Shahr-e Kord (Persian: شهركرد)[a] is a city in the Central District of Shahrekord County, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province, Iran, serving as capital of the province, the county, and the district.[4] It is the largest city in the province, and is 90 km away from Iran's third largest city, Isfahan.
Shahr-e Kord
Persian: شهركرد Ancient names: Dezh Gord, Deh Kord | |
|---|---|
City | |
.jpg) Panoramic view of Shahr-e Kord in 2013 | |
| Nicknames: The City of Kindness, Bam-e Iran (Roof of Iran) | |
  Shahr-e Kord | |
| Coordinates: 32°19′56″N 50°51′23″E / 32.33222°N 50.85639°E[1] | |
| Country | Iran |
| Province | Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari |
| County | Shahrekord |
| District | Central |
| Elevation | 2,070 m (6,790 ft) |
| Population (2016)[2] | |
| • Total | 190,441 |
| Time zone | UTC+3:30 (IRST) |
Demographics
editEthnicity
editShahr-e Kord is populated by Persians, Lurs and Turkic people.[5][6]
Etymology
editShahr-e Kord, at face value, seems to mean "City of the Kurds". In antiquity, the place had been called "Dezh Gord" (دژگرد), where dezh (دژ) means "fortress" and gord (گرد) means "hero".[citation needed]
After the Muslim conquest of Persia, the name changed to "Deh Kord" (Persian: دهكرد); dezh was reinterpreted as deh (ده) meaning "village" and gord became kord because the Arabic alphabet lacks the letters "g" (گ), and "zh" (ژ).[7] Other examples of cities whose names changed partly due to the influence of the Arabic language are Chamgordan, Boroujerd and Dezful, which were called Chamgord, Borougord and Dezhpol, respectively, before the Islamic conquest.
In 1935, the name was finally changed to its present form with deh being replaced with shahr (شهر) meaning "city", which better reflects the size of Shahr-e Kord.[citation needed] On the other side, Lurs have been known as Kurds in the post Islamic conquest literature. Michael M. Gunter states that Lurs are closely related to the Kurds but that they "apparently began to be distinguished from the Kurds 1,000 years ago."[8]
History
editCoins have been found in Shahr-e Kord dating back to the Sassanian and Parthian era.[9]
Demographics
editLanguage
editThe linguistic composition of the city:[10]
Population
editAt the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 126,746 in 31,977 households.[11] The following census in 2011 counted 159,775 people in 44,081 households.[12] The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 190,441 people in 55,492 households.[2]
Geography
editLocation
editShahr-e Kord is located about 90 km (56 mi) southwest of Isfahan and 512 km (318 mi) of Tehran. It is topographically situated in the north of the Zagros Mountains. Being located 2,070 m (6,790 ft) above the sea level, Shahr-e Kord is the most elevated among the centers of the provinces of Iran, known as the Roof of Iran.[citation needed]
Climate
editShahr-e Kord has a hot-summer mediterranean continental climate (Köppen: Dsa, Trewartha: Dc), with hot summer days, cool summer nights, cold winter days and freezing winter nights. The annual average temperature in Shahr-e Kord is about 11.4°C (52.5°F). The absolute minimum temperature recorded in Shahr-e Kord since the start of keeping records has been −32.4 °C (−26.3 °F) on 29 December 2004, while the highest maximum temperature ever recorded was 42.0 °C (107.6 °F) on 15 July 1977.[13] January is the coldest month and July is the hottest month. Although the humidity level is moderate or high in winter, the amount of rainfall is close to zero in planting seasons, except for April and May.
