Sertaneja and Sertanejo are Brazilian terms that may refer to:
- Sertanejo, a resident of the Sertão (equivalent to a United States cowboy in frontier times)
- Sertaneja, Paraná, a municipality in Paraná, Brazil
- Sertanejo music, a musical genre in Brazil (known as Sertanejo)
- O sertanejo, a novel by the Brazilian writer José de Alencar
- Viola sertaneja, a stringed musical instrument from North-eastern Brazil
- Sertanejo, nickname of Felipe Arantes, Brazilian mixed martial artist