls of unreinforced masonry. Buildings with damage include Molalla High School, the State Capitol in Salem, and the St. Paul Church in Saint Paul.[6] The damage at the capitol occurred in the old wing and that section of the facility was closed after the morning earthquake, and two walls at the high school were partially collapsed. Additional damage to some homes occurred in Molalla in the form of broken windows and brick planters at some homes there. No damage was reported in Portland, but residents did see books knocked off shelves and some car alarms were set off. Several people were treated at the Salem Hospital for injuries related to falling glass.[5]
Previous events
editA similar sized earthquake occurred in 1877 and Portland was struck by a magnitude 5.5 quake in 1962, but geophysicists say the area is vulnerable to even larger earthquakes, such as the 1872 North Cascades earthquake.[5]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b c d PAGER-CAT Earthquake Catalog, Version 2008_06.1, United States Geological Survey, September 4, 2009
- ^ Thomas, G. C.; Crosson, R. S.; Carver, D. L.; Yelin, T. S. (August 1996), "The 25 March 1993 Scotts Mills, Oregon, earthquake and aftershock sequence: Spatial distribution, focal mechanisms, and the Mount Angel Fault" (PDF), Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 86 (4): 934, Bibcode:1996BuSSA..86..925T, doi:10.1785/BSSA0860040925, S2CID 128775177
- ^ a b Wong, Ivan G.; Bott, Jacqueline D.J. (November 1995), "A look back at Oregon's earthquake history, 1841–1944" (PDF), Oregon Geology, 57 (6): 130
- ^ Dewey, James W.; Reagor, B. Glen; Johnson, Dennis A.; Choy, George L.; Baldwin, Frank W. (1994). "The Scotts Mills, Oregon, earthquake of March 25, 1993; intensities, strong-motion data, and teleseismic data" (PDF). Open-File Report 94-163. United States Geological Survey.
- ^ a b c Times Staff (March 25, 1993). "Quake Cracks Oregon Capitol – Temblor Registers 5.4, Causes Minor Injuries". The Seattle Times.
- ^ Bergquist, Timothy. "St. Paul Roman Catholic Church". Oregon Encyclopedia. Retrieved 18 October 2018.
External links
edit- Increased seismic activity in Oregon highlighted by tremor and a M=4.0 quake – Temblor, Inc.
- The International Seismological Centre has a bibliography and/or authoritative data for this event.