| Climate data for Shahre Kord (1991-2020, records 1955-2020) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 18.0 (64.4) |
21.8 (71.2) |
25.7 (78.3) |
28.0 (82.4) |
34.0 (93.2) |
39.0 (102.2) |
42.0 (107.6) |
39.0 (102.2) |
37.0 (98.6) |
33.0 (91.4) |
25.4 (77.7) |
20.8 (69.4) |
42.0 (107.6) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 6.0 (42.8) |
9.0 (48.2) |
13.6 (56.5) |
18.7 (65.7) |
24.6 (76.3) |
30.8 (87.4) |
33.7 (92.7) |
32.9 (91.2) |
29.1 (84.4) |
22.6 (72.7) |
14.4 (57.9) |
9.1 (48.4) |
20.4 (68.7) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −2.1 (28.2) |
1.2 (34.2) |
5.4 (41.7) |
10.7 (51.3) |
15.7 (60.3) |
21.1 (70.0) |
24.5 (76.1) |
23.1 (73.6) |
18.3 (64.9) |
12.3 (54.1) |
5.7 (42.3) |
0.6 (33.1) |
11.4 (52.5) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −9.4 (15.1) |
−6.3 (20.7) |
−3.0 (26.6) |
1.9 (35.4) |
5.0 (41.0) |
8.3 (46.9) |
12.5 (54.5) |
10.8 (51.4) |
6.0 (42.8) |
1.7 (35.1) |
−2.2 (28.0) |
−6.7 (19.9) |
1.6 (34.8) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −31.0 (−23.8) |
−32.0 (−25.6) |
−20.3 (−4.5) |
−8.0 (17.6) |
−3.4 (25.9) |
0.0 (32.0) |
5.2 (41.4) |
0.0 (32.0) |
−1.0 (30.2) |
−7.2 (19.0) |
−15.0 (5.0) |
−32.4 (−26.3) |
−32.4 (−26.3) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 49.1 (1.93) |
47.0 (1.85) |
58.5 (2.30) |
40.9 (1.61) |
12.8 (0.50) |
1.5 (0.06) |
1.3 (0.05) |
0.3 (0.01) |
0.7 (0.03) |
8.5 (0.33) |
44.2 (1.74) |
55.9 (2.20) |
320.7 (12.61) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 6.0 | 5.1 | 6.1 | 5.6 | 2.3 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 1.6 | 4.1 | 5.6 | 37.3 |
| Average snowy days | 6.3 | 4.3 | 2.7 | 0.4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.5 | 4.2 | 18.4 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 67 | 60 | 51 | 49 | 43 | 30 | 27 | 27 | 30 | 40 | 55 | 64 | 45.3 |
| Average dew point °C (°F) | −7.7 (18.1) |
−6.3 (20.7) |
−5.0 (23.0) |
−0.8 (30.6) |
1.4 (34.5) |
0.9 (33.6) |
2.7 (36.9) |
1.5 (34.7) |
−1.4 (29.5) |
−2.4 (27.7) |
−3.6 (25.5) |
−5.9 (21.4) |
−2.2 (28.0) |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 199 | 212 | 242 | 244 | 304 | 349 | 338 | 337 | 310 | 273 | 211 | 200 | 3,219 |
| Source 1: NOAA NCEI,[14] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: IRIMO(records[13]), (snow and sleet days 1955-2010[15]) | |||||||||||||
Economy
edit- Barfab Company manufactures home appliances including Evaporative cooler, Gas/ Kerosene/ Electric Water Heaters, Gas Space Heater, Refrigerator - Freezer and Twin-Tub Washing Machine. Hiring about 1400 people within the firm, Barfab is the biggest private unit in the province.
- Shahrekord (Zagros) cement Co is located in the center of the mountain range of Zagros, 35 km away from Shahr-e Kord (Zagros) city.
- Shahr-e Kord (Zagros) Zagros Steel Company engages in the manufacturing of cast iron.
- Farokh Shahr Steel Industries is a tinplate producer. It is located 10 km away from Shahr-e Kord city.
- Shahrekord (Zagros) Carbon Dioxide Corp. is the largest producer of CO2 and Dry Ice in Iran.
- Shahrekord (Zagros) Textile Industries Co founded in Shahr-e Kord in 1991, is a fabric retail store which specializes in clothing fabrics, polyester viscose and black Chador.
- PAK PAY CO founded in Shahr-e Kord in 1991, is a dairy factory which produces pasteurized milk, flavored milk, cheese and yogurt. In 1996, Pak Dairy Co bought approximately 99% of company's stock.
- Photonic and Optoelectronic Research Group founded in Shahr-e Kord in 2014. This research group is managed by Dr. Hamed Saghaei, one of the prominent researchers in this field of study. The research group focused on design and fabrication of Micro and Nano-Photonic devices including photonic crystal fibers and waveguides, photonic chips based on optofluidic approach, etc. This research group is supported by Islamic Azad University, Shahr-e Kord Branch (best university among 6 universities in Shahrekord)
- Energy Research Center, The research group focused on Energy and Environment including renewable energy employed in building , etc. This research group is supported by Islamic Azad University, Shahr-e Kord Branch, https://shahrekord.iau.ir/energy/fa
Transportation
editThe Shahr-e Kord Bus Organization has 150 buses in its fleet which operate different routes throughout the city.[citation needed]
Shahrekord Airport is a domestic airport located to the south of the city. It currently has flights to and from two cities: Tehran and Mashhad.
