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Seymour H. Knox I

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This article is about the Buffalo merchant and businessman. For other people with the same name, see Seymour Knox.

Seymour Horace Knox I (April 11, 1861 – May 17, 1915), was a businessman from Buffalo, New York, who made his fortune in five-and-dime stores.[2] He merged his more than 100 stores with those of his first cousins, Frank Winfield Woolworth and Charles Sumner Woolworth, to form the F. W. Woolworth Company.[3] He went on to hold prominent positions in the merged company as well as Marine Trust Co.[4] He was the father of Seymour H. Knox II and grandfather of Seymour H. Knox III and Northrup Knox, the co-founders of the Buffalo Sabres in the National Hockey League.

Seymour H. Knox I
Seymour H. Knox I
BornApril 11, 1861
Russell, New York, U.S.
DiedMay 17, 1915(1915-05-17) (aged 54)
Buffalo, New York, U.S.
Resting placeForest Lawn Cemetery,
Buffalo, New York
OccupationBusinessman
SpouseGracia Millard Knox
Children4, including Seymour H. Knox II[1]
RelativesSeymour H. Knox III (grandson)
Northrup R. Knox (grandson)
Frank Winfield Woolworth (cousin)
Charles Sumner Woolworth (cousin)

Early life

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He was born on April 11, 1861 in Russell, St. Lawrence County, New York.[2] His father was James Horace Knox, a farmer married to Jane E. McBrier. James' grandfather had fought in the American Revolution.[4] William Knox was the first of this line of Knoxes to come to Massachusetts from Belfast, Ireland, in 1737.[4]

Seymour attended the Russell district school and at fifteen, though he had never gone to high school, began to teach in school himself.[4]

Career

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Knox (center) with Frank and Charles Woolworth
 
Pioneering Urban 5 and dime in Detroit

At seventeen, he moved to Hart, Michigan, where for a few years he worked as a salesclerk. Then he left for Reading, Pennsylvania, where he entered into a partnership with his first cousins.[4] He later donated the Knox Memorial Central School Building (dedicated on July 30, 1913) that served the town until the Knox Memorial School and Edwards Central School merged. He initially became a partner with the Woolworths by jointly opening a Woolworth & Knox store with them in Reading on September 20, 1884, using his entire life savings.[3] The Reading store's first several hours had no sales. However, after the partners took a lunchtime walk, they returned at 1:30 to find the local factory workers had been let out at 1:00—with their paychecks. Sales were brisk, and the partners never looked back.[3] His second store, in Newark, New Jersey, was short lived, but his partnership thrived nonetheless.[3] The third venture, in Erie, Pennsylvania, enabled them to buy out the Newark lease. He partnered with Frank to open the first Buffalo store, at 409 Main Street, on October 13, 1888.

By 1889, he was able to buy out his cousins.[3] He maintained a collegial business relationship with his cousins after the buyout. In fact, he bought Woolworth merchandise at wholesale and sometimes traded in competition.[3] He formed another brief partnership with another friendly rival, Earle Perry Charlton, from 1889 to 1895, opening his Buffalo "S.H. Knox Co." 5 and 10 Cent Store in 1890.[3][5] In 1890, he made established headquarters in the Buffalo store.[6] Sources disagree on the chronology of later stores. One source says that the second Buffalo store was opened at 549 William Street on June 20, 1891.[4] Another says Knox opened his second store on December 18, 1893, at 519 Main Street, four days after the first store at 409 Main Street was destroyed in the Wonderland Building Fire.[7] The 519 Main Street store replaced the 409 Main Street after the fire on December 14, 1893, and moved to 395 Main Street in 1895.[8] He continued to build his S.H. Knox Co. 5 and 10 Cent Store empire. By the time of the 1911 incorporation of F. W. Woolworth Company, Knox was the second largest of six store operators with 98 U.S. and 13 Canadian locations. In 1912, he received $12 million of the $65 million merger proceeds and was appointed Director and Senior Vice-Principal of the Corporation.[3] Knox is remembered as the pioneering city center store operator. His store in Detroit, Michigan, was the first outside of the agricultural and small-market towns.[3] Many of the Woolworth's friendly rivals emulated his plan.[3]

In 1913, he purchased Stephen Merrell Clement's interests in Marine National.[4] At his death, Seymour was Vice President of the Woolworth Co. and Chairman of the Board of the Marine Trust Co. He was the first of three generations of the family to serve as Chairman.

