Shewanella putrefaciens is a Gram-negative pleomorphic bacterium. It has been isolated from marine environments, as well as from anaerobic sandstone in the Morrison Formation in New Mexico.[1] S. putrefaciens is also a facultative anaerobe with the ability to reduce iron and manganese metabolically; that is, it can use iron and manganese as the terminal electron acceptor in the electron transport chain (in contrast to obligate aerobes which must use oxygen for this purpose). It is also one of the organisms associated with the odor of rotting fish, as it is a marine organism which produces trimethylamine (hence the species name putrefaciens, from putrid).
| Shewanella putrefaciens | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Bacteria |
| Phylum: | Pseudomonadota |
| Class: | Gammaproteobacteria |
| Order: | Alteromonadales |
| Family: | Shewanellaceae |
| Genus: | Shewanella |
| Species: | S. putrefaciens
|
| Binomial name | |
| Shewanella putrefaciens (Lee et al. 1981)
MacDonell and Colwell 1986 | |
| Synonyms | |
|
Pseudomonas putrefaciens (Derby and Hammer 1931) Long and Hammer 1941 | |
In both solid and liquid media, S. putrefaciens is often recognizable by its bright pink color. On solid media, the colonies are round, fast-growing, and pink. The organism is also fast-growing in liquid media, and there will give the liquid an overall pink hue. On blood agar plates, the colonies are typically convex and large, with a brown pigment, and cause “greening” of the agar around the colonies. S. putrefaciens are non-lactose fermenters on MacConkey agar. As with all Shewanella, this organism produces hydrogen sulfide on TSI.[2]
Although it is very rare for it to act as a human pathogen, there have been cases of infections and bacteremia caused by S. putrefaciens.[3][4][5]
Shewanella putrefaciens is one of several species that have been shown to derive energy by reducing U(VI) to U(IV), which is thought to be important in making uranium deposits.[6] In fact, strain CN32 is very metabolically versatile and is capable of reducing metals, metalloids, and even radionuclides in place of oxygen during anaerobic growth. This is known to include (but is not necessarily limited to) Fe(III)→Fe(II), Mn(IV)→(via Mn(III) intermediate)→Mn(II), V(V)→V(IV), Tc(VII)→Tc(V/IV) and U(VI)→U(IV).[citation needed]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Fredrickson, James K.; Zachara, John M.; Kennedy, David W.; Dong, Hailang; Onstott, Tullis C.; Hinman, Nancy W.; Li, Shu-mei (October 1998). "Biogenic iron mineralization accompanying the dissimilatory reduction of hydrous ferric oxide by a groundwater bacterium". Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 62 (19–20): 3239–3257. Bibcode:1998GeCoA..62.3239F. doi:10.1016/S0016-7037(98)00243-9.
- ^ Manual of Clinical Microbiology, 10th Edition.[page needed]
- ^ Pagani, Leonardo; Lang, Adolf; Vedovelli, Claudio; Moling, Oswald; Rimenti, Giovanni; Pristerà, Raffaele; Mian, Peter (May 2003). "Soft Tissue Infection and Bacteremia Caused by Shewanella putrefaciens". Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 41 (5): 2240–2241. doi:10.1128/JCM.41.5.2240-2241.2003. PMC 154735. PMID 12734291.
- ^ Vignier, Nicolas; Théodose, Rafaelle; Barreau, Morgane; Baubion, Emilie; Olive, Claude; Cabié, André; Hochedez, Patrick (10 July 2013). "Human Infection with Shewanella putrefaciens and S. algae: Report of 16 Cases in Martinique and Review of the Literature". The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 89 (1): 151–156. doi:10.4269/ajtmh.13-0055. PMC 3748472. PMID 23690548.
- ^ Laupland, Kevin B.; Stewart, Adam G.; Edwards, Felicity; Paterson, David L.; Coulter, Sonali; Heney, Claire; George, Narelle; Harris, Patrick (April 2022). "Shewanella spp. Bloodstream Infections in Queensland, Australia". Emerging Infectious Diseases. 28 (4): 701–706. doi:10.3201/eid2804.212193. PMC 8962913. PMID 35319435.
- ^ Min, Maozhong; Xu, Huifang; Chen, Jia; Fayek, Mostafa (July 2005). "Evidence of uranium biomineralization in sandstone-hosted roll-front uranium deposits, northwestern China". Ore Geology Reviews. 26 (3–4): 198–206. Bibcode:2005OGRv...26..198M. doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2004.10.003.
External links
edit- Martín-Gil, J.; Ramos-Sánchez, M.C.; Martín-Gil, F.J. (October 2004). "Shewanella putrefaciens in a fuel-in-water emulsion from the Prestige oil spill". Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. 86 (3): 283–285. doi:10.1023/B:ANTO.0000047939.49597.eb. S2CID 739231.
- Type strain of Shewanella putrefaciens at BacDive - the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase
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