Education
edit
There are three universities in the city of Shar-e Kord. The public and state university is Shahr-e Kord University (SKU) with 5,713 students. The other universities are Shahr-e Kord University of Medical Sciences (SKUMS) with 1,690 students and Islamic Azad University of Shahr-e Kord Branch (IAUSHK) with 7,400 students.
Sister cities
edit
Notable people
editNotable people from Shahr-e Kord include painter Arghavan Khosravi.[17]
Gallery
edit-
Mellat Park, Shahr-e Kord -
Bazaar Intersection, core of the City -
Abi Square -
Ferdowsi Square -
Imam Hossein Square -
Bostane Madar
See also
edit
Media related to Shahr-e Kord at Wikimedia Commons
Notes
editReferences
edit- ^ OpenStreetMap contributors (31 August 2024). "Shahr-e Kord, Shahrekord County" (Map). openstreetmap.org (OpenStreetMap) (in Persian). Retrieved 31 August 2024.
- ^ a b Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1395 (2016): Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province. amar.org.ir (Report) (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. Archived from the original (Excel) on 24 May 2019. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
- ^ Shahr-e Kord can be found at GEOnet Names Server, at this link, by opening the Advanced Search box, entering "-3084174" in the "Unique Feature Id" form, and clicking on "Search Database".
- ^ Habibi, Hassan (30 September 2015) [Approved 21 June 1369]. Approval of the organization and chain of citizenship of the elements and units of the national divisions of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province, centered in the city of Shahrekord. rc.majlis.ir (Report) (in Persian). Ministry of the Interior, Defense Political Commission of the Government Board. Notification 82826/T124K. Archived from the original on 21 September 2016. Retrieved 2 December 2023 – via Islamic Parliament Research Center.
- ^ "Language distribution: Chahar Mahal va Bakhtiari Province". Iran Atlas. Retrieved 25 March 2021.
- ^ Anonby, Erik. "Atlas of the Languages of Iran: A working classification". Iran Atlas. Retrieved 27 March 2021.
- ^ ":::سازمان تبلیغات اسلامی چهارمحال و بختیاری:::کلیات استان:::". Archived from the original on 24 March 2012. Retrieved 18 May 2011.
- ^ Gunter, Michael M. (2011). Historical Dictionary of the Kurds (2nd ed.). Scarecrow Press. p. 203. ISBN 978-0810867512.
- ^ http://www.sh-shahrekord.ir/user/Index.jsp?SID=39&lang=Fap [dead link]
- ^ "Language distribution: Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province". Iran Atlas. Retrieved 25 September 2021.
- ^ Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006): Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province. amar.org.ir (Report) (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. Archived from the original (Excel) on 20 September 2011. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
- ^ Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1390 (2011): Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province. irandataportal.syr.edu (Report) (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. Archived from the original (Excel) on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 19 December 2022 – via Iran Data Portal, Syracuse University.
- ^ a b "Temperature records highest in C. Station: Shahr-e kord(40798)" (asp). Iran Meteorological Organization. Archived from the original on 5 January 2015. Retrieved 28 March 2024.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)- "Temperature records lowest in C. Station: Shahr-e kord(40798)" (asp). Iran Meteorological Organization. Archived from the original on 7 February 2017. Retrieved 28 March 2024.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
- "Temperature records lowest in C. Station: Shahr-e kord(40798)" (asp). Iran Meteorological Organization. Archived from the original on 7 February 2017. Retrieved 28 March 2024.
- ^ "World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020: Sharekord" (CSV). ncei.noaa.gov. NOAA. Retrieved 2 February 2024.
- ^ "Number of days with snow or sleet Station: Shahr-e kord(40798)" (asp). Iran Meteorological Organization. Archived from the original on 5 February 2016. Retrieved 28 March 2024.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ http://www.farsnews.ir/newstext.php?nn=13900612000453 [dead link]
- ^ Fenstermaker, Will (30 October 2019). "Facing Duality: Arghavan Khosravi". BOMB Magazine. Retrieved 3 November 2022.