Serbi–Mongolic languages

Serbi–Mongolic
Serbi–Mongolic
Xianbei–Mongolic; Mongolic–Khitan
(tentative)
Geographic; distribution	Mongolia, northern China, Lake Baikal region
Linguistic classification	proposed language family
Subdivisions	Mongolic; Para-Mongolic †;
Language codes
Glottolog	mong1349

Serbi–Mongolic^{[note 1]} is a proposed group of languages that includes the Mongolic languages as well as the Para-Mongolic languages, a proposed extinct sister branch of the Mongolic languages.^[1]

Names

Serbi (*serbi) is Shimunek's reconstruction for the historical ethnonym Xianbei (鮮卑).^[1]

In Glottolog 4.4, the languages are referred to as Mongolic–Khitan.^[2]

Below is a preliminary classification of the Serbi–Mongolic languages in Shimunek (2017:35):^[1]

Serbi–Mongolic
- Mongolic^[3]^[4]
  - Central Mongolic languages
    - Eastern Central Mongolic
    - Oirat
      - Kalmyk
    - Ordos Mongolian
  - Southern Mongolic languages
    - Shirongolic
      - Mongour
      - Dongxiang
      - Bonan
      - Santa
      - Kangjia
    - Shira Yugur
  - Daur
  - Moghol
- Serbi–Awar (= Juha Janhunen's "Para-Mongolic"^[5])
  - Awar (Avar) (Wuhuan 烏桓 or Wuwan 烏丸)
  - Old Serbi (Common Serbi)
    - Ch’i-fu/Qifu 乞伏 (northern Early Middle Chinese/NEMC *kʰɨrbuwk)
    - Tuan/Duan 段 (NEMC *dɔr̃)
    - Tabghach
    - Tuyuhun/T’u-yü-hun (Mu-jung/Murong 慕容)
    - Kitanic (Yü-wen/Yuwen 宇文)
      - Old Kitan
      - Qay 奚 (NEMC *ɣay)
      - Shirwi proper 室韋 (*širwi/*širβi < *serbi 鮮卑 'Xianbei')

Phonological innovations from Common Serbi–Mongolic (i.e., Proto-Serbi–Mongolic) to Proto-Mongolic and Proto-Serbi are (Shimunek 2017:415):^[1]

^ also known as Mongolic–Khitan, Mongolo-Khitanic, Khitano-Mongolic and Macro-Mongolic

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Shimunek, Andrew (2017). Languages of Ancient Southern Mongolia and North China: a Historical-Comparative Study of the Serbi or Xianbei Branch of the Serbi-Mongolic Language Family, with an Analysis of Northeastern Frontier Chinese and Old Tibetan Phonology. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-447-10855-3. OCLC 993110372.
^ Mongolic-Khitan. Glottolog 4.4. Accessed 2021-09-29.
^ Janhunen (2006:232–233)
^ Nugteren (2011)
^ Janhunen, Juha (2003a). "Proto-Mongolic". In Janhunen, Juha (ed.). The Mongolic languages. Routledge. ISBN 9780700711338.

Janhunen, Juha (2006). "Mongolic languages". In Brown, K. (ed.). The encyclopedia of language & linguistics. Amsterdam: Elsevier. pp. 231–234.
Nugteren, Hans (2011). Mongolic Phonology and the Qinghai-Gansu Languages (Ph.D. thesis). Netherlands Graduate School of Linguistics / Landelijke – LOT.

Serbi–Mongolic
Xianbei–Mongolic Mongolic–Khitan
(tentative)
Geographic distribution	Mongolia, northern China, Lake Baikal region
Linguistic classification	proposed language family
Subdivisions	Mongolic Para-Mongolic †
Language codes
Glottolog	`mong1349`