The Septobasidiales are an order of rust fungi in the class Pucciniomycetes. It contains the single family Septobasidiaceae,[4] which itself comprises six genera: Aphelariopsis Jülich (with 1 species), Auriculoscypha D.A. Reid & Manim. (with 1 species), Coccidiodictyon Oberw. (with 1 species), Johncouchia S. Hughes & Cavalc. (with 1 species), Septobasidium Pat. (with about 200 species) and lastly, Uredinella Couch (with 2 species).[5]
| Septobasidiaceae | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Basidiomycota |
| Class: | Pucciniomycetes |
| Order: | Septobasidiales Couch ex Donk,[2] |
| Family: | Septobasidiaceae Racib.,[1] |
| Type genus | |
| Septobasidium | |
| Genera | |
| |
| Synonyms | |
|
Glenosporaceae Nann. in Polacci, Tratt. Micopatol. Umana 4: 423. 1934. | |
History
editThe order Septobasidiales was circumscribed in 1964 by Marinus Anton Donk,[2] based on an earlier description by John Nathaniel Couch in 1938.[6] When the order used to contain just 3 families; Auriculoscyphaceae , Septobasidiaceae and Uredinellaceae. It was reduced to just Septobasidiaceae with the other families being absorbed in the one family and one order.[5][7]
They are generally parasitic on plants, while some species are parasitic on or symbiotic with scale insects (of the order Homoptera). They have basidiospores (reproductive spore) that germinate on insects, with the haustoria (rootlike structure that grows into or around another structure to absorb water or nutrients) coiled inside insect. Septobasidiales are perennial and thus exhibit distinct seasonal responses. Growth occurs during the wet season and ceases or slows at the onset of the dry or cold season.[8]
These fungi are, effectively, zoophilic rusts whose nourishment derives wholly from partial parasitism of scale insect populations underlying crust-like fungal thalli. The global knowledge of these fungi depends heavily on a classic monograph by Couch (1938).[6] Later large scale studies of this genus include those by Azema (1975),[9] and the validation (Gómez & Henk, 2004)[10] of Couch's (1938),[6] many new but invalidly published species of Septobasidium.[11]
The Septobasidiaceae family contain 5 genera and over 180 species that are parasitic on scale insects (especially the Coccoidea). This group of fungi have been studied rarely, with the exception of the early work of Couch (1938),[6] and a small number of recent publications (e.g., Henk and Vilgalys 2007, who studied DNA sequence data of several species).[7] Collections of Septobasidiaceae are scant, and living cultures are even rarer.
The largest and most important genus is Septobasidium, which grows as mats of hyphae covering and embedding scale insects on branches and leaves of trees.[12]
Septobasidium is a genus that is practically worldwide in distribution, ranging throughout the tropics and into temperate Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, North America, and South America.[7] It is very abundant in certain localities, and it also occurs on a great variety of wild and cultivated woody plants, such as citrus, apple, tea, and rubber, sometimes causing much damage.[6]
Genera
edit- Aphelariopsis Jülich - Aphelariopsis colombiana (A.L. Welden) Jülich (1982)
- Auriculoscypha D.A. Reid & Manim. - Auriculoscypha anacardiicola D.A. Reid & Manim. (1985)
- Coccidiodictyon Oberw. - Coccidiodictyon inconspicuum Oberw. (1989)
- Johncouchia S. Hughes & Cavalc. - Johncouchia mangiferae (Bat.) S. Hughes & Cavalc. (1983)
- Septobasidium Pat. - (about 200 species, see List of Septobasidium species)
- Uredinella Couch - Uredinella coccidiophaga Couch (1937) and Uredinella spinulosa Couch & Petch (1941)
Distribution
editSpecies in the order and the family are found worldwide,[6] they have a cosmopolitan distribution.[13] Including China,[14] the United States, Costa Rica,[15] and Mexico.[16]
References
edit- ^ Bull. Inter. Acad. Sci. Cracovie, Cl. Sci. Math. Nat. 1909: 359. 1909
- ^ a b Donk, M. A. (1964). "A conspectus of the families of Aphyllophorales". Persoonia. 3 (2): 199–324.