Personal life

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In 1890, Seymour was married to Grace Millard (1862–1936), a daughter of Charles Abram Millard and Sarah Amelia (née Avery) Millard.[9] Together, they had four children, one of whom died in infancy:[4]

  • Grace Knox (1893–1895), who died in infancy.[9]
  • Marjorie Knox (1900–1971), who married Joseph Hazard Campbell of Providence, Rhode Island in 1927. After Campbell was killed in a small plane accident in 1938, Marjorie remarried to Benjamin Klopp in 1948.[10][11]
  • Dorothy Virginia Knox (1896–1980), who married Frank Henry Goodyear Jr. in 1915. After Goodyear was killed in a car accident in 1930, Dorothy remarried to Edmund Pendleton Rogers, a widower from New York, in 1931.
  • Seymour H. Knox II (1898–1990),[12] who married Helen Northrup.[13]

Knox died on May 17, 1915, in Buffalo, New York.[2] After his death, his wife built a new mansion on Delaware Avenue for her and their children, designed by New York City architect C. P. H. Gilbert, known today as the Mrs. Seymour H. Knox House.[14]

Descendants

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Among his grandchildren were Seymour H. Knox III and Northrup R. Knox, the original principal owners of the NHL's Buffalo Sabres.[4][15] Grace established The University at Buffalo's first endowment fund in 1916 when she donated $250,000.[16][17][18] Knox bred champion trotters and pacers and was a polo enthusiast.[4]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "U.S. Supreme Court Helvering v. Campbell". FindLaw. 1941. Retrieved March 17, 2007., (313 U.S. 15 (1941))
  2. ^ a b c "Seymour H. Knox Dead. Banker, Who with Woolworth Started Ten-Cent Stores, Amassed $10,000,000". New York Times. May 17, 1915. Retrieved November 24, 2012. Seymour H. Knox, one of the leading bankers in the East, who amassed a fortune estimated at $10,000,000 through a chain of 5 and 10 cent stores, died at his home here this afternoon. ...
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Seymour Horace Knox". Archived from the original on March 24, 2007. Retrieved March 31, 2007.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Dunn, Edward T. (2003). "Bios – Knox Family of Buffalo". Buffalo's Delaware Avenue: Mansions and Families. Retrieved March 31, 2007.
  5. ^ F.W. Woolworth Co., Buffalo & Erie County Historical Society (2000). "Historic Markers, Monuments and Memorials of Buffalo, New York: S.H. Knox & Co". Chris Andrle. Retrieved March 31, 2007.
  6. ^ Brown, p. 120.
  7. ^ "History – Grace Millard Knox House / Computer Task Group Building". 2002. Retrieved March 31, 2007.
  8. ^ Brown, p. 121.
  9. ^ a b "MRS. SEYMOUR KNOX, PHILANTHROPIST, DIES; Buffalo Social Leader Was the Widow of One of Early Woolworth Partners". The New York Times. August 31, 1936. Retrieved February 26, 2021.
  10. ^ Ross, Donna (September 26, 2008). "The East Aurora Hunt: Gone But Not Forgotten". The Chronicle of the Horse. Retrieved April 12, 2016.
  11. ^ "BUFFALO MARRIAGE FOR VIRGINIA KLOPP; She Wears Antique Italian Silk Taffeta at Wedding to Hazard Knox Campbell of Navy". The New York Times. April 27, 1952. Retrieved February 26, 2021.
  12. ^ Glueck, Grace (September 28, 1990). "Seymour H. Knox Is Dead at 92; Buffalo Banker Was Art Patron". The New York Times. Retrieved February 26, 2021.
  13. ^ "MRS. SEYMOUR KNOX". The New York Times. December 11, 1971. Retrieved February 26, 2021.
  14. ^ LaChiusa, Chuck. "Knox House". buffaloah.com. Buffalo Architecture and History. Retrieved February 24, 2021.
  15. ^ "Seymour Knox 3d, 70, N.H.L. Team Owner". The New York Times. May 23, 1996. Retrieved February 26, 2021.
  16. ^ "Grace Millard Knox Lecture Hall". University Archives, State University of New York at Buffalo. July 10, 2006. Retrieved April 16, 2007.
  17. ^ "Knox Lecture Hall (KNOX)". University at Buffalo. July 10, 2006. Retrieved April 16, 2007.
  18. ^ "Obituaries: Northrup R. Knox, 69, banker, sportsman, community leader". University at Buffalo Reporter. August 27, 1998. Retrieved April 16, 2007.
General sources
  • Brown, Richard C. and Bob Watson (illustrators) (1981). Buffalo: Lake City In Niagara Land: An Illustrated History. Windsor Publications, Inc.
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