Shi Tianze (Chinese: 史天澤; Wade–Giles: Shih T'ien-tse; 1202 – 5 March 1275) was a general in the early period of the Yuan dynasty. Later, he was promoted to the post of deputy prime minister and became the first ethnic Chinese minister of the Yuan dynasty. He played a key role in early Yuan politics.
Name
editShi Tianze is also mentioned under the name Samka ba'tur (Persian: سمکه بهادر) in Persian historical sources such as the Jami' al-tawarikh.[1] This name is derived from the Chinese word "三哥 (sangge)," meaning "third son".[2]
Life
editShi Tianze was an ethnic Han who lived in the Jin dynasty. Interethnic marriage between Han and Jurchen became common at this time. His father was Shi Bingzhi (Shih Ping-chih, 史秉直). Shi Bingzhi was married to a Jurchen woman (surname Na-ho) and a Han woman (surname Chang), it is unknown which of them was Shi Tianze's mother.[3]
Shi Tianze married two Jurchen women, a Han woman, and a Korean woman, and his son Shi Gang was born to one of his Jurchen wives.[4] His Jurchen wive's surnames were Mo-nien and Na-ho, his Korean wife's surname was Li, and his Han wife's surname was Shi.[3]
Shi Tianze defected to the Mongol Empire's forces upon their invasion of the Jin dynasty. Shi, Zhang Rou (Chang Jou) zh, and Yan Shi (Yen Shih) zh and other high ranking Han who served in the Jin dynasty and defected to the Mongols helped build the structure for the administration of the new state.[5]
Family of Shi Tianze
edit| nameless | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shi lun 史倫 | nameless | nameless | nameless | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shi chenggui 史成珪 | nameless | nameless | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shi jindao 史進道 | Shi bǐngzhí 史秉直 | Shi huaide 史懐徳 | nameless | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shi tianze 史天沢 | Shi tianan 史天安 | Shi tianni 史天倪 | Shi tianxiang 史天祥 | Shi tianrui 史天瑞 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shi ge 史格 | Shi shu 史枢 | Shi ji 史楫 | Shi quan 史権 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shi yao 史燿 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
References
edit- ^ Thackston 2012, p. 310.
- ^ Ikeuchi 1984, pp. 19-20.
- ^ a b de Rachewiltz, Igor, ed. (1993). In the Service of the Khan: Eminent Personalities of the Early Mongol-Yüan Period (1200–1300). Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. p. 41. ISBN 978-3-447-03339-8.
- ^ J. Ganim; S. Legassie (20 March 2013). Cosmopolitanism and the Middle Ages. Palgrave Macmillan US. pp. 47–. ISBN 978-1-137-04509-6.
- ^ Chan, Hok-Lam (1997). "A Recipe to Qubilai Qa'an on Governance: The Case of Chang Te-hui and Li Chih". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society. 7 (2): 257–283. ISSN 1356-1863.
Sources
edit- Ikeuchi, Isao（池内功） (1984). "The Formation of Khubilai's Power and the Chinese Troops under His Rule." The journal of Oriental researches, Volume 43.
- Thackston, W. M, Classical writings of the medieval Islamic world v.3, (London, 2012)