- ^ Patouillard, M. N. (1892). "Septobasidium, nouveau genre d'Hyménomycètes hétérobasidiés". Journal de Botanique. 6 (4): 61–64.
- ^ "Pucciniomycetes". Faces Of Fungi. Retrieved 28 March 2023.
- ^ a b Wijayawardene, Nalin; Hyde, Kevin; Al-Ani, Laith Khalil Tawfeeq; Somayeh, Dolatabadi; Stadler, Marc; Haelewaters, Danny; et al. (2020). "Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa". Mycosphere. 11: 1060–1456. doi:10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/8. hdl:10481/61998.
- ^ a b c d e f Couch, John Nathaniel (1938). The Genus Septobasidium. The University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 9781469612386.
- ^ a b c Henk, Daniel A.; Vilgalys, Rytas (September 2007). "Molecular phylogeny suggests a single origin of insect symbiosis in the Pucciniomycetes with support for some relationships within the genus Septobasidium". American Journal of Botany. 94 (9): 1515–1526. doi:10.3732/ajb.94.9.1515. PMID 21636518.
- ^ Benjamin, Richard K.; Blackwell, Meredith; Chapela, Ignacio H.; Humber, Richard A.; Jones, Kevin G.; Klepzig, Kier D.; Lichtwardt, Robert W.; Malloch, David; Noda, Hiroaki; Roeper, Richard A.; Spatafora, Joseph W.; Weir, Alexander (2004). "Insect- and Other Arthropod-Associated Fungi". Biodiversity of Fungi Inventory and Monitoring Methods: 395–433. doi:10.1016/B978-012509551-8/50021-0. ISBN 9780125095518.
- ^ Azema, R. (1975). "Le genre Septobasidium Patouillard". Documents Mycologiques. 6: 1–24.
- ^ Gómez, Luis D.; Henk, Daniel A. (February 2004). "Validation of the species of Septobasidium (Basidiomycetes) described by John N. Couch". Lankesteriana. 4 (1): 75–96. doi:10.15517/lank.v4i1.22985.
- ^ Humber, Richard A. (2012). "Identification of entomopathogenic fungi". Manual of Techniques in Invertebrate Pathology (2 ed.).
- ^ Boekhout, Teun; Fonseca, Álvaro; Sampaio, José Paulo; Bandoni, Robert J.; Fell, Jack W.; Kwon-Chung, Kyung J. (2011). "Chapter 100 - Discussion of Teleomorphic and Anamorphic Basidiomycetous Yeasts". The Yeasts (Fifth ed.). pp. 1339–1372. doi:10.1016/B978-0-444-52149-1.00100-2. ISBN 9780444521491.
- ^ "Septobasidiales". www.gbif.org. Retrieved 28 March 2023.
- ^ Li, Wei; Guo, Lin (May 2014). "Three new species of Septobasidium from Yunnan and Guangxi in China". Mycotaxon. 127: 25–31. doi:10.5248/127.25.
- ^ Henk, D.A. (2005). "New species of Septobasidium from southern Costa Rica and the southeastern United States". Mycologia. 97 (4): 908–913. doi:10.1080/15572536.2006.11832782. PMID 16457360.
- ^ Couch, J.N. (1946). "Two species of Septobasidium from Mexico with unusual insect houses". Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society. 62: 87–94.
Other sources
edit- Buller, A. H. Reginald (1939). "The Genus Septobasidium". Nature. 144 (3647): 531. Bibcode:1939Natur.144..531B. doi:10.1038/144531a0. S2CID 4129457.
- Couch, J. N. 1937. A new fungus intermediate between the rusts and Septobasidium. Mycologia 29: 665–673.